TCP/IP Protocal Suite
Download as DOCX, PDF0 likes1,022 views
TCP/IP is a hierarchical protocol made up of interactive modules with each layer providing specific functionality. It was established in 1969 by ARPA to develop conventions for computers to communicate across its packet switching network, which later became known as TCP/IP. Data is encapsulated as it passes through each layer, with the application layer creating messages, TCP/UDP creating segments/datagrams, and IP creating datagrams to move across the internet in an unreliable but best effort manner. IP supports various network protocols and transports data in packets called datagrams with headers containing routing information. TCP/IP uses addresses with four bytes made up of class type, net ID, and host ID fields to identify host connections to networks on the
1 of 2
Download to read offline
Ad
Recommended
Basics of OSI and TCP IP Layers
Basics of OSI and TCP IP Layershafsabanu This article covers OSI and TCPIP stack and describe functions of physical layer,data link,networking layer-IP,transport-TCP,application layers.
Protocol architecture TCP IP
Protocol architecture TCP IPToufiqueAhmed13 This slide is design for communication and computer students. students can get help from this slide about TCP/IP and protocols of internet. this slide has basic knowledge about TCP and its layers.
TCP/IP Presentation lab encapsulation and de-capsulation Nick Raston 2143803
TCP/IP Presentation lab encapsulation and de-capsulation Nick Raston 2143803ArtistMuso The document discusses encapsulation and de-encapsulation in the TCP/IP model. Encapsulation involves adding headers and trailers to data as it moves from the upper application layer down to the lower network access layer. De-encapsulation is the reverse process that occurs as data moves up the layers on the receiving end. Specifically, it describes how a message from the application layer gets wrapped in successive layers - with TCP segments or UDP datagrams added at the transport layer, then IP datagrams added at the internet layer and finally a frame at the network access layer.
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Modelfarhan516 The TCP/IP model has four layers: Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer, and Network Access layer. The Application layer contains protocols that provide services to users like web browsing, email, and file transfers. The Transport layer deals with manipulating data and preparing it for delivery through the network using protocols like TCP and UDP. The Internet layer determines routing and addresses using IP addressing and routing protocols. The Network Access layer is responsible for transmitting bits and bytes across physical network connections using devices like hubs, switches, and network interface cards.
Presentation on TCP/IP Model
Presentation on TCP/IP ModelAbir Junayed The document compares the TCP/IP and OSI network models. It notes that while the OSI model has 7 layers, TCP/IP has 4 layers: Network Access, Internet, Transport, and Application. The Network Access layer combines the functions of the OSI Data Link and Physical layers. It provides details on the protocols and functions of each TCP/IP layer, including common protocols like IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP, and FTP.
OSI model and TCP/IP model
OSI model and TCP/IP modelRubal Sagwal This document provides an overview of computer networks, the OSI model, TCP/IP model, and related protocols. It discusses:
- The 7 layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer.
- How packets are encapsulated as they pass through each layer of the OSI model.
- Similarities and differences between the OSI model and TCP/IP model.
- Key protocols associated with each layer including TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP, ARP/RARP.
- Concepts such as addressing schemes, encapsulation, connection establishment and termination.
The document uses diagrams and explanations to concisely describe the layers, protocols, and fundamental concepts relating to computer network models and
TCP IP Model | Computer Science
TCP IP Model | Computer ScienceTransweb Global Inc Many Networking Software are structured into layers in the same way, TCP/IP is modelled in layers. This layered representation represents the term protocol stack, which refers to the stacked set of rules in the protocol suite. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on TCP IP Model:- www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/tcp-ip-model.aspx
Tcp IP Model
Tcp IP ModelAnkur Kumar Although the OSI reference model is universally recognized, the historical and technical open standard of the Internet is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
The TCP/IP reference model and the TCP/IP protocol stack make data communication possible between any two computers, anywhere in the world, at nearly the speed of light.
TCP/IP Introduction
TCP/IP IntroductionNaveen Kumar R.B. The document provides an overview of the OSI model and TCP/IP networking model. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model from the physical layer to the application layer and their responsibilities in networking. It also discusses the four layers of the TCP/IP model and compares it to the OSI model. Key protocols like TCP, UDP, IP, Ethernet, and HTTP are explained in their respective layers along with functions like encapsulation and data flow between layers. Network analysis tools like Wireshark are also mentioned.
Tcp/ip model
Tcp/ip modelKumar Alok The document describes the TCP/IP model and its layers:
1. The application layer contains common protocols like FTP, SMTP, HTTP, and DNS.
2. The transport layer contains TCP and UDP which manage end-to-end message transmission and error handling.
3. The network layer is IP which handles routing and congestion of data packets.
4. The lower layers include the data link layer which manages reliable data delivery to physical networks, and the physical layer which defines the physical media.
TCP/IP model
TCP/IP modelKrishnkant Pandey The document provides an overview of the TCP/IP network model. It discusses the four layers of the TCP/IP model: application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and network access layer. The application layer contains protocols like HTTP and FTP that allow applications to access networked services. The transport layer uses TCP and UDP to deliver data and provide reliability. The internet layer handles routing and uses IP. The network access layer deals with physical network components like cables and network interface cards.
