![Honoré de Mareville.
Guernsey.
Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house (Vol. ix., pp. 492. 552.).—I
cannot but express my surprise at the learned (?) trifling of some of
your correspondents on the inscription upon Lindsey Court-house.
Try it thus:
"Fiat Justitia,
1619,
Hæc domus
Odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
Nequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos."
which will make two lines, an hexameter and a pentameter, the first
letters, O and N, having perhaps been effaced by time or accident.
Neglectus.
[That this emendation is the right one is clear from the communication of another
correspondent, B. R. A. Y., who makes the same, and adds in confirmation, "The
following lines existed formerly (and do, perhaps, now) on the Market-house at
Much Wenlock, Shropshire, which will explain their meaning:
'Hic locus
Odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
Nequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos.'
The O and N, being at the beginning of the lines as given by your correspondent,
were doubtless obliterated by age."]
The restoration of this inscription proposed by me is erroneous, and
must be corrected from the perfect inscription as preserved at
Pistoia and Much Wenlock, cited by another correspondent in p. 552.
The three inscriptions are slightly varied. Perhaps "amat pacem" is
better than "amat leges," on account of the tautology with
"conservat jura."
L.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5558074-250514033258-246c2609/85/The-Arduino-Projects-Book-2012th-Edition-Scott-Fitzgerald-Michael-Shiloh-29-320.jpg)
The Arduino Projects Book 2012th Edition Scott Fitzgerald Michael Shiloh
- 1. The Arduino Projects Book 2012th Edition Scott Fitzgerald Michael Shiloh download https://ebookbell.com/product/the-arduino-projects-book-2012th- edition-scott-fitzgerald-michael-shiloh-11116148 Explore and download more ebooks at ebookbell.com
- 2. Here are some recommended products that we believe you will be interested in. You can click the link to download. The Tab Book Of Arduino Projects 36 Things To Make With Shields And Proto Shields Simon Monk https://ebookbell.com/product/the-tab-book-of-arduino- projects-36-things-to-make-with-shields-and-proto-shields-simon- monk-43749954 Arduinos Without Tears Second Edition Color Version The Easiest Fastest And Lowestcost Entry Into The Exciting World Of Arduinos Saturday Afternoon Lowcost Electronics Projects Book 1 Bogatin https://ebookbell.com/product/arduinos-without-tears-second-edition- color-version-the-easiest-fastest-and-lowestcost-entry-into-the- exciting-world-of-arduinos-saturday-afternoon-lowcost-electronics- projects-book-1-bogatin-231866134 Science Experiments With Arduinos Using A Multifunction Board Book 2 In The Saturday Afternoon Lowcost Electronics Projects Series Bogatin https://ebookbell.com/product/science-experiments-with-arduinos-using- a-multifunction-board-book-2-in-the-saturday-afternoon-lowcost- electronics-projects-series-bogatin-231883318 Internet Of Things With The Arduino Yun Projects To Help You Build A World Of Smarter Things Marco Schwartz https://ebookbell.com/product/internet-of-things-with-the-arduino-yun- projects-to-help-you-build-a-world-of-smarter-things-marco- schwartz-5471694
- 3. Introduction To Arduino Projects The Best User Guide For Beginners Benjamin Israel https://ebookbell.com/product/introduction-to-arduino-projects-the- best-user-guide-for-beginners-benjamin-israel-27845902 Arduino Projects The Complete Beginners Guide Explain Step By Step To Arduino Programming Munusami https://ebookbell.com/product/arduino-projects-the-complete-beginners- guide-explain-step-by-step-to-arduino-programming-munusami-222278742 Programming Arduino Projects With The Pic Microcontroller A Lineby Line Code Analysis And Complete Reference Guide For Embedded Programming In C 1st Edition Hubert Henry Ward https://ebookbell.com/product/programming-arduino-projects-with-the- pic-microcontroller-a-lineby-line-code-analysis-and-complete- reference-guide-for-embedded-programming-in-c-1st-edition-hubert- henry-ward-34873434 Programming Arduino Projects With The Pic Microcontroller A Linebyline Code Analysis And Complete Reference Guide For Embedded Programming In C Hubert Henry Ward https://ebookbell.com/product/programming-arduino-projects-with-the- pic-microcontroller-a-linebyline-code-analysis-and-complete-reference- guide-for-embedded-programming-in-c-hubert-henry-ward-34877482 Building Arduino Projects For The Internet Of Things Experiments With Realworld Applications Adeel Javed https://ebookbell.com/product/building-arduino-projects-for-the- internet-of-things-experiments-with-realworld-applications-adeel- javed-5467986
