Test bank for fundamentals of anatomy physiology 8th edition by frederic h martini judi l nath-1-50.pdf

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Page 1
Test Bank Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e, Mart
Test Bank For Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology,
11th Edition by Frederic H Martini
Chapters 1 - 29

IF ANY COMMENTS OR IN NEED OFOTHER STUDY MATERIALS CLICK HERE

Chapter 1 An Introductiongsto Anatomy and Physiology
Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11thgsEdition
MultipleChoiceQuestions
1) The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called
A) cytology.
B) histology.
C) embryology.
D) physiology.
E) anatomy.
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
2) The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called anatomy.
A) gross
B) surface
C) systemic
D) regional
E) surgicalg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
3) The study of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body is called anatomy.
A) surface
B) regional
C) surgical
D) pathological
E) radiographicg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
4) Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in anatomy.
A) gross
B) surface
C) microscopic
D) pathological
E) regionalg
s
ANSWER:
D
Diff: 1
5) The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of the liver cell is to
A) physiology.
B) regional anatomy.
C) cytology.
D) systemic anatomy.
E) radiographic anatomy

.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1

6) The study of the first two months of development is termed
A) histology.
B) embryology.
C) cytology.
D) pathology.
E) organology.
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
7) The study of the function of specific organ systems is called
A) systemic physiology.
B) organ physiology.
C) cell physiology.
D) pathological physiology.
E) histology.
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
8) Cardiovascular physiology is an example of
A) histophysiology.
B) organ physiology.
C) systemic physiology.
D) pathological physiology.
E) physiologicalchemistry.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
9) Which of the following is arranged ings correct order from the most COMPLEX to the SIMPLEST?
A) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism
B) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
C) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism
D) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system
E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecul
arg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
10) Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?
A) integumentary
B) muscular
C) skeletal
D) nervous
E) endocrineg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1

11) Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
A) cardiovascular
B) digestive
C) muscular
D) respiratory
E) urinary
ANSWER:
A
Diff: 2
12) Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?
A) digestive
B) endocrine
C) nervous
D) cardiovascular
E) lymphaticg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2
13) The kidneys and ureters are organs of the system.
A) endocrine
B) digestive
C) respiratory
D) urinary
E) lymphaticg
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
14) The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the system.
A) endocrine
B) cardiovascular
C) respiratory
D) lymphatic
E) digestiveg
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
15) Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?
A) cardiovascular
B) lymphatic
C) respiratory
D) digestive
E) endocrineg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1

16) Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the system.
A) lymphatic
B) urinary
C) digestive
D) cardiovascular
E) both B and
Dg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
17) Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the system.
A) skeletal
B) muscular
C) integumentary
D) endocrine
E) bothgsA and
Bg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
18) The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed
A) positive feedback.
B) homeostasis.
C) negative feedback.
D) effector control.
E) integration.
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
19) When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the b
odytemperature. This is an example of
A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) nonhomeostatic regulation.
D) diagnostic regulation.
E) fever.g
s
ANSWER:
A
Diff: 1
20) In general, the nervous system does each of the following, except
A) helps to maintain homeostasis.
B) responds rapidly to change.
C) directs long-term responses to change.
D) directs very specific responses.
E) bothgsB and
Dg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1

21) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?
A) releases chemical messengers called hormones
B) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system
C) produces effects that last for days or longer
D) produces angseffect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time
E) important homeostatic syste
mg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
22) A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the
A) supine position.
B) prone position.
C) anatomical position.
D) frontal position.
E) sagittal position
.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
23) An anatomical term that means the same as ventral:
A) posterior
B) inferior
C) abdominal
D) anterior
E) superior
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
24) The heart is to the lungs.
A) lateral
B) medial
C) posterior
D) proximal
E) distalg
s
ANSWER:
B
Diff: 1
25) The wrist is to the elbow.
A) proximal
B) distal
C) lateral
D) medial
E) horizontalg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1

26) The chingsis to the nose.
A) anterior
B) superior
C) posterior
D) inferior
E) medialg
s
ANSWER:
D
Diff: 1
27) Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?
A) pelvic
B) cephalic
C) gluteal
D) lumbar
E) thoracicg
s
ANSWER:
C
Diff: 1
28) Which of the following terms refers to the foot?
A) cervical
B) brachial
C) antebrachial
D) femoral
E) pedalg
s
ANSWER:
E
Diff: 1
29) Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
A) proximal
B) frontal
C) orthogonal
D) transverse
E) sagittalg
s
ANSWER:
E
Diff: 1
30) The muscle known as the diaphragm separates the from the .
A) pleural cavity; mediastinum
B) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
C) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity
D) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
E) pericardial sac; pericardial cavit
yg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1

31) The thoracic cavity contains the
A) coelom.
B) pericardial cavity.
C) pelvic cavity.
D) pleural cavities.
E) both B and
Dg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
32) A midsagittal section would pass through the
A) kidney.
B) lung.
C) heart.
D) spleen.
E) leg.
ANSWER:
C
Diff: 2
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
33) The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the
A) pericardium.
B) peritoneum.
C) pleura.
D) mediastinum.
E) abdomen.
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
34) Mary, who is 6 months pregnant, goes to her physician for a test to checkgs the development of her fetus. T
he physician uses a device that emits sound waves to produce an image of the fetus. This technique is kn
own as
A) X-ray.
B) CT.
C) MRI.
D) ultrasound.
E) radiography.
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
35) Angsimaging technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to produce views inside the body is the
A) angiogram.
B) radiograph.
C) CT scan.
D) MRI scan.
E) ultrasound.
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1