TCP/IP Introduction 
TCP/IP Introduction LJ PROJECTS In this ppt, we try to cover basic concept of TCP/IP model. Also we have added how to capture IP Packet. Working of OSI Layers. Also try to cover Packet of Ethernet Frame. PDU = Protocol Data Unit. Cover the difference between Packet and Frames in TCP/IP
Presentation on network_protocols
Presentation on network_protocolsIUBAT The document discusses various protocols at the network layer of the TCP/IP model, including ICMP, IGMP, ARP, and RARP.
ICMP is a control protocol used for network administration and management. It carries network status information such as issues, congestion, and host accessibility. IGMP is used to manage Internet Protocol multicast group memberships. ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses to allow communication between network applications and the datalink layer. RARP is a reverse address resolution protocol that allows a client to request its IPv4 address from the network when it only knows its MAC address.
Computer Networks 3
Computer Networks 3Mr Smith IP addressing and MAC addressing uniquely identify devices on a network. IP addresses can be public for internet use or private for local networks, while MAC addresses uniquely identify devices locally. Network packets break data into smaller units with headers containing control information like source and destination addresses for routing. Common network protocols like TCP and IP define rules for formatting and exchanging data between devices.
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet ProtocolWe Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program. In this presentation, we will discuss in details about the TCP/ IP framework, the backbone of every ebusiness.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Introduction to TCP/IP
Introduction to TCP/IPMichael Lamont TCP/IP is a set of protocols that defines how data is transmitted and formatted so that networked systems can communicate. It originated from ARPAnet, which was developed by the Department of Defense to create a decentralized network resilient to attacks. TCP/IP provides logical addressing, routing between networks, name resolution from names to addresses, error checking and flow control for reliable data transmission, and support for multiple applications simultaneously through the use of ports. It is overseen by various standards organizations to ensure interoperability.
TCP/IP MODEL 
TCP/IP MODEL VAISHNAVI SHIRPURKAR TCP/IP model with their 4 layer
1. Network access layer.
2. Internet layer
3. Transport layer
4. Application layer
and each layer has its own protocols.
Osi and tcp ip model
Osi and tcp ip modelMuhammad Nadeem Rana This document discusses communication models and standards. It provides an in-depth overview of the ISO-OSI 7-layer communication reference model, explaining each of the seven layers in detail. It also briefly explains the TCP/IP model and compares it to the ISO-OSI model. The document serves to explain the reference models and standards relevant for network communications.
TCP-IP Reference Model
TCP-IP Reference ModelMukesh Tekwani What is the TCP-IP reference model? Comparison with OSI Model. Functions of the various layers of TCP model. Connection-oriented and connectionless services.
Video on OSI Model is here: https://youtu.be/b-JU9aWdoP8
withe exam questions
Protocol Ppt[1]![Protocol Ppt[1]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/protocolppt1-090926053218-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
Protocol Ppt[1]anil933 The document summarizes the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and their functions. It then explains that the TCP/IP protocol suite has five layers that correspond to the bottom four layers of the OSI model, with the top three OSI layers combined into a single application layer in TCP/IP. It also discusses the different types of addresses used in each layer, including physical, logical, and port addresses.
TCP/IP Protocols With All Layer Description
TCP/IP Protocols With All Layer DescriptionShubham Khedekar TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Presentation
TCP/IP Presentationeleinepagtakhan This document discusses the four layers of the TCP/IP model and how they coordinate with each other. It explains the processes of encapsulation and decapsulation as data moves between layers. Encapsulation involves each layer adding a header to data packets as they move down the stack, while decapsulation is the reverse process of removing headers as packets move up the stack at their destination. Figures and references are provided to illustrate these TCP/IP concepts.
Tcp
TcpSudhaa Ravi TCP/IP is a communication protocol suite that includes TCP, IP, and other protocols used to interconnect devices on the internet and private networks. TCP/IP functions as an abstraction layer and is divided into four layers: the application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and physical/link layer. The transport layer maintains end-to-end communications using TCP or UDP. The internet layer routes packets between networks using IP. The physical layer operates on a local link using protocols like Ethernet. Network devices can be assigned addresses statically, through configuration, or dynamically assigned by a server.
Tcp ip
Tcp ipDheeraj Sadawarte The document discusses the history and layers of the TCP/IP protocol model. It was created by the Department of Defense to build a network that could survive any conditions. The four layers are application, transport, internet, and network access. The application layer supports protocols for file transfer, email, and other applications. The transport layer provides end-to-end control and segmentation of data. The internet layer routes packets through the network using IP. The network access layer defines LAN and WAN technologies.
Network layer osi
Network layer osiNaresh Babu Merugu The document discusses the Network layer (OSI Layer 3) of the OSI model. It describes the key functions of the Network layer as addressing, encapsulation, routing, and decapsulation. It focuses on IPv4 as a common network layer protocol, outlining its characteristics of being connectionless, providing best effort service, and being media independent. It also describes IPv4 packet structure, including the header fields.
Tcp/ip model and protocol
Tcp/ip model and protocolLaxman Choudhary The document discusses the TCP/IP reference model, which consists of four independent layers - application, transport, internet, and link layer. It describes how each layer functions, with the application layer handling user interface, transport layer providing process-to-process communication, internet layer allowing devices to connect over networks, and link layer dealing with physical addressing and transmission. Key protocols like TCP, UDP, IP, and Ethernet are examined in their roles of providing reliable data transfer, multiplexing, routing, and physical connectivity between networked devices.
