Testing strategies for Docker containers

Jan 22, 20171 like2,756 views

There are multiple testing strategies you can apply to test #Docker containers. In these slides, I’ll highlight some of them, discussing benefits and drawbacks of each approach. This is the companion presentation for my blog post about #Docker #testing: https://goo.gl/IEQLKx

Testing Strategies
for
Docker Containers
Alexei Ledenev
@alexeiled

About me…
•DT @HPE
•github.com/alexei-led/pumba
•#docker, #golang, #aws
•medium.com/@alexeiled
•@alexeiled

Why Docker
• Portability
• Speed
• Conﬁguration
• Docker Hub (“App Store”)

Demo App & Test
• Demo App
• Rest API server
• #golang
• Test
• Newman
• Postman scenario ﬁle
• #nodejs

# build demo app
$ go build -o .dist/demo -v
# run app and tests
$ .dist/demo &>/dev/null &
$ newman run -e test/local.env.json demo-rest-api-tests.postman.json
# build Docker demo image
$ docker build -t demo -f docker/Dockerfile.dist .
https://asciinema.org/a/100204

Beneﬁts and Drawbacks
• Familiar CI ﬂow
• Application portability
• Smaller Docker image
• Non portable DEV
environment
• Non portable TEST
environment

Testing strategies for Docker containers

# build demo app & test container
$ docker build -t demo:apptest -f docker/Dockerfile.build.apptest .
# run tests
$ docker run -it --rm demo:apptest script/test.sh
# run app
$ docker run -d -p 10000:10000 demo:apptest demo
https://asciinema.org/a/100216

Beneﬁts and Drawbacks
• Application portability
• Portable DEV environment
• Portable TEST
environment
• Bigger Docker image size
• Need to rebuild the whole
image on code or test
change
• Polluted Docker image
• Need to manage test
results

$# build test aware Docker image $ docker build -t demo:testaware -f docker/Dockerfile.build.testaware . # run tests $ docker run -it --rm demo:testaware # get app layers from image $ APP_LAYER=$(docker history demo:testaware | grep -e “LABEL SPLIT=T” | awk ‘{print $1}’) # tag APP_LAYER and push it $ docker tag $APP_LAYER demo:app # run demo app $ docker run -it —rm -p 10000:10000 demo:app https://asciinema.org/a/100260$

Beneﬁts and Drawbacks
• Application portability
• Portable TEST and DEV
environments
• 2 separate images
• One Dockerﬁle
• Need to rebuild the whole
image on code or test
change
• Need some shell “magic”
to create a clean APP
image (non-Docker way)

– Me :-)
“After trying multiple approaches, the following
is the one that I can recommend.”

Docker Automation Flow
• Docker automation CI/CD ﬂow consists from multiple steps, like: build, scan, test,
run, deploy and others.
• Each step requires different tools, runtime, packages, data and conﬁguration ﬁles
• Use dedicated Docker container for every step
• For example:
• Builder Container - use it to build your app. Docker container with compilers,
linters, package managers and other dev tool.
• Test Container(s) - user it to test your app. Docker container with testing
tools, test scripts, runtimes and helper ﬁles and required packages.
• App Container - the one you push/deploy. Docker container with application
binary, runtime and required packages only.

# build Build Container image
$ docker build -t demo:builder -f docker/Dockerfile.builder .
# use Builder container to build the app
$ docker run -it --rm
-v $(pwd)/.dist:/go/src/app/.dist
-e CGO_ENABLED=0 demo/builder go build -v -o .dist/demo
# build App Container image
$ docker build -t demo:dist -f docker/Dockerfile.dist .
# build Test Container image
$ docker build -t demo:test -f docker/Dockerfile.test .
# create common network for app and test
$ docker network create mynet
# run demo app
$ docker run -d --name demo --network mynet demo:dist
# run tests
$ docker run -d --name tests --network mynet demo:test
newman run -e test/demo.env.json
test/demo-rest-api-tests.postman.json

Beneﬁts and Drawbacks
• Application portability
• Portable DEV environment
• Build ANYWHERE
• Portable TEST environment
• Test ANYWHERE
• Small APP image
• Fast builds
• Need an approach/tool to
automate and orchestrate
Docker build ﬂow
• Bash, Ansible, etc.
• Docker CI/CD service, like
codefresh.io

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