- 7. THE ARDUINO PROJECTS BOOK EDITORS Projects and text by Scott Fitzgerald and Michael Shiloh Additional text review by Tom Igoe DESIGN AND ART DIRECTION TODO Giorgio Olivero, Mario Ciardulli, Vanessa Poli, Michelle Nebiolo todo.to.it DIGITAL FABRICATION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT Officine Arduino Torino Katia De Coi, Enrico Bassi ADVISORS AND SUPPORTERS Massimo Banzi, Gianluca Martino, Smart Projects PROJECT TESTERS AND PROOFREADERS Michael Shiloh, Michelle Nebiolo, Katia De Coi, Alessandro Buat, Federico Vanzati, David Mellis THANKS Big thanks to the entire Arduino user community for their contin- ued contributions, support, and feedback. Special thanks to the Fritzing team: some of the electronic com- ponents illustrations used in the book are taken or modified from the open-source Fritzing project (www.fritzing.org). Heartfelt thanks to Paul Badger for the CapacitiveSensor library used in Project 13. The text of the Arduino Projects Book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License 2012 by Arduino LLC. This means that you can copy, reuse, adapt and build upon the text of this book non-commercially while attributing the original work (but not in any way that suggests that we endorse you or your use of the work) and only if the results are transmitted under the same Creative Commons license. Full license terms: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ © 2012 Arduino LLC. The Arduino name and logo are trademarks of Arduino, registered in the US and in the rest of the world. Other product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective companies. The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis without any further warranties. While every precaution has been taken in the design of this book, neither the authors nor Arduino LLC shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or declared to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the software and hardware described in it. This book cannot be sold separately from The Arduino Starter Kit. Designed, printed and bound in Torino, Italy September 2012
- 8. INDEX 00 INTRODUCTION 01 Get to Know Your Tools 02 Spaceship Interface 03 Love-o-Meter 04 Color Mixing Lamp 05 Mood Cue 06 Light Theremin 07 Keyboard Instrument 08 Digital Hourglass 09 Motorized Pinwheel 10 Zoetrope 11 Crystal Ball 12 Knock Lock 13 Touchy-feely Lamp 14 Tweak the Arduino Logo 15 Hacking Buttons A/Z GLOSSARY 4 20 32 42 52 62 70 78 86 94 102 114 124 136 144 156 162
- 9. 00 BECOME EXTRAORDINARY Everyone, every day, uses technology. Most of us leave the programming to engineers because we think coding and electronics are complicated and difficult; actually, they can be fun and exciting activities. Thanks to Arduino, designers, artists, hobbyists and students of all ages are learning to create things that light up, move, and respond to people, animals, plants, and the rest of the world. Over the years Arduino has been used as the “brain” in thousands of projects, one more creative than the last. A worldwide community of makers has gathered around this open-source platform, moving from personal computing to personal fabrication, and contributing to a new world of participation, cooperation and sharing. Arduino is open and simple. It’s founded on lessons we’ve learned teaching our own classes: if you start with the assumption that learning to make digital technologies is simple and accessible, you can make it so. Suddenly electronics and code become creative tools that anyone can use – like brushes and paint. This book walks you through the basics in a hands-on way, with creative projects you build by learning. Once you’ve mastered the basics, you’ll have a palette of software and circuits that you can use to create something beautiful, and make someone smile with what you invent.
- 10. WELCOME TO ARDUINO! ARDUINO MAKES IT AS EASY AS POSSIBLE TO PROGRAM TINY COMPUTERS CALLED MICROCONTROLLERS, WHICH ARE WHAT MAKE OBJECTS INTERACTIVE You are surrounded by dozens of them every day: they are embedded in timers, thermostats, toys, remote controls, microwave ovens, even some toothbrushes. They just do one specific task, and if you hardly notice them – which is often the case – it’s because they are doing it well. They have been programmed to sense and control activity using sensors and actuators. Sensors listen to the physical world. They convert energy that you give off when you press buttons, or wave your arms, or shout, into electrical signals. Buttons and knobs are sensors that you touch with your fingers, but there are many other kinds of sensors. Actuators take action in the physical world. They convert electrical energy back into physical energy, like light and heat and movement. Microcontrollers listen to sensors and talk to actuators. They decide what to do based on a program that you write. Microcontrollers and the electronics you attach to them are just the skeleton of your projects, though. You’ll need to bring skills you probably already have to put some flesh on the bones. For example, in one of the projects we suggest, you’ll make an arrow and attach it to a motor, and put them both in a box with a knob, so you can make a meter to tell people whether you’re busy or not. In another, you’ll put some lights and a tilt switch on a cardboard frame to make an hourglass. Arduino can make your projects responsive, but only you can make them beautiful. We’ll provide some suggestions along the way as to how you might do that. Arduino was designed to help you get things done. To make that happen, we kept the background material on programming and electronics to a minimum. If you decide you want to know more about these aspects, there are lots of good guides available. We’ll provide a couple of references, and you can find more online at: arduino.cc/starterkit