36) If a response decreases a disturbance, the system is classified as a feedback system.
A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positive
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
37) If a response increases a disturbance, the system is classified as a feedback system.
A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positiveg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
38) Which of the following organs is located between the peritoneum and the body wall?
A) stomach
B) kidney
C) urinary bladder
D) large intestine
E) spleeng
s
ANSWER:
B
Diff: 2
39) Anatomy is to as physiology is to .
A) function; form
B) form; structure
C) structure; function
D) structure; form
E) growth; for
mg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2
40) The central principle of physiology is
A) nutrition.
B) reflexes.
C) homeostasis.
D) stimulation.
E) temperatureregulation.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2

41) Angs example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be
A) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.
B) sweat glands that increase secretion.
C) regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.
D) effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate.
E) sweat glands that act like effector
s.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
42) The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the
A) hypothalamus.
B) skin.
C) temperature sensor.
D) positive feedback center.
E) thermostat.
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
43) A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)
A) receptor.
B) thermoregulator.
C) hypothalamus.
D) effector.
E) stimulus.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
44) This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.
A) negative
B) positive
C) neutral
D) depressing
E) all of the abov
eg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
45) Organ physiology is to as gross anatomy is to .
A) cell physiology; microscopic anatomy
B) macroscopic anatomy; unbalance
C) equilibrium; macroscopic anatomy
D) balance; equilibrium
E) imbalance; microscopic anatom
yg
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2

46) The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except
A) right upper quadrant (RUQ).
B) right lower quadrant (RLQ).
C) left upper quadrant (LUQ).
D) left lower quadrant (LLQ).
E) pelvic quadrant
.g
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
47) Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?
A) right hypochondriac
B) right inguinal region
C) left lumbar
D) left hypochondriac
E) upper
ANSWER:g
E
Diff: 1
48) Identify a structure located within the mediastinum.
A) pericardial sac
B) small intestine
C) lung
D) spleen
E) stomachg
s
ANSWER:
A
Diff: 1
49) A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the position.
A) prone
B) supine
C) anatomical
D) dorsal
E) caudalg
s
ANSWER:
B
Diff: 2
50) The right pleural cavity contains the
A) heart.
B) trachea.
C) left lung.
D) right lung.
E) both lungs
.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1

51) Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity?
A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) ovary
D) spleen
E) pancreasg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2
52) Visceral pericardium is located
A) on the heart itself.
B) lining the pleural cavity.
C) lining the pericardial cavity.
D) on the lung itself.
E) lining the peritoneal cavit
y.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
53) The mediastinum
A) contains the pleural cavities.
B) separates the pleural cavities.
C) contains the pericardial cavity.
D) both A and C
E) bothgsB and
Cg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2
54) is considered the oldest medical science.
A) Anatomy
B) Biology
C) Physiology
D) Cytology
E) Embryology
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
55) Identify the correctly spelled term describing the organ that separates the ventral body cavity into superior
andg
s
inferior cavities.
A) mediastinum
B) mediastienum
C) diaphragm
D) diafragm
E) diaphramg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2

56) Terms of anatomical directiongs are used to describe
A) one body part in relation to another.
B) surgical procedures.
C) a supine position.
D) the nervous system.
E) living matter.
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
57) The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the
A) pelvic and thoracic.
B) cranial and sacral.
C) lateral and medial.
D) thoracic and abdominopelvic.
E) dorsal and ventral
.
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
58) The urinary bladder is found in the quadrant and the quadrant.
A) right upper; right lower
B) left upper; left lower
C) right upper; right lower
D) left upper; right upper
E) right lower; left lowe
rg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2
59) The liver is primarily located in the quadrant.
A) right upper
B) left upper
C) right lower
D) left lower
E) hepaticg
s
ANSWER:
A
Diff: 2
60) While standing erect, the direction of caudal is
A) upward.
B) downward.
C) laterally.
D) medially.
E) none of these.
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1

61) While standing in the anatomical position,
A) front refers to anterior.
B) front refers to ventral.
C) back refers to posterior.
D) back refers to dorsal.
E) all of the abov
eg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2
62) A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause o
ther tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
A) all organisms are composed of cells.
B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C) chemical molecules make up cells.
D) blood has magical properties.
E) congenital defects can be life-
threatening.g
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 3
Short Answer Questions
1) The branchgsof biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the phy
sicalg
s
relationship among body parts is called .
ANSWER: anatomy
Diff: 1
2) The branchgsof biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital funct
ionsg
s
is called .
ANSWER: physiology
Diff: 1
3) The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called
.g
s
ANSWER: homeostasis
Diff: 1
4) Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n)
that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n)
whose activity has an effect on the sameg
s
stimulus.
ANSWER: receptor; integrating center; effector
Diff: 2
5)
regulation occurs when the activities of organs are regulated locally.g
s
ANSW
ER: Intrinsic
Diff: 2