Role of OSI Layer when we open a webpage
Role of OSI Layer when we open a webpageB Shiv Shankar Our sessions are role of OSI layer when we open a webpage in a real world
When you are trying to open a web page on your PC this is what typically happens (I am just putting the basic concepts together for understanding, most of the steps below are much more elaborate, complicated and involves more devices, protocols & lot of other details than shown below)
Each slide explanation in brief : https://techsouljours.blogspot.in/2018/03/role-of-osi-layer-when-we-open-webpage.html
53426980 tcp-ip
53426980 tcp-ipSharan Huggi This document is a seminar report on TCP/IP submitted to Rajasthan Technical University. It begins with an acknowledgment thanking those who helped in preparing the report. The contents section provides an outline of the report, which includes an abstract, introduction to TCP/IP, basics of TCP/IP including its origin and functions, TCP/IP architecture describing how data flows through layers, acronyms of important terms, and a conclusion.
IP Address
IP AddressSukhdeep Kaur IP is the protocol that governs how data is sent between devices on the internet. Each device has a unique IP address that is used to route data packets to the correct destination. IP addresses are numerical identifiers composed of four groups of numbers separated by periods. IP provides an unreliable connectionless delivery service and handles fragmentation of data into packets that may arrive out of order.
Ad
More Related Content
What's hot (20)
TCP/IP Introduction
TCP/IP IntroductionNaveen Kumar R.B. The document provides an overview of the OSI model and TCP/IP networking model. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model from the physical layer to the application layer and their responsibilities in networking. It also discusses the four layers of the TCP/IP model and compares it to the OSI model. Key protocols like TCP, UDP, IP, Ethernet, and HTTP are explained in their respective layers along with functions like encapsulation and data flow between layers. Network analysis tools like Wireshark are also mentioned.
Tcp/ip model
Tcp/ip modelKumar Alok The document describes the TCP/IP model and its layers:
1. The application layer contains common protocols like FTP, SMTP, HTTP, and DNS.
2. The transport layer contains TCP and UDP which manage end-to-end message transmission and error handling.
3. The network layer is IP which handles routing and congestion of data packets.
4. The lower layers include the data link layer which manages reliable data delivery to physical networks, and the physical layer which defines the physical media.
TCP/IP model
TCP/IP modelKrishnkant Pandey The document provides an overview of the TCP/IP network model. It discusses the four layers of the TCP/IP model: application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and network access layer. The application layer contains protocols like HTTP and FTP that allow applications to access networked services. The transport layer uses TCP and UDP to deliver data and provide reliability. The internet layer handles routing and uses IP. The network access layer deals with physical network components like cables and network interface cards.
TCP/IP Introduction
TCP/IP Introduction LJ PROJECTS In this ppt, we try to cover basic concept of TCP/IP model. Also we have added how to capture IP Packet. Working of OSI Layers. Also try to cover Packet of Ethernet Frame. PDU = Protocol Data Unit. Cover the difference between Packet and Frames in TCP/IP
Presentation on network_protocols
Presentation on network_protocolsIUBAT The document discusses various protocols at the network layer of the TCP/IP model, including ICMP, IGMP, ARP, and RARP.
ICMP is a control protocol used for network administration and management. It carries network status information such as issues, congestion, and host accessibility. IGMP is used to manage Internet Protocol multicast group memberships. ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses to allow communication between network applications and the datalink layer. RARP is a reverse address resolution protocol that allows a client to request its IPv4 address from the network when it only knows its MAC address.
Computer Networks 3
Computer Networks 3Mr Smith IP addressing and MAC addressing uniquely identify devices on a network. IP addresses can be public for internet use or private for local networks, while MAC addresses uniquely identify devices locally. Network packets break data into smaller units with headers containing control information like source and destination addresses for routing. Common network protocols like TCP and IP define rules for formatting and exchanging data between devices.
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet ProtocolWe Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program. In this presentation, we will discuss in details about the TCP/ IP framework, the backbone of every ebusiness.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Introduction to TCP/IP
Introduction to TCP/IPMichael Lamont TCP/IP is a set of protocols that defines how data is transmitted and formatted so that networked systems can communicate. It originated from ARPAnet, which was developed by the Department of Defense to create a decentralized network resilient to attacks. TCP/IP provides logical addressing, routing between networks, name resolution from names to addresses, error checking and flow control for reliable data transmission, and support for multiple applications simultaneously through the use of ports. It is overseen by various standards organizations to ensure interoperability.
TCP/IP MODEL
TCP/IP MODEL VAISHNAVI SHIRPURKAR TCP/IP model with their 4 layer
1. Network access layer.
2. Internet layer
3. Transport layer
4. Application layer
and each layer has its own protocols.
Osi and tcp ip model
Osi and tcp ip modelMuhammad Nadeem Rana This document discusses communication models and standards. It provides an in-depth overview of the ISO-OSI 7-layer communication reference model, explaining each of the seven layers in detail. It also briefly explains the TCP/IP model and compares it to the ISO-OSI model. The document serves to explain the reference models and standards relevant for network communications.