- 11. Arduino Uno - The microcontroller develop- ment board that will be at the heart of your projects. It’s a simple computer, but one that has no way for you to interact with it yet. You will be building the circuits and interfaces for interaction, and telling the microcontroller how to interface with other components. + - + - + - + - Battery Snap - Used to connect a 9V battery to power leads that can be easily plugged into a breadboard or your Arduino. Breadboard - A board on which you can build electronic circuits. It’s like a patch panel, with rows of holes that allow you to connect wires and components together. Versions that re- quire soldering are available, as well as the sol- der-less type used here. Capacitors - These components store and re- lease electrical energy in a circuit. When the circuit’s voltage is higher than what is stored in the capacitor, it allows current to flow in, giv- ing the capacitor a charge. When the circuit’s voltage is lower, the stored charge is released. Often placed across power and ground close to a sensor or motor to help smooth fluctuations in voltage. DC motor - Converts electrical energy into me- chanical energy when electricity is applied to its leads. Coils of wire inside the motor become magnetized when current flows through them. + PARTS IN YOUR KIT 6 Welcome to Arduino! Introduction
- 12. These magnetic fields attract and repel mag- nets, causing the shaft to spin. If the direction of the electricity is reversed, the motor will spin in the opposite direction. Diode - Ensures electricity only flows in one di- rection. Useful when you have a motor or other high current/voltage load in your circuit. Di- odes are polarized, meaning that the direction that they’re placed in a circuit matters. Placed one way, they allow current to pass through. Placed the other way, they block it. The anode side generally connects to the point of higher energy in your circuit. The cathode typically connects to the point of lower energy, or to ground. The cathode is usually marked with a band on one side of the component’s body. Gels (red, green, blue) - These filter out differ- ent wavelengths of light. When used in con- junction with photoresistors, they cause the sensor to only react to the amount of light in the filtered color. H-bridge - A circuit that allows you to control the polarity of the voltage applied to a load, usually a motor. The H-bridge in the kit is an in- tegrated circuit, but it could also be construct- ed with a number of discrete components. Jumper wires - Use these to connect compo- nents to each other on the breadboard, and to the Arduino. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) - A type of diode that illuminates when electricity passes through it. Like all diodes, electricity only flows in one direction through these components. You’re probably familiar with these as indicators on a variety of electronic devices. The anode, which typically connects to power, is usually the long- er leg, and the cathode is the shorter leg. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) - A type of alpha- numeric or graphic display based on liquid crys- tals. LCDs are available in a many sizes, shapes, and styles. Yours has 2 rows with 16 characters each. - + - + 7
- 13. Resistors - Resist the flow of electrical energy in a circuit, changing the voltage and current as a result. Resistor values are measured in ohms (represented by the Greek omega char- acter: Ω). The colored stripes on the sides of resistors indicate their value (see resistor color code table). Optocoupler - This allows you to connect two circuits that do not share a common power supply. Internally there is a small LED that, when illuminated, causes a photoreceptor in- side to close an internal switch. When you ap- ply voltage to the + pin, the LED lights and the internal switch closes. The two outputs replace a switch in the second circuit. Piezo - An electrical component that can be used to detect vibrations and create noises. Photoresistor - (also called a photocell, or light- dependent resistor). A variable resistor that changes its resistance based on the amount of light that falls on its face. Potentiometer - A variable resistor with three pins. Two of the pins are connected to the ends of a fixed resistor. The middle pin, or wiper, moves across the resistor, dividing it into two halves. When the external sides of the poten- tiometer are connected to voltage and ground, the middle leg will give the difference in voltage as you turn the knob. Often referred to as a pot. Pushbuttons - Momentary switches that close a circuit when pressed. They snap into bread- boards easily. These are good for detecting on/ off signals. Male header pins - These pins fit into female sockets, like those on a breadboard. They help make connecting things much easier. 8 Welcome to Arduino! Introduction
- 14. USB Cable - This allows you to connect your Arduino Uno to your personal computer for programming. It also provides power to the Ar- duino for most of the projects in the kit. Temperature sensor - Changes its voltage out- put depending on the temperature of the com- ponent. The outside legs connect to power and ground. The voltage on the center pin changes as it gets warmer or cooler. Tilt sensor - A type of switch that will open or close depending on its orientation. Typically they are hollow cylinders with a metal ball in- side that will make a connection across two leads when tilted in the proper direction. Transistor - A three legged device that can op- erate as an electronic switch. Useful for control- ling high current/high voltage components like motors. One pin connects to ground, another to the component being controlled, and the third connects to the Arduino. When the com- ponent receives voltage on the pin connected to an Arduino, it closes the circuit between the ground and the other component. Servo motor - A type of geared motor that can only rotate 180 degrees. It is controlled by sending electrical pulses from your Arduino. These pulses tell the motor what position it should move to. 9