6)
regulation results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system.g
s
ANSW
ER: Extrinsic
Diff: 1
7) Anatomy uses a special language, called
, that involves the use of word roots, prefixes, suffixes, andg
s
combining forms to construct terms related to
the body in health and disease.
ANSWER: medical terminology
Diff: 1
8) When homeostatic mechanisms fail, an individual will experience the symptoms of
.g
s
ANSWER: disease
Diff: 1
9) A persongs lying face down is in the
position.g
s
ANSWER: prone
Diff: 1
10) The
serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary.g
s
ANSWER:g
Terminologia Anatomica
Diff: 2
11) A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n)
section.g
s
ANSWER: parasagittal
Diff: 2
12)
studies the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity.g
s
ANS
WER: Developmental anatomy
Diff: 2
13) The common term for the buccal region is the
.g
s
ANSWER: cheek
Diff: 1
14) The commongs term for the carpal region is the
.g
s
ANSWER: wrist
Diff: 1
15) The common name for the pollex is the
.g s
ANSWER: thumb
Diff: 2

16) The common name for the patella is the
.g
s
ANSWER: kneecap
Diff: 1
EssayQuestions
1) Name the organs found in the thoracic cavity.
ANSWER: lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, major blood vessels connected to the heart
Diff: 2
2) Name the two upper abdominal quadrants and list the organs that lie in each.
ANSWER: right upper quadrant (RUQ): right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of stomach, larg
e andg
s
small intestines; left upper quadrant (LUQ): left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney,
spleen, portions of large intestine
Diff: 1
3) What is homeostatic regulation, and what is its physiological importance?
ANSWER: Homeostatic regulation refers to adjustments in physiological systems that are responsible for the prese
rvation of a constant internal environment. This provides a favorable environment for the body'sg
s
cells
.
Diff: 3
4) During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. The initial response that increases blood flow i
s automatic and independent of the nervous and endocrine systems. Which type of homeostatic regulat
ion isg
s
this? Why?
ANSWER: The initial increase in blood flow to active muscles is an example of autoregulation. For example,
whengsoxygen levels decline in a tissue, the cells release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels. This
dilation increases the rate of blood flow and provides more oxygen to the region evengs before respo
nses from thenervous or endocrine system take place. Autoregulation does not require the nervous or e
ndocrine system.
Diff: 3
Skill: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications

Chapter 2 The Chemical Level of Organization
1) The smallest stable units of matter are
A) atoms.
B) molecules.
C) protons.
D) neutrons.
E) electrons.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
2) The "atomic number" of an atom is determined by the number of it has.
A) electrons
B) protons
C) neutrons
D) protons + neutrons
E) protons + electron
sg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
3) Isotopes of an element differ in the number of
A) protons in the nucleus.
B) electrons in the nucleus.
C) neutrons in the nucleus.
D) electron clouds.
E) electrons in energy shells
.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
4) The mass number represents the number of
A) protons in angsatom.
B) electrons in an ion.
C) neutrons in an atom.
D) protons + neutrons.
E) neutrons + electrons
.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
5) The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to electrons.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 8 A
NSWER:
B
Diff: 2

6) The "atomic weight" of an atom reflects the average number of
A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
E) protons + neutrons + electrons.g
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
7) Radioisotopes have unstable
A) ions.
B) nuclei.
C) isotopes.
D) electron clouds.
E) protons.g
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
8) The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by
A) the number of protons.
B) the number of neutrons.
C) the outermost electron shell.
D) the size of the atom.
E) the mass of the nucleu
s.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
9) Ions with a + charge are called
A) cations.
B) anions.
C) radicals.
D) positrons.
E) isotopes.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
10) The weakest bond between two atoms is the bond.
A) ionic
B) covalent
C) polar
D) nonpolar
E) hydrogeng
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2

11) Ionic bonds are formed when
A) atoms share electrons.
B) electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
C) a pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms.
D) hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms.
E) two or more atoms lose electrons at the same tim
e.g
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
12) In a molecule of nitrogen, three pairs of electrons are shared by two nitrogen atoms. The type of bond th
at is formed is an example of a(n)
A) single trivalent bond.
B) double divalent bond.
C) triple covalent bond.
D) polar covalent bond.
E) hydrogen bond.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
13) If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a(n) occurs.
A) single covalent bond
B) double covalent bond
C) triple covalent bond
D) polar covalent bond
E) hydrogen bondg
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
14) Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons
A) will form many compounds.
B) will normally form anions.
C) will normally form cations.
D) frequently form hydrogen bonds.
E) are inert gases
.g
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
15) Which one of the following statements is not correct about the reaction H2 + Cl2 - 2 HCl?
A) H2 and Cl2 are the reactants.
B) HCl is the product.
C) One molecule of hydrogen contains two atoms.
D) Two molecules of HCl are formed in the reaction.
E) This reaction is easily reversibl
e.g
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2

16) AB - A + B is to decomposition as A + B - AB is to
A) exchange.
B) synthesis.
C) combustion.
D) replacement.
E) metabolism.
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
17) The reaction N2 + 3 H2 - 2 NH3 is an example of a(n)
A) exchange reaction.
B) decomposition reaction.
C) synthesis reaction.
D) enzyme reaction.
E) metabolic reaction
.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
18) The reactiongsA + B + energy - AB is angsexample of a(n)
A) exergonic reaction.
B) endergonic reaction.
C) equilibrium reaction.
D) decomposition reaction.
E) exchange reaction
.
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
19) Chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be
A) endergonic.
B) activated.
C) exergonic.
D) neutral.
E) thermonuclear.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
20) All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they
A) are proteins.
B) function as biological catalysts.
C) lower the activation energy required for a reaction.
D) affect only the rate of a chemical reaction.
E) are consumed during the reactio
n.g
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1

21) Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the sites.
A) amino
B) active
C) carboxyl
D) reactant
E) neutralg
s
ANSWER:
B
Diff: 1
22) Compounds that can be synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside the body are called
A) inorganic compounds.
B) organic compounds.
C) nutrients.
D) metabolites.
E) enzymes.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
23) Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound, except
A) water.
B) acids.
C) bases.
D) salts.
E) rocks.g
s
ANSWER:
E
Diff: 1
24) Which of the following statements about water is not correct?
A) is composed of polar molecules
B) is responsible for much of the mass of the human body
C) has a relatively low heat capacity
D) can dissolve many substances
E) contains hydrogen bond
sg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
25) During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions. These
ionsg
s
cangscarry a current and so are called
A) cations.
B) anions.
C) acids.
D) electrolytes.
E) counterions.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1

26) Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by
A) heat capacity of water.
B) hydration spheres.
C) water's nonpolar nature.
D) free radicals.
E) hydrogen bonding
.
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
27) A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is
A) acidic.
B) basic.
C) neutral.
D) alkaline.
E) in equilibrium.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
28) Which of the following substances would be most acidic?
A) lemon juice, pH = 2
B) urine, pH = 6
C) tomato juice, pH = 4
D) white wine, pH = 3
E) stomach secretions, pH =
1g
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
29) If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is
A) neutral.
B) acidic.
C) alkaline.
D) a buffer.
E) a salt
.g
s
ANSWER
: C
Diff: 1
30) An important buffer in body fluids is
A) NaCl.
B) NaOH.
C) HCl.
D) NaHCO3.
E) H2O.
ANSWER:g
D
Diff: 1

31) In the body, inorganic compounds
A) can serve as buffers.
B) can make up proteins.
C) may be held together by ionic bonds.
D) are structural components of cells.
E) both A and
Cg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
32) In chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ means .
A) two calcium atoms
B) a calciumgsion that has lost two electrons
C) a calcium ion that has gained two protons
D) a calcium ion that has gained two electrons
E) a calcium ion that has lost two proto
nsg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 2
33) Carbohydrate molecules
A) are the building blocks of cellular membranes.
B) form the regulatory molecules known as enzymes.
C) are the body's most readily available source of energy.
D) are composed of C, H, O, and N atoms.
E) contain the genetic information found in cel
ls.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
34) The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is
A) sucrose.
B) caffeine.
C) protein.
D) vitamins.
E) glucose.
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
35) Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called
A) isotopes.
B) isomers.
C) isozymes.
D) isotypes.
E) isomoles.g
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1

36) A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is
A) lactose.
B) cellulose.
C) glycogen.
D) sucrose.
E) fructose.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
37) The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as a
A) carbohydrate.
B) lipid.
C) protein.
D) nucleic acid.
E) either A or
Bg
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
38) Lipids
A) form essential structural components of cells.
B) provide roughly twice the energy as carbohydrates.
C) help to maintain body temperature.
D) cushion organs against shocks.
E) all of the abov
eg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
39) A fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds is said to be
A) saturated.
B) monounsaturated.
C) polyunsaturated.
D) hydrogenated.
E) carboxylated.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
40) Most of the fat found in the humangsbody is ingsthe form of
A) cholesterol.
B) phospholipids.
C) triglycerides.
D) prostaglandins.
E) monoglycerides.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1

41) Lipids that are produced by nearly every tissue in the body and that act as local regulators of metabolism
are the
A) prostaglandins.
B) steroids.
C) monoglycerides.
D) phospholipids.
E) glycolipids.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
42) Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of
A) dietary fats.
B) prostaglandins.
C) structural lipids.
D) lipid drugs.
E) steroids.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
43) You would expect a peptide bond to link
A) two simple sugars.
B) two amino acids.
C) two nucleotides.
D) a sugar and a peptide.
E) a peptide and a fatty aci
d.g
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
44) Each amino acid differs from another in the
A) number of central carbon atoms.
B) size of the amino group.
C) number of carboxyl groups.
D) nature of the side chain.
E) number of peptide bonds in the molecul
e.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
45) The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of protein structure.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) pentanary
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1

46) Interaction between individual polypeptide chains to form a protein complex is structure.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) pentagonalg
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 2
47) Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are combinations of amino acids and
A) carbohydrates.
B) fatty acids.
C) lipids.
D) nucleic acids.
E) none of the abov
eg
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
48) Molecules that store and process genetic information are the
A) proteins.
B) nucleic acids.
C) carbohydrates.
D) lipids.
E) steroids.
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
49) Angs amino acid is to a protein as is to agsnucleic acid.
A) a purine
B) a nucleotide
C) a protein
D) a proton
E) a neutrong
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
50) A nucleotide consists of
A) a five-carbon sugar and phosphate group.
B) a five-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base.
C) a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
D) a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
E) a five-
carbon sugar and an amino acid.g
s
ANSWER
: D
Diff: 2