TCP-IP Reference Model
TCP-IP Reference ModelMukesh Tekwani What is the TCP-IP reference model? Comparison with OSI Model. Functions of the various layers of TCP model. Connection-oriented and connectionless services.
Video on OSI Model is here: https://youtu.be/b-JU9aWdoP8
withe exam questions
Protocol Ppt[1]
Protocol Ppt[1]anil933 The document summarizes the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and their functions. It then explains that the TCP/IP protocol suite has five layers that correspond to the bottom four layers of the OSI model, with the top three OSI layers combined into a single application layer in TCP/IP. It also discusses the different types of addresses used in each layer, including physical, logical, and port addresses.
TCP/IP Protocols With All Layer Description
TCP/IP Protocols With All Layer DescriptionShubham Khedekar TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Presentation
TCP/IP Presentationeleinepagtakhan This document discusses the four layers of the TCP/IP model and how they coordinate with each other. It explains the processes of encapsulation and decapsulation as data moves between layers. Encapsulation involves each layer adding a header to data packets as they move down the stack, while decapsulation is the reverse process of removing headers as packets move up the stack at their destination. Figures and references are provided to illustrate these TCP/IP concepts.
Tcp
TcpSudhaa Ravi TCP/IP is a communication protocol suite that includes TCP, IP, and other protocols used to interconnect devices on the internet and private networks. TCP/IP functions as an abstraction layer and is divided into four layers: the application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and physical/link layer. The transport layer maintains end-to-end communications using TCP or UDP. The internet layer routes packets between networks using IP. The physical layer operates on a local link using protocols like Ethernet. Network devices can be assigned addresses statically, through configuration, or dynamically assigned by a server.
Tcp ip
Tcp ipDheeraj Sadawarte The document discusses the history and layers of the TCP/IP protocol model. It was created by the Department of Defense to build a network that could survive any conditions. The four layers are application, transport, internet, and network access. The application layer supports protocols for file transfer, email, and other applications. The transport layer provides end-to-end control and segmentation of data. The internet layer routes packets through the network using IP. The network access layer defines LAN and WAN technologies.
Network layer osi
Network layer osiNaresh Babu Merugu The document discusses the Network layer (OSI Layer 3) of the OSI model. It describes the key functions of the Network layer as addressing, encapsulation, routing, and decapsulation. It focuses on IPv4 as a common network layer protocol, outlining its characteristics of being connectionless, providing best effort service, and being media independent. It also describes IPv4 packet structure, including the header fields.
Tcp/ip model and protocol
Tcp/ip model and protocolLaxman Choudhary The document discusses the TCP/IP reference model, which consists of four independent layers - application, transport, internet, and link layer. It describes how each layer functions, with the application layer handling user interface, transport layer providing process-to-process communication, internet layer allowing devices to connect over networks, and link layer dealing with physical addressing and transmission. Key protocols like TCP, UDP, IP, and Ethernet are examined in their roles of providing reliable data transfer, multiplexing, routing, and physical connectivity between networked devices.
Role of OSI Layer when we open a webpage
Role of OSI Layer when we open a webpageB Shiv Shankar Our sessions are role of OSI layer when we open a webpage in a real world
When you are trying to open a web page on your PC this is what typically happens (I am just putting the basic concepts together for understanding, most of the steps below are much more elaborate, complicated and involves more devices, protocols & lot of other details than shown below)
Each slide explanation in brief : https://techsouljours.blogspot.in/2018/03/role-of-osi-layer-when-we-open-webpage.html
53426980 tcp-ip
53426980 tcp-ipSharan Huggi This document is a seminar report on TCP/IP submitted to Rajasthan Technical University. It begins with an acknowledgment thanking those who helped in preparing the report. The contents section provides an outline of the report, which includes an abstract, introduction to TCP/IP, basics of TCP/IP including its origin and functions, TCP/IP architecture describing how data flows through layers, acronyms of important terms, and a conclusion.
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet ProtocolWe Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
Similar to TCP/IP Protocal Suite (20)
IP Address
IP AddressSukhdeep Kaur IP is the protocol that governs how data is sent between devices on the internet. Each device has a unique IP address that is used to route data packets to the correct destination. IP addresses are numerical identifiers composed of four groups of numbers separated by periods. IP provides an unreliable connectionless delivery service and handles fragmentation of data into packets that may arrive out of order.
Report on ip addresses
Report on ip addressesAmandeep Kaur IP is the protocol that handles addressing and routing of data across the internet. Each device connected to the internet has a unique IP address that is used to identify it and route data to it. There are different classes of IP addresses that determine the number of devices that can be connected to a network. IP addresses are represented numerically in dot-decimal notation and newer versions of IP have expanded the available address space to meet growing internet demands.
Internet protocol
Internet protocolKollins Lolong 1. The Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for addressing hosts and routing packets across networks to allow communication between devices.
2. There are two main versions of IP - IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses to allow for more devices as the number connected to the internet grows exponentially.
3. TCP and UDP are protocols that operate at a higher layer than IP and provide different functions - TCP enables reliable transmission of data through sequencing and acknowledgment while UDP provides a basic transmission model without these features.
Automation and Robotics 20ME51I_Week_3_Practicals.pdf
Automation and Robotics 20ME51I_Week_3_Practicals.pdfGandhibabu8 1. The document discusses various methods of communication used in industrial automation systems, including serial communication, parallel communication, and common network protocols.