- 15. TABLE OF SYMBOLS UNCONNECTED WIRES LED DIODE PUSHBUTTON PIEZO TILT SWITCH POLARIZED CAPACITOR MOSFET TRANSISTOR CAPACITOR MOTOR BATTERY RESISTOR GROUND PHOTO RESISTOR POTENTIOMETER In this book we will show you circuits both with realistic illustrations and with schematic diagrams. Illustrations will give you an idea of what the breadboard might look like in one possible implementation of the project. Schematics, instead, use symbols to capture the essence of circuits: they present the components and the ways they are connected in a clear, succinct, and unambiguous form, but not their physical organization. Schematics and schematic symbols are how we communicate about circuits. As you explore the world of electronics you will discover that some books and websites only provide schematic diagrams, so learning to read circuits this way is a valuable skill. Here are the symbols we will be using throughout the book. CONNECTED WIRES
- 16. THE BOARD 11 USB port Used for powering your Arduino Uno, uploading your sketches to your Arduino, and for communicating with your Arduino sketch (via Serial. println() etc.) ATmega microcontroller The heart of your Arduino Uno. Power connector This is how you power your Arduino when it's not plugged into a USB port for power. Can accept voltages between 7-12V. Reset Button Resets the ATmega microcontroller. TX and RX LEDs These LEDs indicate communi- cation between your Arduino and your computer. Expect them to flicker rapidly during sketch upload as well as during serial communication. Useful for debugging. Pin 13 LED The only actuator built-it to your Arduino Uno. Besides being a handy target for your first blink sketch, this LED is very useful for debugging. Power LED Indicates that your Arudino is receiving power. Useful for debugging. Analog in Use these pins with analogRead(). GND and 5V pins Use these pins to provide +5V power and ground to your circuits. Digital pins Use these pins with digital- Read(), digitalWrite(), and analogWrite(). analogWrite() works only on the pins with the PWM symbol.
- 17. Your Starter Kit includes a pre- cut, easy-to-assemble wooden base that will make working on all your projects – whether they are from this book or not – even easier. To build it, take the wood sheet out of the box and follow the instructions on the right. Be careful to use only the parts that are shown, but don’t misplace any of the other pieces: you’ll need them for some of the projects later. Let’s start! ❶ Take the wood sheet and carefully separate the pieces. ❹ Secure your Arduino Uno to the base using 3 screws. Be careful not to overtightens. 12 Welcome to Arduino! Introduction
- 18. ❷ Go on until you’ve separated all the parts. ❸ Place the pieces marked with an “A” into the holes in the corners, in order to create the feet of the base. ❺ Carefully peel the backing from the breadboard. ❻ Stick the breadboard on the wooden sheet, next to the Arduino UNO. 13
- 19. 9V battery Small light source like a flashlight Conductive material like aluminum foil or copper mesh Colored paper Scissors An old CD or DVD Tape and glue THINGS YOU NEED TO SUPPLY - A box that you can make holes into Basic tools like a screwdriver 9V battery powered component Any battery powered electronic device with at least one switch or pushbutton that you’re will- ing to hack into will do the job. Soldering iron and solder (necessary only in Project 15) 14 Welcome to Arduino! Introduction
- 20. WELCOME TO ARDUINO! BEFORE YOU START CONTROLLING THE WORLD AROUND YOU, YOU’LL NEED TO DOWNLOAD THE IDE TO PROGRAM YOUR BOARD The Arduino IDE allows you to write programs and upload them to your Arduino. Download the latest version of the IDE from: arduino.cc/download Have your Arduino board and USB cable near your computer. Don’t plug them in just yet. Follow the appropriate procedures in the next pages for Windows, Mac OS X or Linux. The online version of this guide is available at: arduino.cc/guide SETTING UP
- 21. When the download of the IDE finishes, unzip the downloaded file. Make sure to preserve the folder structure. Double-click the folder to open it. There should be a few files and sub-folders inside. Connect the Arduino to your computer with the USB cable. Your Arduino will automatically draw power from either the USB con- nection to the computer or an external power supply. The green power light (labeled PWR) should turn on. Windows should initiate its driver installation process when the board is plugged in. Your computer won’t be able to find the driv- ers by itself, so you’ll need to tell it where they are located. In the Device Manager, you should now see a port listing similar to “Arduino UNO (COM4)”. Congratulations! You've installed the Arduino IDE on your computer. — — Click on the Start Menu and open the Control Panel. — — Navigate to “System and Security”. Open the Device Manager. — — In Windows XP, look for the listing named "Ports (COM & LPT)" and right click on the "USB device" port; in Vista and Windows 7, right click on "Unknown device" under "Other devices". — — Choose "Update Driver Software". — — On Windows XP and Windows 7, you will be asked whether to install automatically or "with a path". Chose the second option, "with a path". On Windows Vista proceed directly to the next step. — — Select the “Browse my computer for Driver software” option. — — Navigate to the folder you unzipped in the earlier step. Locate and select the “Drivers” folder in the main Arduino folder (not the “FTDI USB Drivers” sub-directory). Press “OK” and “Next” to proceed. — — If you are prompted with a warning dialog about not passing Windows Logo testing, click “Continue Anyway”. — — Windows now will take over the driver installation. WINDOWS INSTALLATION Online version arduino.cc/windows ❶ ❷ ❸ INSTRUCTION FOR: WINDOWS 7, VISTA, AND XP 16 Introduction Setting Up
- 22. When the download of the IDE finished, double-click the .zip fle. This will expand the Arduino application. Copy the Arduino application into the Applications folder, or wherever else you wish to install the software. Connect the board to the computer with the USB cable. The green power LED (labeled PWR) should turn on. You do not need to install any drivers to work with the board. Depending on the version of OS X that you are running, you might get a dialog box asking if you wish to open the “Network Preferences”. Click the “Network Preferences...” button, and then click “Apply”. The Uno will show up as “Not Configured”, but it is still working. You can quit the System Preferences. Congratulations! You have Arduino all set up and you're ready to start making projects. MAC OS X INSTALLATION Online version arduino.cc/mac ❶ ❷ ❸ ❹ ❺ INSTRUCTION FOR: OS X 10.5 AND LATER If you’re using Linux, please visit the website for instructions: arduino.cc/linux LINUX INSTALLATION 17
- 23. Other documents randomly have different content
- 24. broad-brimmed hat, addressing a group of idlers and half-naked children. I could furnish your correspondent S. A. S. with more information if needful. T. J. Chester. Blue Bells of Scotland (Vol. viii., p. 388. Vol. ix., p. 209.).—Surely of Philadelphia is right in supposing that the Blue Bell of Scotland, in the ballad which goes by that name, is a bell painted blue, and used as the sign of an inn, and not the flower so called, as asserted by Henry Stephens, unless indeed there be an older ballad than the one commonly sung, which, as many of your readers must be aware, contains this line,—
- 25. "He dwells in merry Scotland, At the sign of the Blue Bell." I remember to have heard that the popularity of this song dates from the time when it was sung on the stage by Mrs. Jordan. Can any one inform me whether the air is ancient or modern? Honoré de Mareville. Guernsey. "De male quæsitis gaudet non tertius hæres" (Vol. ii., p. 167.).—The quotation here wanted has hitherto been neglected. The words may be found, with a slight variation, in Bellochii Praxis Moralis Theologiæ, de casibus reservatis, &c., Venetiis, 1627, 4to. As the work is not common, I send the passage for insertion, which I know will be acceptable to other correspondents as well as to the querist: "Divino judicio permittitur ut tales surreptores rerum sacrarum diu ipsis rebus furtivis non lætentur, sed imo ab aliis nequioribus furibus præfatæ res illis abripiantur, ut de se ipso fassus est ille, qui in suis ædibus hoc distichon inscripsit, ut refert Jo. Bonif., lib. de furt., § contrectatio, num. 134. in fin.: 'Congeries lapidum variis constructa rapinis, Aut uret, aut ruet, aut raptor alter habebit.' Et juxta illud: 'De rebus male acquisitis, non gaudebit tertius hæres.' Lazar (de monitorio), sect. 4. 9. 4., num. 16., imo nec secundus, ut ingenuè et perbellè fatetur in suo poemate, nostro idiomate Jerusalem celeste acquistata, cant. x. num. 88. Pater Frater Augustinus Gallutius de Mandulcho, ita canendo: 'D'un' acquisto sacrilego e immondo,
- 26. Gode di rado il successor secondo, Pero che il primo e mal' accorto herede Senza discretion li da di piedi.'" Bibliothecar. Chetham. Mawkin (Vol. ix., pp. 303. 385.).—Is not mawkin merely a corruption for mannikin? I strongly suspect it to be so, though Forby, in his Vocabulary of East Anglia, gives the word maukin as if peculiar to Norfolk and Suffolk, and derives it, like L., from Mal, for Moll or Mary. F. C. H. This word, in the Scottish dialect spelt maukin, means a hare. It occurs in the following verse of Burns in Tam Samson's Elegy: "Rejoice, ye birring paitricks a'; Ye cootie moorcocks, crousely craw; Ye maukins, cock your fud fu' braw, Withouten dread; Your mortal fae is now awa', Tam Samson's dead!" Kennedy M‘Nab. "Putting a spoke in his wheel" (Vol. viii., pp. 269. 351. 576.).—There is no doubt that "putting a spoke in his wheel" is "offering an obstruction." But I have always understood the "spoke" to be, not a radius of the wheel, but a bar put between the spokes at right angles, so as to prevent the turning of the wheel; a rude mode of "locking," which I have often seen practised. The correctness of the metaphor is thus evident. Wm. Hazel. Dog Latin (Vol. viii., p. 523.).—The return of a sheriff to a writ which he had not been able to serve, owing to the defendant's secreting himself in a swamp, will be new to English readers. It was "Non come-at-ibus in swampo."
