The enterprise is the story
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The document discusses the importance of considering both structure and narrative/story when developing enterprise architecture. It argues that while current EA focuses mainly on structure, architecture is also about telling stories. It uses the example of Rio de Janeiro's Carnival to illustrate how the structures like the Sambadromo only make sense and have meaning within the larger story and cultural context of Carnival. The document advocates maintaining a balance between structure and story in enterprise architecture in order to fully capture and support the enterprise. It also suggests tools for EA could better support incorporating narrative elements like images, audio and video.
The enterprise is the story
- 1. the futures of business The enterprise is a story a narrative approach to enterprise-architecture Tom Graves, Tetradian Consulting Integrated EA Conference, London, March 2012
- 2. “What’s the story?” “What’s the story?”
- 4. “Two points of view on architecture” • Architecture is responsible to universal knowledge A proper building is an exercise in truth and is wholly honest in the expression of its functions and materials • Architecturevehicle for the telling in stories, Architecture is a is an exercise narrative of a canvas for relaying societal myths, a stage for the theatre of everyday life Chapter 84, in Matthew Frederick, 101 Things I Learned In Architecture School, MIT Press, 2007
- 5. Another way to view this... • Architecture is responsible to universal knowledge A proper building is an exercise in truth - architecture is about structure and is wholly honest in the expression of its functions and materials • Architecturevehicle for the telling in stories, Architecture is a is an exercise narrative of - architecture is about story a canvas for relaying societal myths, a stage for the theatre of everyday life
- 6. Current EA emphasises structure... So, here’s a structure...
- 7. The Sambadromo, in Rio de Janeiro... CC-BY Avodrocc via Flickr
- 8. Which, on its own, doesn’t really tell us anything... That’s the problem with structure. To make sense of a structure, we need the story... CC-BY Avodrocc via Flickr
- 9. ...in this case, the story of Carnaval. CC-BY Boban021 via Flickr
- 10. For this city, a huge shared-story... CC-BY sfmission via Flickr
- 11. Full of colour, sound, spectacle... CC-BY sfmission via Flickr
- 12. ...and occasional extremes... CC-BY sfmission via Flickr
- 13. But it’s more about exuberance, and pride... CC-BY sfmission via Flickr
- 14. The young(er)... CC-BY sfmission via Flickr
- 15. The old(er)... CC-BY sfmission via Flickr
- 16. The whole community... CC-BY sfmission via Flickr
- 17. And if a line-up like this... CC-BY sfmission via Flickr
- 18. Might remind you of this... CC-BY bobaliciouslondon via Flickr
- 19. ...do remember to keep track of the story? CC-BY sfmission via Flickr
- 20. Yet when the party’s over, and it’s time to head home... CC-BY sfmission via Flickr
- 21. Someone must be there to clean up... - because that’s part of the story too. CC-BY otubo via Flickr
- 22. Process, assets, data, locations.... - all the usual structure-stuff... ...all those necessary details of organisation. CC-BY jorgeBRAZIL via Flickr
- 23. Organisation focusses on structure CC-BY Avodrocc via Flickr
- 24. yet the enterprise is the story. CC-BY Boban021 via Flickr
- 25. The structure happens because of the story.
- 26. Structures may be re-used for other stories, but the structure itself is not the story.
- 27. A key task of enterprise-architecture is to remember and design for that fact, maintaining the balance between structure and story. Architecture is about structure. Architecture is also about story. We need both, to make it all happen. CC-BY SheilaTostes via Flickr
- 28. “What’s the story?” “A cast of thousands!”
- 29. Whose architecture? Some of the ‘cast’ - stakeholders - in the Carnaval story.
- 30. Whose architecture? “An architecture describes structure to support a shared-story.” Tom Graves, The Enterprise As Story, Tetradian, 2012 Organisation aligns with structure, enterprise with story. We need a balance of both for the architecture to work.
- 31. Whose architecture? “We create an architecture for an organisation, but about an enterprise.” Tom Graves, Mapping the Enterprise, Tetradian, 2010 Organisation aligns with structure, enterprise with story. We need a balance of both for the architecture to work.
- 32. Whose architecture? “An organisation is bounded by rules, roles and responsibilities; an enterprise is bounded by vision, values and commitments.” Tom Graves, Mapping the Enterprise, Tetradian, 2010 Organisation aligns with structure, enterprise with story. We need a balance of both for the architecture to work.
- 33. Whose architecture? A useful guideline: “The enterprise in scope should be three steps larger than the organisation in scope.” Tom Graves, Mapping the Enterprise, Tetradian, 2010
- 34. Whose story? If the organisation says it ‘is’ the enterprise, there’s no shared-story - and often, no story at all.
- 35. Whose story? The minimum real enterprise is the supply-chain - a story of shared transactions.
- 36. Whose story? The organisation and enterprise of the supply-chain take place within a broader organisation of the market.
- 37. Whose story? The market itself exists within a context of ‘intangible’ interactions with the broader shared-enterprise story.
- 38. Whose story? “Customers do not appear in our processes... ...we appear in their experiences.” Chris Potts, recrEAtion, Technics, 2010 We must create the architecture around the shared-story - not solely around our organisation’s structures.