51) According to the rules of complementary base pairing in nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base
A) thymine.
B) adenine.
C) uracil.
D) cytosine.
E) guanine.
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
52) The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is
A) DNA.
B) adenosine diphosphate.
C) adenosine monophosphate.
D) adenosine triphosphate.
E) RNA.
ANSWER:
D
Diff: 1
53) A high-energy bond in ATP is present
A) between adenine and ribose.
B) between adenine and a phosphate group.
C) between the first and second phosphate group.
D) between the second and third phosphate group.
E) bothgsC and
Dg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2
54) When atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons, they form
A) ionic bonds.
B) covalent bonds.
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) anions.
E) cations.g
s
ANSWER:
B
Diff: 1
55) Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with
A) lipid molecules.
B) hydrophobic molecules.
C) water molecules.
D) both A and B
E) all of the abov
eg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2

56) Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are classified as
A) organic molecules.
B) inorganic molecules.
C) acids.
D) salts.
E) bases.
ANSWER:
A
Diff: 1
57) If an isotope of oxygengshas 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass numbe
r is A) 26.
B) 16.
C) 18.
D) 8.
E) 12.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2
58) Of the following choices, the pH of the least acidic solution
isg
s
A) 6.0.
B) 4.5.
C) 2.3.
D) 1.0.
E) 12.0.
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2
59) Which of the following is the symbol for an amino group?
A) –COOH
B) –PO3
C) –NH2
D) –AMO
E) –
OHg
s
ANS
WER:gsC
Diff: 2
60) Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus?
A) helium
B) neon
C) argon
D) hydrogen
E) none of the abov
eg
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 2

61) Identify which of the following is both an anion and a compound:
A) Na+
B) Cl-
C) K+
D) HCO3-
E) NaClg
s
ANSWER:g
D
Diff: 2
62) Which of the following is not a cation?
A) Na+
B) Cl-
C) K+
D) Ca2+
E) Mg2+
ANSWER:g
B
Diff: 1
63) A dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates
A) surface tension.
B) chemical tension.
C) static electricity.
D) heat capacity.
E) hydrophilic attraction
.
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
64) Angsexample of an organic substance is
A) sucrose.
B) carbonic acid.
C) sodium chloride.
D) oxygen.
E) nitricoxide.
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
65) Angsexample of angs inorganic substance is
A) fructose.
B) water.
C) glycerol.
D) carbon dioxide.
E) bothgsB and
Dg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2

66) In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with
A) hydrogen, causing decomposition.
B) glucose, causing decomposition.
C) water, causing decomposition.
D) carbon, causing decomposition.
E) water, causing synthesis
.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2
67) In dehydration reactions, compounds
A) lose water molecules.
B) gain water molecules.
C) convert water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen.
D) convert hydrogen and oxygen to water.
E) gain electrons.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
68) Which property of water helps keep body temperature stabilized?
A) kinetic energy
B) lubrication
C) surface tension
D) reactivity
E) thermal inertiag
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
69) The mass of an atom is largely determined by the number of it has.
A) electrons
B) protons
C) neutrons
D) protons + neutrons
E) protons + electron
sg
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
70) In an aqueous solution, cations are attracted toward
A) water.
B) salt.
C) buffers.
D) anions.
E) hydrogen ions.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1

71) In an aqueous solution, sodium ions would move toward
A) a negative terminal.
B) a positive terminal.
C) a pH terminal.
D) an organic terminal.
E) the bottom.
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
72) The chemical notation that indicates concentration is represented
asg
s
A) ().
B) <>.
C) [ ].
D) {}.
E) ||.
ANSWER:
C
Diff: 1
73) Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a p
H of 4?
A) A pH of 4 is greater.
B) A pH of 5 is greater.
C) They are both equal; 4 and 5 are relative values.
D) pH 9, if you mixed the solutions .
E) Not enough information to sa
y.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
74) Of the list below, which has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions?
A) pH 1
B) pHgs14
C) pH 7
D) pHgs10
E) pHgs
2g
s
ANSWE
R:gsB
Diff: 2
75) Which pH is closest to normal body pH?
A) pH 7
B) pH 8
C) pH 4
D) pH 3
E) pH 2g
s
ANSWER:g
A
Diff: 2

76) A functional group is best described as reoccurring clusters of
A) elements that occur in a salt.
B) atoms that greatly influence the chemical properties of molecules they are part of.
C) atoms that function in the body.
D) elements that formgsat high pH.
E) amino acids in a globular protei
n.g
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 2
77) A side chain on an amino acid is sometimes called .
A) fibrous or globular.
B) a polypeptide chain.
C) an R group.
D) an isozyme.
E) nucleic acid.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2
78) Which of the following is/are needed to form a triglyceride molecule?
A) 3 glycerol molecules
B) 1 glycerol molecule
C) 3 fatty acid molecules
D) bothgsA and C
E) bothgsB and
Cg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2
79) The term means each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction.
A) saturation
B) specificity
C) inertia
D) activation
E) monoreactiveg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 2
80) The maximum rate of an enzyme reactiongsoccurs at
A) dehydration.
B) hydrolysis.
C) synthesis.
D) reversible.
E) saturation limit.g
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2