2. Serial communication transmits data one bit at a time over a single line, while parallel communication transmits multiple bits simultaneously over multiple lines, allowing for faster transfer rates.
3. Common industrial network protocols mentioned include Modbus, CAN bus, ControlNet, Ethernet/IP, and PROFIBUS, each having different characteristics regarding speed, topology, and application.
Tcp ip
Tcp ipPrincipal,Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Nagpur The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol stack and address resolution. It describes the five layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite - physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers. It also compares the TCP/IP and OSI models. Address resolution is explained, which is the process of mapping between Layer 3 network addresses and Layer 2 hardware addresses. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) allows hosts to dynamically discover the MAC address associated with a known IP address on the local network.
pppppppppppppppppjjjjjjjjjjjpppppppp.pptx
pppppppppppppppppjjjjjjjjjjjpppppppp.pptxzeyadosama505 The document discusses network reference models and the OSI and TCP/IP models. It provides details on each layer of the OSI model and its functions. The key points are that reference models divide network communication into simpler components, provide standardization, and prevent changes in one layer from affecting others. The OSI model has 7 layers and separates network functions into upper layers for applications and lower layers for data transmission. The TCP/IP model is based on widely used TCP and IP protocols.
TCP IP PowerPoint presentation download.
TCP IP PowerPoint presentation download.rp5373568 The document provides an overview of TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), which is the set of protocols used for communication on the internet and local area networks. It describes the layers of the TCP/IP model including the physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers. It also discusses TCP/IP addressing using IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, routing protocols, and the roles of core protocols like TCP, UDP, and IP in reliable data transmission.
TCP/IP Introduction
TCP/IP IntroductionDineesha Suraweera TCP/IP is a set of communication protocols that enable data transmission across networks and between devices. It involves two main protocols: TCP and IP. TCP establishes reliable connections and ensures reliable delivery of data packets. IP handles addressing, routing packets between networks, and fragmentation/reassembly of packets. Key features of TCP/IP include logical addressing, routability, name resolution, multiplexing, and interoperability. TCP/IP operates on four layers - network interface, internet, transport, and application - with each layer building on the services of the layer below.
tcp-iprefmodel.ppt SI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP M...
tcp-iprefmodel.ppt SI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP M...namrataparopate TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL
TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL
TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL
TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL PROTOCOL TCP/IP MODEL OSI/MODEL P
TCP Vs UDP 
TCP Vs UDP Ahmed Elnaggar TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols that package and deliver data between applications. TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery through connection establishment and packet sequencing. UDP provides faster, unreliable datagram delivery without connections. Common applications using TCP include HTTP, FTP, and SMTP. Common UDP applications include DNS, DHCP, and streaming media.
2010fall ch6 uugantsetseg
2010fall ch6 uugantsetsegBayarmaa GBayarmaa The document discusses data communication protocols, including the Open Systems Interconnect model and common protocols like Ethernet, TCP/IP, TCP, UDP, and IP. It provides details on each layer of the OSI model and what each protocol handles. Ethernet is described as having collisions when multiple nodes transmit simultaneously on a wired network. TCP/IP was developed for the Department of Defense and became the protocol suite of the Internet. TCP provides guaranteed delivery over IP. UDP is used for applications where delay needs to be minimal. IP routes packets through routers using addresses with four octets separated by dots.
Hardware9
Hardware9George Ranson TCP/IP is a set of communication protocols developed in the 1970s to connect dissimilar networks. It includes the two main protocols TCP and IP. TCP functions at the transport layer to provide reliable data transmission through connections. IP functions at the network layer to route packets by addressing each device with a unique IP address. TCP/IP is commonly used today and supports communication over the internet through protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.
Network Layer & Transport Layer
Network Layer & Transport LayerSweta Kumari Barnwal Introduction to the Network Layer: Network layer services, packet switching, network layer performance, IPv4 addressing, forwarding of IP packets, Internet Protocol, ICMPv4, Mobile IP Unicast Routing: Introduction, routing algorithms, unicast routing protocols. Next generation IP: IPv6 addressing, IPv6 protocol, ICMPv6 protocol, transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Introduction to the Transport Layer: Introduction, Transport layer protocols (Simple protocol, Stop-and-wait protocol, Go-Back-n protocol, Selective repeat protocol, Bidirectional protocols), Transport layer services, User datagram protocol, Transmission control protocol
Exploration network chapter_5_modified
Exploration network chapter_5_modifiedrajesh531 The document discusses the role and functions of the Network layer (OSI Layer 3) in data networks. It examines the Internet Protocol (IP) as the most widely used Network layer protocol. IP provides connectionless and best-effort delivery of data packets across networks. The document also discusses how networks are logically grouped and addressed in a hierarchical manner to allow communication between large numbers of devices across interconnected networks. Key concepts covered include addressing, routing, encapsulation, next hop forwarding, and the use of static and dynamic routing to build routing tables.
Lecture 2 -_understanding_networks_with_presenter_notes
Lecture 2 -_understanding_networks_with_presenter_notesSerious_SamSoul This document provides an overview of key network terminology and concepts, including:
- Network components like network interface cards, hubs, switches, and cables.