- 27. Since the adoption of the Federal Constitution, the motto of the United States has been "E pluribus unum." A country sign-painter in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, painted "E pluribur unibus," instead of it on a sign. Uneda. Philadelphia. Swedish Words current in England (Vol. vii., pp. 231. 366.).—Very many Swedish words are current in the north of England, e. gr. barn or bearn (Scotticè bairn), Sw. barn; bleit or blate, bashful, Sw. blöd; to cleam, to fasten, to spread thickly over, Sw. klemma; cod, pillow, Sw. kudde; to gly, to squint, Sw. glo; to lope, to leap, Sw. löpa; to late (Cumberland), to seek, Sw. leta; sackless, without crime, Sw. saklös; sark, shirt, Sw. särk; to thole (Derbyshire), to endure, Sw. tala; to walt, to totter, to overthrow, Sw. wälta; to warp, to lay eggs, Sw. wärpa; wogh (Lancashire), wall, Sw. wägg, &c. It is a fact very little known, that the Swedish language bears the closest resemblance of all modern languages to the English as regards grammatical structure, not even the Danish excepted. Suecas. Mob (Vol. viii., p. 524.).—I have always understood that this word was derived from the Latin expression mobile vulgus, which is, I believe, in Virgil. Uneda. Philadelphia. "Days of my Youth" (Vol. viii., p. 467.).—In answer to the inquiry made a few months since, whether Judge St. George Tucker, of Virginia, was the author of the lines beginning— "Days of my youth." the undersigned states that he was a friend and relative of Judge Tucker, and knows him to have been the author. They had a great
- 28. run at the time, and found their way not only into the newspapers, but even into the almanacs of the day. G. T. Philadelphia. Encore (Vol. viii., pp. 387. 524.).—A writer in an English magazine, a few years ago, proposed that the Latin word repetitus should be used instead of encore. Among other advantages he suggested that the people in the gallery of a theatre would pronounce it repeat-it- us, and thus make English of it. Uneda. Philadelphia. Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge (Vol. ix., p. 493.).—Your correspondent will find his question answered by referring to the History of the Royal Family, 8vo., Lond., 1741, pp. 119. 156. For an account of this book, which is founded upon the well-known Sandford's Genealogical History, see Clarke's Bibliotheca Legum, edit. 1819, p. 174. T. E. T. Islington. Right of redeeming Property (Vol. viii., p. 516.).—This right formerly existed in Normandy, and, I believe, in other parts of France. In the bailiwick of Guernsey, the laws of which are based on the ancient custom of Normandy, the right is still exercised, although it has been abolished for some years in the neighbouring island of Jersey. The law only applies to real property, which, by the Norman custom, was divided in certain proportions among all the children; and this right of "retrait," as it is technically termed, was doubtless intended to counteract in some measure the too minute division of land, and to preserve inheritances in families. It must be exercised within a year of the purchase. For farther information on the subject, Berry's History of Guernsey, p. 176., may be consulted.
- 29. Honoré de Mareville. Guernsey. Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house (Vol. ix., pp. 492. 552.).—I cannot but express my surprise at the learned (?) trifling of some of your correspondents on the inscription upon Lindsey Court-house. Try it thus: "Fiat Justitia, 1619, Hæc domus Odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat, Nequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos." which will make two lines, an hexameter and a pentameter, the first letters, O and N, having perhaps been effaced by time or accident. Neglectus. [That this emendation is the right one is clear from the communication of another correspondent, B. R. A. Y., who makes the same, and adds in confirmation, "The following lines existed formerly (and do, perhaps, now) on the Market-house at Much Wenlock, Shropshire, which will explain their meaning: 'Hic locus Odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat, Nequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos.' The O and N, being at the beginning of the lines as given by your correspondent, were doubtless obliterated by age."] The restoration of this inscription proposed by me is erroneous, and must be corrected from the perfect inscription as preserved at Pistoia and Much Wenlock, cited by another correspondent in p. 552. The three inscriptions are slightly varied. Perhaps "amat pacem" is better than "amat leges," on account of the tautology with "conservat jura." L.