- 39. Whose enterprise? All of these are stakeholders in the enterprise of Carnaval.
- 40. Whose enterprise? • We choose to align with an enterprise • We do not possesses us...) enterprise (if anything, it possess that • We have our own business-values, but those values must uphold the enterprise-values • Note: valuesaare not necessarily monetary (for Carnaval, monetary focus may destroy enterprise-values of pride and community)
- 41. Whose enterprise? Stakeholders and their respective business-drivers.
- 42. Whose enterprise? • Each player is in relation with all other players (relation may be indirect, but always exists) • Players whose values align most closely with the enterprise-values should take the lead • Grey-economy is parasitic to Carnaval • Anti-clients may share overall vision (but disagree with us on how it should be achieved)
- 43. “What’s the story?” “The plot thickens...”
- 44. Plot and process “Process is the use of structure (the organisation view) Plot is the unfolding of story (the enterprise view)” Tom Graves, The Enterprise As Story, Tetradian, 2012
- 45. Process as story “Each traverse through a business-process is a self-contained story with its own actors, actions and events” Tom Graves, The Enterprise As Story, Tetradian, 2012
- 46. The story-cycle (Start here) (adapted from classic Group Dynamics project-lifecycle and VPEC-T framework)
- 47. Where’s the story? Tom Graves, The Enterprise As Story, Tetradian, 2012
- 48. process-volume... CC-BY AllBrazilian via Wikimedia
- 50. business-scenario... CC-BY jorgeBRAZIL via Flickr
- 51. use-case... CC-BY ~ggvic~ via Flickr
- 52. resource-management... CC-BY fairfaxcounty via Flickr
- 53. exchange-protocol... CC-BY quaziefoto via Flickr
- 54. transaction... CC-BY Jack Zalium via Flickr
- 55. governance... CC-BY Alicia Nijdam via Flickr
- 56. system-overload... CC-BY-SA adriagarcia via Flickr
- 57. standards... and risks... CC-BY rodrigofranca via Flickr
- 58. customer-experience... CC-BY jorgeBRAZIL via Flickr
- 59. ...customer-journey? CC-BY elbragon via Flickr
- 60. And remember... “Customers do not appear in our processes... ...we appear in their stories.” paraphrase from Chris Potts, recrEAtion, Technics, 2010 Our organisation acts within the scope of the enterprise: think broader-enterprise first - outside-in, not inside-out.
- 61. “What’s the story?” “To be continued...”
- 62. Four types of stories • Single-shot: enterprise delimited by one project with a clear ‘character-arc’ or change • Sequel: re-uses a previous enterprise, but often without any new character-arc • Series: different stories within the same ‘world’ bounded by the enterprise • Serial: continuing stories within a ‘world’ (Most enterprise-stories work best as series or serial.)
- 63. The strategy-cycle (overall cycle and relationships need to be kept in balance)
- 64. The market-cycle boundary of ‘market’ in conventional business-models • (transactions depend on (reaffirmed) reputation and trust)
- 66. ‘Quick-money’ failure-cycle (incomplete short-cut after transaction-profit slowly erodes trust / respect, breaks continuity of market-cycle)
- 67. “What’s the story?” “Every picture tells a story”
- 68. Most current EA toolsets are for design of static structures... CC-BY Avodrocc via Flickr
- 69. ...we also need our tools to support the story. CC-BY Boban021 via Flickr
- 70. Supporting the story “A challenge to vendors of EA toolsets: we need stronger support for story within our EA tools: images, audio, video and more.” Tom Graves, The Enterprise As Story, Tetradian, 2012
- 71. Often excellent on structure...
- 72. ...but where’s the story?
- 73. From structure to story (Published variants of Business Model Canvas) Alex Osterwalder / Alan Smith and others (cc) 2012
- 74. From structure to story (Published variants of Business Model Canvas) Alex Osterwalder / Alan Smith and others (cc) 2012
- 75. From structure to story (Published variants of Business Model Canvas) Alex Osterwalder / Alan Smith and others (cc) 2012
- 76. From structure to story “Business Model Canvas In 2 Minutes” (YouTube: http://youtu.be/QoAOzMTLP5s ) Alex Osterwalder / Alan Smith / businessmodeltv and others (cc) 2012
- 77. Wherever we are in architecture, wherever we see structure, we also need to be able to describe... “What’s the story?” CC-BY SheilaTostes via Flickr
- 78. “What’s the story?” “What’s the story story?” for your enterprise?”
- 79. Further information: Contact: Tom Graves Company: Tetradian Consulting Email: [email protected] Twitter: @tetradian ( http://twitter.com/tetradian ) Weblog: http://weblog.tetradian.com Slidedecks: http://www.slideshare.net/tetradian Publications: http://tetradianbooks.com Books: • The enterprise as story: the role of narrative in enterprise-architecture (2012) • Mapping the enterprise: modelling the enterprise as services with the Enterprise Canvas (2010) • Everyday enterprise-architecture: sensemaking, strategy, structures and solutions (2010) • Doing enterprise-architecture: process and practice in the real enterprise (2009)