- Network protocols and how they allow different devices to communicate.
- Operating systems' role in managing network resources and enabling sharing.
- The OSI model and what each layer is responsible for in data transmission.
- Common network addressing schemes and protocols like IP, TCP, UDP, and IPv6.
Ccna introduction
Ccna introductionMukesh Gautam The document provides information about the CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification exam, including its introduction, syllabus, fees, number of questions, passing marks, and exam structure over two exams. It also includes summaries of the OSI reference model and TCP/IP model, which define standards for network communication and how data is packaged and transmitted between devices.
Implementation of IPSec VPN on Cisco routers and Configuring it on ISP. (1)
Implementation of IPSec VPN on Cisco routers and Configuring it on ISP. (1)Vanitha Joshi This document discusses implementing an IPsec VPN on Cisco routers and ISPs. It begins with introductions to TCP/IP concepts like layers, IP, and TCP. It then discusses existing VPN implementation methods and proposes using IPsec VPN. IPsec provides authentication and encryption of IP packets to secure communications. The document outlines the TCP/IP internet architecture including layers, IP, and protocols. It provides details on IP datagram format and fields. Finally, it discusses network topologies like bus, ring, and star, and components like hubs, switches, routers, and gateways.
Ad
More from Yohniki Gordon (7)
Carbon cycle
Carbon cycleYohniki Gordon The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon through Earth's atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living things. Carbon is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and enters the biosphere, and is released back into the atmosphere through respiration and decomposition. Burning fossil fuels has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, contributing to global climate change. The carbon cycle is essential for life and affects Earth's climate.
The OSI model and TCP/IP
The OSI model and TCP/IPYohniki Gordon This document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It begins by defining what a computer network is and distinguishing between local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It then introduces the OSI model, which describes how systems communicate over a network through seven layers of abstraction. The document discusses each of the seven layers and provides examples. It also categorizes different types of connecting devices like repeaters, bridges, switches, and routers, and notes which OSI layers each operates in.
Memory
MemoryYohniki Gordon This document provides an overview of Chapter 6 from the textbook "Psychology, Fourth Edition, Global Edition" by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. The chapter discusses memory, including the three processes of memory (encoding, storage, retrieval), different memory models, sensory memory, short-term memory and working memory, long-term memory types (declarative and nondeclarative), organization of memories, cues that help with remembering, and differences between recall and recognition. It also covers topics like eyewitness testimony reliability and how memories are formed and stored in the brain.
Stages of Development
Stages of DevelopmentYohniki Gordon 1. The first stage is infancy, from birth to 18 months, where the infant develops trust through consistent care from their mother. If care is unreliable, the infant will develop mistrust.
2. The second stage is the anal stage from 18 months to 3 years, where independence is encouraged through exploration but with limits. This helps develop self-control and self-esteem.
3. The third through seventh stages cover early childhood, latency, adolescence, and middle adulthood, focusing on play, skills development, identity formation, intimacy, and career respectively.
The OSI model
The OSI modelYohniki Gordon The OSI model defines a standard framework for how systems can communicate. It consists of 7 layers, with each layer performing a specific set of functions. Data moves down from the application layer at the top through lower layers, with each layer adding more packaging and addressing until it reaches the physical layer at the bottom for transmission. The layers are the application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical layers. Each layer only communicates directly with its corresponding layer on another system or device.
Psychology Presentation
Psychology PresentationYohniki Gordon This document discusses various topics in psychology including classical conditioning, social learning theory, nature vs nurture, and strategies for helping behaviors adapt. Classical conditioning involves learning through association, with three stages: before conditioning, during conditioning, and after conditioning. Social learning theory states that behavior is learned through observation and modeling important individuals. The debate around nature vs nurture has never been fully resolved as both genetics and environment influence behavior, but in complex ways. Psychologists believe punishment is generally ineffective for changing behavior as it does not address the root issues and can increase resistance. Positive reinforcement of desirable behaviors and understanding the functions of undesirable behaviors are better strategies.
Optical Storage
Optical StorageYohniki Gordon Optical storage uses light to read data stored on optical discs or memory cards. Common optical storage devices include CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray discs, HD DVDs, USB flash drives, memory cards, and smart cards. CDs hold around 800MB of read-only data, while DVDs and Blu-Ray discs can hold significantly more data up to 50GB in writable formats, using laser light of different wavelengths to read small pits in the disc's surface. Flash memory cards and drives store data electronically in non-volatile memory.
Ad
Recently uploaded (20)
pulse ppt.pptx Types of pulse , characteristics of pulse , Alteration of pulse
pulse ppt.pptx Types of pulse , characteristics of pulse , Alteration of pulsesushreesangita003 what is pulse ?
Purpose
physiology and Regulation of pulse
Characteristics of pulse
factors affecting pulse
Sites of pulse
Alteration of pulse
for BSC Nursing 1st semester
for Gnm Nursing 1st year
Students .
vitalsign
Presentation on Tourism Product Development By Md Shaifullar Rabbi
Presentation on Tourism Product Development By Md Shaifullar RabbiMd Shaifullar Rabbi Presentation on Tourism Product Development By Md Shaifullar Rabbi, Assistant Manager- SABRE Bangladesh.