81) The average time between synthesis and breakdown is known as the time.
A) metabolism
B) anabolism
C) catabolism
D) specificity
E) turnover
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2
82) Continuous breakdown and replacement of cellular molecules is termed
A) metabolism.
B) metabolic turnover.
C) anabolic turnover.
D) catabolic turnover.
E) bothgsA and
Cg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 2
83) Identify the product formed from the phosphorylation of ADP.
A) adenosine diphosphate
B) adenine
C) adenosine triphosphate
D) deoxyribonucleic acid
E) riboseg
s
ANSWER:
C
Diff: 3
84) AMP + P -
A) ADP
B) 2ADP
C) DNA
D) ATP
E) adenineg
s
ANSWER:
A
Diff: 2
85) The phosphorylation of adenosine forms
A) ADP.
B) ATP.
C) AMP.
D) 2ATP.
E) ribose.g
s
ANSWER:
C
Diff: 2

86) Adenine and guanine are
A) purines represented by T and C.
B) pyrimidines represented by A and G.
C) purines represented by A and G.
D) pyrimidines represented by T and C.
E) nucleotides represented by A and
G.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2
87) Oxygen is required in biological systems for
A) cellular metabolism.
B) storage of energy.
C) serving as structural components of bone.
D) serving as catalysts.
E) chemical messengers
.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
88) Muscle proteins are destroyed after 17 days and then replaced. This is an example of
A) metabolic turnover.
B) surveillance.
C) surface tension.
D) disease.
E) specificity.
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
89) By weight, whichgselement is the most plentiful in the human body?
A) sulfur
B) sodium
C) oxygen
D) potassium
E) carbong
s
ANSWER:
C
Diff: 2
90) By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?
A) oxygen
B) carbon
C) hydrogen
D) nitrogen
E) calciumg
s
ANSWER:
B
Diff: 2

91) Indicate which of these lists contains only trace elements.
A) sulfur, chlorine, oxygen
B) selenium, hydrogen, calcium
C) boron, oxygen, carbon
D) silicon, fluorine, tin
E) cobalt, calcium, sodiu
mg
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 2
92) The molecule NO is known as
A) nitric oxide.
B) noxious oxide.
C) noxious oxygen.
D) nitric oxygen.
E) nitrous oxide.
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
93) The molecule CO2 is known as
A) carbonized oxygen.
B) carbonated oxygen.
C) carbon monoxide.
D) carbon oxide.
E) carbon dioxide.
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2
Skill: Level 2 Questions: ReviewinggsConcepts
94) The molecule H2 is known as
A) hydrohydrogen.
B) hydrogen.
C) hydroxide.
D) helium.
E) semi-
water.gsANSWER:
B
Diff: 2
Skill: Level 2 Questions: ReviewinggsConcepts
95) The molecule O2 is known as
A) oxide.
B) oxygen.
C) organic.
D) B or C
E) none of the abov
eg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 2

96) The nucleus of an atom consists of
A) electrons.
B) protons.
C) neutrons.
E) protons + electrons
.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
97) H2O is an example of a(n)
A) ionic formula.
B) glucose molecule.
C) molecular formula.
D) water molecule.
E) covalent formula.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2
98) A(n) removes hydrogen ions and a(n) releases hydrogen ions.
A) acid; base
B) base; acid
C) compound; element
D) element; compound
E) molecule; acidg
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 2
99) A nanometer is
A) 10-6 meter.
B) 10-8 meter.
C) 10-9 meter.
D) 10-10 meter.
E) 10-
12 meter.g
s
ANSW
ER: C
Diff: 2
100) An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can
A) block ion movements.
B) change the shape of large complex molecules, rendering them nonfunctional.
C) disrupt tissue functions.
D) all of the above
E) A and C onl
yg
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 2

101) Artificial sweeteners
A) are naturally similar to sugars.
B) are always some form of carbohydrate.
C) are generally many times sweeter than sucrose.
D) are inorganic sugar substitutes.
E) provide the same number of calories as an equivalent amount of sucr
ose.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2
102) Alaska Natives have a lower incidence of heart disease even though their diets are high in fat and cholest
erol.g
s
This may be due to the large amount of ingstheir diets.
A) vitamins
B) triglycerides
C) prostaglandins
D) omega-3 fatty acids
E) oleic aci
dg
s
ANSWER:
D
Diff: 2
103) If an element is composed of atoms with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, then a neutral
atom of this element contains
A) 6 protons.
B) 8 electrons.
C) 8 neutrons.
D) both A andgsB
E) bothgsA and
Cg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2
104) One mole of any element
A) has the same mass.
B) has the same weight.
C) has the same number of atoms.
D) has the same number of electrons.
E) all of the abov
eg
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2
105) When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the opp
osite charges,
A) an ion is formed.
B) a molecule is formed.
C) a hydrogen bond is formed.
D) an ionic bond is formed.
E) a covalent bond is formed
.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 2

106) Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you would expect magnesium to
formg
s
ions with a charge of
A) +1.
B) +2.
C) -1.
D) -2.
E) either +2 or -
2g
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 2
107) Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell and chlorine atoms have seven. The comp
oundg
s
magnesium chloride would contain
A) 1 magnesium and 1 chlorine.
B) 1 magnesium and 2 chlorine.
C) 2 magnesium and 1 chlorine.
D) 2 magnesium and 7 chlorine.
E) impossible to tell without more informatio
ng
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 2
108) Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is false?
A) Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms.
B) Hydrogen bonds can occur within a single molecule.
C) Hydrogen bonds can form between neighboring molecules.
D) Hydrogen bonds are important for holding large molecules together.
E) Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the properties of wat
er.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
109) In the reaction listed below, what coefficient needs to be added to balance the equation? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O -
C6H12O6 + O2
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 10 A
NSWER:
C
Diff: 2
110) Nonpolar organic molecules are good examples of
A) electrolytes.
B) molecules that will dissociate when placed into water.
C) hydrophobic compounds.
D) hydrophilic compounds.
E) solutes.g
s
ANSWER:
C
Diff: 2

111) When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates 99 percent, forming hydrogen ions and anions.
Thisg
s
compound would be
A) a strong base.
B) a weak base.
C) a strong acid.
D) a weak acid.
E) a salt
.g
s
ANSWER
: C
Diff: 2
112) When a small amount of HCl or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution barely ch
anges. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na 2HPO4, exce
pt
A) Na2HPO4 is able to accept extra hydrogen ions from the HCl.
B) Na2HPO4 is able to donate hydrogen ions to the OH- from NaOH.
C) Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure.
D) Na2HPO4 is a salt formed from reacting a strong base with a weak acid.
E) Na2HPO4 acts as a buffe
r.g
s
ANSWER: C
Diff: 2
113) Fructose
A) is agshexose.
B) is an isomer of glucose.
C) is found in male reproductive fluids.
D) all of the above
E) A and B onl
yg
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 2
114) When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis,
A) two new monosaccharides are formed.
B) a disaccharide is formed.
C) a polysaccharide is formed.
D) a starch is formed.
E) hydrolysis occurs
.g
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 3
115) A shortage of cholesterol in the body could interfere with the formation of
A) sex hormones.
B) proteins.
C) plasma membranes.
D) glycogen.
E) bothgsA and
Cg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 2

116) How would the lack of a cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?
A) The enzyme's function would not be altered.
B) The enzyme would function more slowly.
C) The enzyme would function more quickly.
D) The enzyme would not be able to function.
E) The enzyme would cease to function after reaching a maximum r
ate.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 2
117) The structure of RNA differs from DNA in that
A) the backbone of RNA contains ribose.
B) RNA contains pyrimidines but not purines.
C) RNA contains purines but not pyrimidines.
D) DNA contains pyrimidines but not purines.
E) DNA contains purines but not pyrimidine
s.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 2
118) A high-energy bond in ATP is present
A) between adenine and ribose.
B) between adenine and phosphate group.
C) between the first and second phosphate group.
D) between the second and third phosphate group.
E) bothgsC and
Dg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 3
Short Answer Questions
1) A(n)
is a pure substance composed of atoms.g
s
ANSWER: e
lement
Diff: 1
2) The center of an atom is called the
.g
s
ANSWER: nucleus
Diff: 1
3) Electrons whirl around the center of the atom at high speed, forming a(n)
.g
s
ANSWER: electrongscloud
Diff: 1
4) Electrons ings an atom occupy angs orderly series of electron shells or
.g
s
ANSWER: energy levels
Diff: 1

5) The actualgs mass of an atom is known as its
.g
s
ANSWER: atomic weight
Diff: 1
6) Ions with a positive charge are called
.g
s
ANSWER: cations
Diff: 1
7) Ions with a negative charge are called
.g
s
ANSWER: anions
Diff: 1
8) Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different number
s ofg
s
neutrons, are called .
ANSWER: isotopes
Diff: 1
9) Chemical reactions that release energy are called
.g
s
ANSWER: exergonic
Diff: 1
10) Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called
.g
s
ANSWER: endergonic
Diff: 1
11)
accelerate chemical reactions that occur in the human body.g
s
ANSW
ER: Enzymes
Diff: 1
12) In living cells, complex metabolic reactions proceed in a series of steps called a(n)
.g
s
ANSWER: pathway
Diff: 1
13)
molecules are compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom.g
s
ANSW
ER: Organic
Diff: 1
14)
compounds do not usually contain carbon as a primary structural atom.g
s
ANSW
ER: Inorganic
Diff: 1

15) A(n)
is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute.g
s
ANSWER:
solution
Diff: 1
16)
are soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current.g
s
ANS
WER: Electrolytes
Diff: 1
17) The three familiar states of matter are solids, liquids, and
.g
s
ANSWER: gases
Diff: 1
18) Molecules that do not readily dissolve in water are called
.g
s
ANSWER: hydrophobic
Diff: 1
19) The
of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles perliter.
ANSWER: pH
Diff: 1
20) Kinetic energy is stored as
energy when agsspring is stretched.g
s
ANSWER: potential
Diff: 1
21) All fatty acids contaings a functional group at one end called the
.g
s
ANSWER: carboxylic acid group
Diff: 1
22) In water, fatty acids tend to form tiny droplets with hydrophobic tails buried inside called
.g
s
ANSWER: micelles
Diff: 1
23)
are molecules with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes.g
s
ANS
WER: Phospholipids
Diff: 1
24) The molecule DNA contains a five-carbon sugar called
.g
s
ANSWER: deoxyribose
Diff: 1

