The Digestive System by Roshni Kumari.pptx
- 1. The Digestive System By Roshni Kumari
- 2. Introduction The Digestive System is used for breaking down food nutrients which then pass into the circulatory system and are taken to where they are needed in the body.
- 3. Introduction There are Four Stages of food processing: 1. Ingestion: taking in food 2. Digestion: Breaking down food into nutrients 3. Adsorption: taking in nutrients by cells 4. Engestion: removing any leftover wastes
- 4. Mechanical (physical) ● Chew ● Tear ● Grind ● Mash ● Mix Chemical Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of ● Carbohydrates ● Proteins ● Lipids ● Teeth: Grinds your food ● Salivary Glands: Produce the saliva in your mouth ● Tongue: Helps to push food into your esophagus Types of the Digestion Parts of the Digestion
- 5. Digestive System Organization Gastrointestinal (GI) tract ● Tube within a tube ● Direct link/path between organs ● Structures ○ Mouth ○ Pharynx ○ Esophagus ○ Stomach ○ Small intestine ○ Large intestine ○ Rectum
- 6. Digestive System Organization Gastrointestinal (GI) tract ● Tube within a tube ● Direct link/path between organs ● Structures ○ Mouth ○ Pharynx ○ Esophagus ○ Stomach ○ Small intestine ○ Large intestine ○ Rectum
- 7. Digestive System Organization Gastrointestinal (GI) tract ● Tube within a tube ● Direct link/path between organs ● Structures ○ Mouth ○ Pharynx ○ Esophagus ○ Stomach ○ Small intestine ○ Large intestine ○ Rectum
- 8. Digestive System Organization Gastrointestinal (GI) tract ● Tube within a tube ● Direct link/path between organs ● Structures ○ Mouth ○ Pharynx ○ Esophagus ○ Stomach ○ Small intestine ○ Large intestine ○ Rectum
- 9. Digestive System Organization Gastrointestinal (GI) tract ● Tube within a tube ● Direct link/path between organs ● Structures ○ Mouth ○ Pharynx ○ Esophagus ○ Stomach ○ Small intestine ○ Large intestine ○ Rectum
- 10. Digestive System Organization Gastrointestinal (GI) tract ● Tube within a tube ● Direct link/path between organs ● Structures ○ Mouth ○ Pharynx ○ Esophagus ○ Stomach ○ Small intestine ○ Large intestine ○ Rectum
- 11. Digestive System Organization Gastrointestinal (GI) tract ● Tube within a tube ● Direct link/path between organs ● Structures ○ Mouth ○ Pharynx ○ Esophagus ○ Stomach ○ Small intestine ○ Large intestine ○ Rectum
- 12. Digestive System Organization Gastrointestinal (GI) tract ● Tube within a tube ● Direct link/path between organs ● Structures ○ Mouth ○ Pharynx ○ Esophagus ○ Stomach ○ Small intestine ○ Large intestine ○ Rectum
- 13. Mouth •Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva (contains amylase, which helps break down starch). •Epiglottis is a flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it. It is located in the Pharynx.
- 14. Teeth 1. Incisors- Biting and Cutting 2. Canines- Grasping and Tearing 3. Pre-Molars- Grinding and crushing 4. Molars- Grinding and Crushing
- 15. Esophagus ● Approximately 20 cm long. ● Functions include: 1. Secrete mucus 2. Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis ● If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s heartburn.
- 16. Stomach ● J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces. ● Mixes food with Digestive Juices that contain enzymes to break down Proteins and Lipids. ● Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills Bacteria. ● Food found in the stomach is called Chyme.
- 17. Small Intestine ● Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long ● Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area. ● The villi are covered in microvilli which further increases surface area for absorption.
- 18. Small Intestine ● Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls. ● Absorbs: – 80% ingested water –Vitamins –Minerals –Carbohydrates –Proteins –Lipids ● Secretes digestive enzymes
- 19. Large Intestine ● About 1.5 meters long ● Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb ● Rectum (short term storage which holds feces before it is expelled). ● Functions –Bacterial digestion ● Ferment carbohydrates –Absorbs more water – Concentrate wastes
- 20. Accessory Organs (The Glands) ● Not part of the path of food, but play a critical role. ● Include: Liver, Gallbladder, and pancreas
- 21. Liver ● Directly affects digestion by producing bile –Bile helps digest fat ● filters out toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol and poisons.
- 22. Gallbladder ● Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small intestine. ● Fatty diets can cause gallstones
- 23. Pancreas ● Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins ● Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin
- 24. Thank You