- 30. Myrtle Bee (Vol. ix., p. 205. &c.).—"I have carefully read and reread the articles on the myrtle bee, and I can come to no other conclusion than that it is not a bird at all, but an insect, one of the hawkmoths, and probably the humming-bird hawkmoth. We have so many indefatigable genuine field naturalists, picking up every straggler which is blown to our coasts, that I cannot think it possible there is a bird at all common to any district of England, and yet totally unknown to science. Now, insects are often exceedingly abundant in particular localities, yet scarcely known beyond them. The size C. Brown describes as certainly not larger than half that of the common wren. The humming-bird (H. M.) is scarcely so large as this, but its vibratory motion would make it look somewhat larger than it really is. Its breadth, from tip to tip of the wings, is twenty to twenty-four lines. The myrtle bee's "short flight is rapid, steady, and direct," exactly that of the hawkmoth. The tongue of the myrtle bee is "round, sharp, and pointed at the end, appearing capable of penetration," not a bad popular description of the suctorial trunk of the hawkmoth, from which it gains its generic name, Macroglossa. Its second pair of wings are of a rusty yellow colour, which, when closed, would give it it the appearance of being "tinged with yellow about the vent." It has also a tuft of scaly hairs at the extremity of the abdomen, which would suggest the idea of a tail. In fact, on the wing, it appears very like a little bird, as attested by its common name. In habit it generally retires from the mid-day sun, which would account for its being "put up" by the dogs. The furze-chat, mentioned by C. Brown, is the Saxicola rubetra, commonly also called the whinchat. Wm. Hazel. Mousehunt (Vol. ix., p. 65. &c.).—G. Tennyson identifies the mousehunt with the beechmartin, the very largest of our Mustelidæ, on the authority of Henley "the dramatic commentator." Was he a naturalist too? I never heard of him as such. Now, Mr. W. R. D. Salmon, who first asked the question, speaks of it as less than the common weasel, and quotes Mr. Colquhoun's
- 31. opinion, that it is only "the young of the year." I have no doubt at all that this is correct. The young of all the Mustelidæ hunt, and to a casual observer exhibit all the actions of full-grown animals, when not more than half the size of their parents. There seems no reason to suppose that there are more than four species known in England, the weasel, the stoat or ermine, the polecat, and the martin. The full-grown female of the weasel is much smaller than the male. Go to any zealous gamekeeper's exhibition, and you will see them of many gradations in size. Wm. Hazel. Longfellow's "Hyperion" (Vol. ix., p. 495.).—I would offer the following rather as a suggestion than as an answer to Mordan Gillott. But it has always appeared to me that Longfellow has himself explained, by a simple allusion in the work, the reason which dictated the name of his Hyperion. As the ancients fabled Hyperion to be the offspring of the heavens and the earth; so, in his aspirations, and his weakness and sorrows, Flemming (the hero of the work) personifies, as it were, the mingling of heaven and earth in the heart and mind of a man of true nobility. The passage to which I allude is the following: "Noble examples of a high purpose, and a fixed will! Do they not move, Hyperion-like, on high? Were they not likewise sons of heaven and earth?"—Book iv. ch. 1. Seleucus. Benjamin Rush (Vol. ix., p. 451.).—Inquirer asks "Why the freedom of Edinburgh was conferred upon him?" I have looked into the Records of the Town Council, and found the following entry: "4th March, 1767. The Council admit and receive Richard Stocktoun, Esquire, of New Jersey, Councillour at Law, and Benjamin Rush, Esquire, of Philadelphia, to be burgesses and gild brethren of this city, in the most ample form."
- 32. But there is no reason assigned. James Laurie, Conjoint Town Clerk. Quakers executed in North America (Vol. ix., p. 305.).—A fuller account of these nefarious proceedings is detailed in an abstract of the sufferings of the people called Quakers, in 2 vols., 1733; vol. i. (Appendix) pp. 491-514., and in vol. iii. pp. 195-232. E. D.