25) Individual steroids differ in the
attached to the carbon rings.g
s
ANSWER: side chains
Diff: 1
26) The purines found in DNA are and
.g
s
ANSWER: adenine; guanine
Diff: 1
27) The pyrimidine bases found in DNA are and
.g
s
ANSWER: thymine; cytosine
Diff: 1
28) A(n)
is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large amount of energy.g
s
ANSWER:
high-energy bond
Diff: 1
29) In the process of
a phosphate group is transferred to a molecule.g
s
ANSWER: phosphoryla
tion
Diff: 1
30) The hydrolysis of ATP yields ADP, phosphate ion, and
.g
s
ANSWER: energy
Diff: 1
31) The
of a radioactive substance is the time required for a 50 percent reduction in the rate of radiationgsemission.
ANSWER: half-life
Diff: 2
32) Identify the three structural components of a nucleoti
de.g
s
ANSWER: pentose; phosphate group; nitrogenous b
ase
Diff: 3
EssayQuestions
1) Explain the role of water molecules in polysaccharide formation.
ANSWER: Water molecules are removed in the dehydration synthesis of polysaccharides.
Diff: 2
2) What role do buffer systems play in the human body?
ANSWER: Buffer systems help maintain pH within normal limits by removing or replacing hydrogen ions asg
s
needed.

Diff: 2

3) Blood has a very narrow normal pH range but urine has a very broad normal pH range. What does
that indicate about the physiology of pH?
ANSWER: Homeostasis requires that the pH of body fluids be maintained almost constant to avoid disruption
s ofg
s
healthy function. To accomplish this, the urinary system eliminates or retains hydrogen ion as ne
eded.g
s
These actions cause the pH of urine to vary widely, depending on whether there is too much
or not enough hydrogen ion in the body.
Diff: 3
4) How does the DNA molecule control the appearance and function of a cell?
ANSWER: The DNA molecule controls the synthesis of enzymes and structural proteins. By controlling the sy
nthesis of structural proteins, the DNAgsis able to influence the physical appearance of agscell. By controll
ing the production of enzymes, the DNA is able to control all aspects of cellular metabolism andg
s
thu
s control the activity and biological functions of the cell.
Diff: 3
5) The element sulfur has an atomic number of 16 and mass number of 32. How many neutrons are in the nuc
leus of a sulfur atom? If sulfur forms covalent bonds with hydrogen, how many hydrogen atoms cangsbond t
o one sulfur atom?
ANSWER: The number of neutrons ingsangsatom is equal to the mass number minus the atomic number. Thus,
sulfur has 32 —
16 = 16 neutrons. The atomic number indicates the number of protons, so a neutral sulfur atomg
s
cont
ains 16 protons plus 16 electrons to balance the protons electrically. The electrons would be distribute
d as follows: 2 in the first electron shell, 8 in the second, and the remaining 6 in the third. To ach
ieve a full 8 electrons in the third (outermost) electron shell, the sulfur atom can accept 2 electrons in
an ionic bond or can share 2 electrons in a covalent bond. Because hydrogen atoms can share one e
lectron in a covalent bond, the sulfur atom can form two covalent bonds with hydrogen, one withgs eac
h of two hydrogen atoms. In chemical notation, this is H2S.
Diff: 3

Chapter 3 The Cellular Level of Organization
1) The smallest living unit within the human body is
A) a protein.
B) the cell.
C) a tissue.
D) an organ.
E) an organ system
.g
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1
2) The watery component of the cytoplasm is called
A) cytosol.
B) protoplasm.
C) extracellular fluid.
D) interstitial fluid.
E) a colloidal gel
.g
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
3) Which of the following terms is not used to define the structure that separates the contents of a humang
cell from its surrounding medium?
A) cell wall
B) cell membrane
C) plasma membrane
D) plasmalemma
E) bothgsA and
Dg
s
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
4) Functions of the plasmalemma include all of the following, except
A) separation of the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid.
B) regulation of exchange of materials with the extracellular environment.
C) sensitivity to chemical changes in the extracellular fluid.
D) thermal insulation.
E) structural support
.g
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
5) The plasma membrane is composed of
A) a bilayer of proteins.
B) a bilayer of phospholipids.
C) carbohydrate molecules.
D) carbohydrates and proteins.
E) carbohydratesandgslipids.g
s
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1

6) Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?
A) bind to ligands
B) regulate the passage of ions
C) act as carrier molecules for various solutes
D) act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane
E) cell nutrien
tg
s
ANSWER: E
Diff: 1
7) Functions of the glycocalyx include
A) lubricating and protecting the cell membrane.
B) identifying the cell for the immune system.
C) binding extracellular compounds.
D) all of the above
E) B and C onl
yg
s
ANSWER: D
Diff: 1
8) Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle, except
A) lysosomes.
B) cilia.
C) centrioles.
D) ribosomes.
E) cytoskeleton.
ANSWER: A
Diff: 1
9) Components of the cytoskeleton may include all of the following, except
A) microfilaments.
B) intermediate filaments.
C) microsomes.
D) microtubules.
E) thick filaments.
ANSWER: C
Diff: 1
10) Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to
A) ribosomes.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) flagella.
E) microvilli.
ANSWER: B
Diff: 1

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