How to Subscribe Newsletter From Odoo 18 Website
How to Subscribe Newsletter From Odoo 18 WebsiteCeline George Newsletter is a powerful tool that effectively manage the email marketing . It allows us to send professional looking HTML formatted emails. Under the Mailing Lists in Email Marketing we can find all the Newsletter.
Understanding P–N Junction Semiconductors: A Beginner’s Guide
Understanding P–N Junction Semiconductors: A Beginner’s GuideGS Virdi Dive into the fundamentals of P–N junctions, the heart of every diode and semiconductor device. In this concise presentation, Dr. G.S. Virdi (Former Chief Scientist, CSIR-CEERI Pilani) covers:
What Is a P–N Junction? Learn how P-type and N-type materials join to create a diode.
Depletion Region & Biasing: See how forward and reverse bias shape the voltage–current behavior.
V–I Characteristics: Understand the curve that defines diode operation.
Real-World Uses: Discover common applications in rectifiers, signal clipping, and more.
Ideal for electronics students, hobbyists, and engineers seeking a clear, practical introduction to P–N junction semiconductors.
Marie Boran Special Collections Librarian Hardiman Library, University of Gal...
Marie Boran Special Collections Librarian Hardiman Library, University of Gal...Library Association of Ireland Phoenix – A Collaborative Renewal of Children’s and Young People’s Services Clare Doyle - Cork City Libraries
Multi-currency in odoo accounting and Update exchange rates automatically in ...
Multi-currency in odoo accounting and Update exchange rates automatically in ...Celine George Most business transactions use the currencies of several countries for financial operations. For global transactions, multi-currency management is essential for enabling international trade.
K12 Tableau Tuesday - Algebra Equity and Access in Atlanta Public Schools
K12 Tableau Tuesday - Algebra Equity and Access in Atlanta Public Schoolsdogden2 Algebra 1 is often described as a “gateway” class, a pivotal moment that can shape the rest of a student’s K–12 education. Early access is key: successfully completing Algebra 1 in middle school allows students to complete advanced math and science coursework in high school, which research shows lead to higher wages and lower rates of unemployment in adulthood.
Learn how The Atlanta Public Schools is using their data to create a more equitable enrollment in middle school Algebra classes.
YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles Outbreak Southwest US 4-30-2025.pptx
YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles Outbreak Southwest US 4-30-2025.pptxYale School of Public Health - The Virtual Medical Operations Center (VMOC) A measles outbreak originating in West Texas has been linked to confirmed cases in New Mexico, with additional cases reported in Oklahoma and Kansas. The current case count is 795 from Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Kansas. 95 individuals have required hospitalization, and 3 deaths, 2 children in Texas and one adult in New Mexico. These fatalities mark the first measles-related deaths in the United States since 2015 and the first pediatric measles death since 2003.
The YSPH Virtual Medical Operations Center Briefs (VMOC) were created as a service-learning project by faculty and graduate students at the Yale School of Public Health in response to the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. Each year, the VMOC Briefs are produced by students enrolled in Environmental Health Science Course 581 - Public Health Emergencies: Disaster Planning and Response. These briefs compile diverse information sources – including status reports, maps, news articles, and web content– into a single, easily digestible document that can be widely shared and used interactively. Key features of this report include:
- Comprehensive Overview: Provides situation updates, maps, relevant news, and web resources.
- Accessibility: Designed for easy reading, wide distribution, and interactive use.
- Collaboration: The “unlocked" format enables other responders to share, copy, and adapt seamlessly. The students learn by doing, quickly discovering how and where to find critical information and presenting it in an easily understood manner.
Exploring-Substances-Acidic-Basic-and-Neutral.pdf
Exploring-Substances-Acidic-Basic-and-Neutral.pdfSandeep Swamy Exploring Substances:
Acidic, Basic, and
Neutral
Welcome to the fascinating world of acids and bases! Join siblings Ashwin and
Keerthi as they explore the colorful world of substances at their school's
National Science Day fair. Their adventure begins with a mysterious white paper
that reveals hidden messages when sprayed with a special liquid.
In this presentation, we'll discover how different substances can be classified as
acidic, basic, or neutral. We'll explore natural indicators like litmus, red rose
extract, and turmeric that help us identify these substances through color
changes. We'll also learn about neutralization reactions and their applications in
our daily lives.
by sandeep swamy
SCI BIZ TECH QUIZ (OPEN) PRELIMS XTASY 2025.pptx
SCI BIZ TECH QUIZ (OPEN) PRELIMS XTASY 2025.pptxRonisha Das SCI BIZ TECH QUIZ (OPEN) PRELIMS - XTASY 2025
Odoo Inventory Rules and Routes v17 - Odoo Slides
Odoo Inventory Rules and Routes v17 - Odoo SlidesCeline George Odoo's inventory management system is highly flexible and powerful, allowing businesses to efficiently manage their stock operations through the use of Rules and Routes.
How to Manage Opening & Closing Controls in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Opening & Closing Controls in Odoo 17 POSCeline George In Odoo 17 Point of Sale, the opening and closing controls are key for cash management. At the start of a shift, cashiers log in and enter the starting cash amount, marking the beginning of financial tracking. Throughout the shift, every transaction is recorded, creating an audit trail.