- 33. Notices to Correspondents. For the purpose of inserting as many Replies as possible in this, the closing Number of our Ninth Volume, we have this week omitted our usual Notes on Books and Lists of Books wanted to purchase. W. W. (Malta). Received with many thanks. R. H. (Oxford). For Kentish Men and Men of Kent, see "N. & Q.," Vol. v., pp. 321. 615. Mr. Long's easy Calotype Process reached us too late for insertion this week. It shall appear in our next. "Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday. "Notes and Queries" is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the convenience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the unstamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties resident in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the weekly Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from the Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of "Notes and Queries" (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and fourpence for six months, which may be paid by Post-Office Order, drawn in favour of the Publisher, Mr. George Bell, No. 186. Fleet Street. DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT BROWN COD LIVER OIL. Prepared for medicinal use in the Loffoden Isles, Norway, and put to the test of chemical analysis. The most effectual remedy for Consumption,
- 34. Bronchitis, Asthma, Gout, Chronic Rheumatism, and all Scrofulous Diseases. Approved of and recommended by Berzelius, Liebig, Woehler, Jonathan Pereira, Fouquier, and numerous other eminent medical men and scientific chemists in Europe. Specially rewarded with medals by the Governments of Belgium and the Netherlands. Has almost entirely superseded all other kinds on the Continent, in consequence of its proved superior power and efficacy—effecting a cure much more rapidly. Contains iodine, phosphate of chalk, volatile acid, and the elements of the bile—in short, all its most active and essential principles—in larger quantities than the pale oils made in England and Newfoundland, deprived mainly of these by their mode of preparation. Sold Wholesale and Retail, in bottles, labelled with Dr. de Jongh's Stamp and Signature, by ANSAR, HARFORD, & CO., 77. Strand, Sole Consignees and Agents for the United Kingdom and British Possessions; and by all respectable Chemists and Vendors of Medicine in Town and Country, at the following prices:— Imperial Measure, Half-pints, 2s. 6d.; Pints, 4s. 9d. BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate
- 35. Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully examine, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. BENNET, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Patronised by the Royal Family. TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the following: THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED. BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine, effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its astonishing efficacy. Bottles 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal to 4 small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever invented. SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED. BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the first families. Bottles, 5s.
- 36. BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps. Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN & FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY, 63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure them. ROSS & SONS' INSTANTANEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell, the best and cheapest extant.—ROSS & SONS have several private apartments devoted entirely to Dyeing the Hair, and particularly request a visit, especially from the incredulous, as they will undertake to dye a portion of their hair, without charging, of any colour required, from the lightest brown to the darkest black, to convince them of its effect. Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6d., 10s., 15s., and 20s. each case. Likewise wholesale to the Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon. Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bishopsgate Street, Six Doors from Cornhill, London. ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other
- 37. travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps. MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the kind ever produced. J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. ONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.—HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises handsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads, Children's Cribs and Cots of new and elegant designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree Bedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufacture, many of them fitted with Furnitures, complete. A large Assortment of Servants' and Portable Bedsteads. They have also every variety of Furniture for the complete furnishing of a Bed Room. HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED AND PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING, sent Free by Post. HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road. PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS. KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps. Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
- 38. An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens. GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION. THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission. £ s. d. A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent Process 1 1 0 Additional Copies (each) 0 5 0 A Coloured Portrait, highly finished (small size) 3 3 0 A Coloured Portrait, highly finished (larger size) 5 5 0 Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions, Churches, &c., taken at a short notice. Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed. Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus. PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. New Bond Street. THE LONDON SCHOOL OF PHOTOGRAPHY, 78. Newgate Street.—At this Institution, Ladies and Gentlemen may learn in One Hour to take Portraits and Landscapes, and purchase the necessary Apparatus for Five Pounds. No charge is made for the Instruction.
- 39. IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of Photography. Instruction in the Art. THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per Post, 1s. 2d. WHOLESALE PHOTOGRAPHIC DEPOT: DANIEL M‘MILLAN, 132. Fleet Street, London. The Cheapest House in Town for every Description of Photographic Apparatus, Materials, and Chemicals. * * * Price List Free on Application. COCOA-NUT FIBRE MATTING and MATS, of the best quality.—The Jury of Class 28, Great Exhibition, awarded the Prize Medal to T. TRELOAR, Cocoa-Nut Fibre Manufacturer, 42. Ludgate Hill, London. COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent in the hands of the photographer. Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
- 40. Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. Instruction in the Processes. BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. London. * * * Catalogues sent on application. THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively employed by BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS. OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above, where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The The Trade supplied. PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
- 41. Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street. PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.—D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square (established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial, signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:—"We, the undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hassé, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee. A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H. Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. E. Wright", &c. D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis. WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
- 42. 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. Founded A.D. 1842. Directors. H. E. Bicknell, Esq. T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. G. H. Drew, Esq. W. Evans, Esq. W. Freeman, Esq. F. Fuller, Esq. J. H. Goodhart, Esq. T. Grissell, Esq. J. Hunt, Esq. J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. E. Lucas, Esq. J. Lys Seager, Esq. J. B. White, Esq. J. Carter Wood, Esq. Trustees.—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq. Physician.—William Rich. Basham, M.D. Bankers.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus. Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:— Age £ s. d. Age £ s. d. 17 1 14 4 32 2 10 8 22 1 18 8 37 2 18 6
- 43. 27 2 4 5 42 3 8 2 ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London. ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.—MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY, Burton-on-Trent; and at the under- mentioned Branch Establishments: LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City. LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street. MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place. DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree. GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street. DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay. BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall. SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol. MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially asked for.
- 44. When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it. CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on application. CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool; 16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton. Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, June 24. 1854.
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