One Hot encoding a revolution in Machine learning
One Hot encoding a revolution in Machine learningmomer9505 A brief introduction to ONE HOT encoding a way to communicate with machines
How to Set warnings for invoicing specific customers in odoo
How to Set warnings for invoicing specific customers in odooCeline George Odoo 16 offers a powerful platform for managing sales documents and invoicing efficiently. One of its standout features is the ability to set warnings and block messages for specific customers during the invoicing process.
Political History of Pala dynasty Pala Rulers NEP.pptx
Political History of Pala dynasty Pala Rulers NEP.pptxArya Mahila P. G. College, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The Pala kings were people-protectors. In fact, Gopal was elected to the throne only to end Matsya Nyaya. Bhagalpur Abhiledh states that Dharmapala imposed only fair taxes on the people. Rampala abolished the unjust taxes imposed by Bhima. The Pala rulers were lovers of learning. Vikramshila University was established by Dharmapala. He opened 50 other learning centers. A famous Buddhist scholar named Haribhadra was to be present in his court. Devpala appointed another Buddhist scholar named Veerdeva as the vice president of Nalanda Vihar. Among other scholars of this period, Sandhyakar Nandi, Chakrapani Dutta and Vajradatta are especially famous. Sandhyakar Nandi wrote the famous poem of this period 'Ramcharit'.
LDMMIA Reiki Master Spring 2025 Mini Updates
LDMMIA Reiki Master Spring 2025 Mini UpdatesLDM Mia eStudios As of Mid to April Ending, I am building a new Reiki-Yoga Series. No worries, they are free workshops. So far, I have 3 presentations so its a gradual process. If interested visit: https://www.slideshare.net/YogaPrincess
https://ldmchapels.weebly.com
Blessings and Happy Spring. We are hitting Mid Season.
The ever evoilving world of science /7th class science curiosity /samyans aca...
The ever evoilving world of science /7th class science curiosity /samyans aca...Sandeep Swamy The Ever-Evolving World of
Science
Welcome to Grade 7 Science4not just a textbook with facts, but an invitation to
question, experiment, and explore the beautiful world we live in. From tiny cells
inside a leaf to the movement of celestial bodies, from household materials to
underground water flows, this journey will challenge your thinking and expand
your knowledge.
Notice something special about this book? The page numbers follow the playful
flight of a butterfly and a soaring paper plane! Just as these objects take flight,
learning soars when curiosity leads the way. Simple observations, like paper
planes, have inspired scientific explorations throughout history.
Marie Boran Special Collections Librarian Hardiman Library, University of Gal...
Marie Boran Special Collections Librarian Hardiman Library, University of Gal...Library Association of Ireland
YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles Outbreak Southwest US 4-30-2025.pptx
YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles Outbreak Southwest US 4-30-2025.pptxYale School of Public Health - The Virtual Medical Operations Center (VMOC)
Political History of Pala dynasty Pala Rulers NEP.pptx
Political History of Pala dynasty Pala Rulers NEP.pptxArya Mahila P. G. College, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
TCP/IP Protocal Suite
- 1. TCP/IP – 5 layers Data link Provides physical standards, network interface, inter networking and transport functions. Network Transport Application TCP/IP Hierarchical protocol made up of interactive modules. Each modules provides specific functionality but they are not necessarily independent. Each layer contain relatively independent protocol that can be mixed & matched depending on needs of the system. TCP/IP and the OSI Model. In 1969 a project was funded by the advance research project agency (ARPA), an arm of the US department of defense. ARPA established a packet switching network called ARPA net. The conventions developed by ARPA to specify how individual computers could communicate across the network became TCP/IP. Encapsulation and TCP/IP
- 2. The data unit created at the application layer is called a message. TCP or UDP create a data unit that is called either a segment or a user datagram. The IP layer in turn will create a data unit called a datagram. The movement of the datagram across the internet is the responsibility of the TCP/IP protocol. To do so the datagram must be encapsulated in a frame in the data link layer of the underlying network and finally transmitted as a signal along the underlying layer. At the network layer. TCP/IP supports the inter-networking protocol. IP intern supports four network protocol; IG MP, ARP, RARP. IP is the transmission mechanism used by the TCP/IP protocol. It is an unreliable connectionless datagram protocol that provide no error checking or tracking. It assumes the unreliability of the underlying layer and does its best to get a transmission through to its destination but with no guarantees (Best effort delivery service). If reliability is important IP must be paired protocol such as TCP. IP transport data in packets called datagram each of which is transported separately. Datagram may travel along different routes and arrive out of sequence or duplicated. Packets in the IP layer are called datagram. A datagram is a variable length packet up to 65,536 bytes consisting of two (2) parts Header and Data. The header can be from 20 to 60 bytes and contains information essential to routing and delivering. It is customary for TCP/IP to show the header in four byte sections. Some headers include: 1. Header length 2. Version – Gives IP version 3. Service type 4. Total length 5. Identification 6. Source Address 7. Destination Address 8. Options Addressing In addition to the physical address that identify individual devices the internet requires an addition addressing convention which is an address that identify the connection of a host to it network. A host in TCP/IP is a computer. Each internet address consist of four bytes (32 Bits) defining three (3) fields. The three fields are: 1. Class type 2. Net ID 3. Host ID These parts are of varying length depending on the class of the address.