The First Mile -- Edge and IoT Data Collection with Apache NiFi and MiNiFi
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The presentation discusses the challenges of dataflow in the context of IoT, introducing Apache NiFi as a solution for data collection and management. It also presents Apache MiNiFi as a lightweight alternative to NiFi for edge data processing. Key features include guaranteed delivery, security functionalities, and the capability to handle various data formats and protocols.
![© Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved7
• Standards
• Formats
• Protocols
• Veracity
• Validity
• Schemas
• Partitioning/Bun
dling
Data
Dataflow Challenges in 3 Categories
Infrastructure
• “Exactly Once”
Delivery
• Ensuring
Security
• Overcoming
Security
• Credential
Management
• Network
People
• Compliance
• “That
[person|team|g
roup]”
• Consumers
Change
• Requirements
Change
• “Exactly Once”
Delivery](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/200pm1400orchardthefirstmile-edgeandiotdatacollectionwithapachenifiandminifiandylopresto1-181017184448/85/The-First-Mile-Edge-and-IoT-Data-Collection-with-Apache-NiFi-and-MiNiFi-7-320.jpg)
The First Mile -- Edge and IoT Data Collection with Apache NiFi and MiNiFi
- 1. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved1 The First Mile – Edge and IoT Data Collection with Apache NiFi and MiNiFi Andy LoPresto | @yolopey Sr. Member of Technical Staff at Hortonworks, Apache NiFi PMC & Committer 11 October 2018 Dataworks Summit Singapore
- 2. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved2 Gauging Audience Familiarity with NiFi “What’s a NeeFee?” No experience with dataflow No experience with NiFi “I can pick this up pretty quickly” Some experience with dataflow Some experience with NiFi “I refactored the Ambari integration endpoint to allow for mutual authentication TLS during my coffee break” Forgotten more about NiFi than most of us will ever know
- 3. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved3 Agenda • What is dataflow and what are the challenges? • Apache NiFi • IoT Challenges • Apache MiNiFi • Exploration • Community • All slides provided online, so no need to transcribe
- 4. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved4 What Is Dataflow?
- 5. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved5 What Is Dataflow? • Moving some content from A to B • Content could be any bytes • Logs • HTTP • XML • CSV • Images • Video • Telemetry Producers A.K.A Things Anything AND Everything Internet! Consumers • User • Storage • System • …More Things
- 6. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved6 Moving Data Effectively Is Hard “Data Pipeline” https://xkcd.com/2054/
- 7. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved7 • Standards • Formats • Protocols • Veracity • Validity • Schemas • Partitioning/Bun dling Data Dataflow Challenges in 3 Categories Infrastructure • “Exactly Once” Delivery • Ensuring Security • Overcoming Security • Credential Management • Network People • Compliance • “That [person|team|g roup]” • Consumers Change • Requirements Change • “Exactly Once” Delivery
- 8. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved8 Raise your hand if you want to maintain Python scripts for the rest of your life Let’s Connect Lots of As to Bs to As to Cs to Bs to Δs to Cs to ϕs
- 9. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved9 What Is Apache NiFi?
- 10. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved10 • Guaranteed delivery • Data buffering • Backpressure • Pressure release • Prioritized queuing • Flow specific QoS • Latency vs. throughput • Loss tolerance Key Features Apache NiFi • Data provenance • Supports push and pull models • Recovery/recording a rolling log of fine-grained history • Visual command and control • Flow templates • Pluggable, multi-tenant security • Designed for extension • Clustering
- 11. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved11 Flowfiles Are Like HTTP Data HTTPData FlowFile HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:26:07 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.8 (CentOS) OpenSSL/0.9.8g Last-Modified: Sun, 26 Sep 2010 22:04:35 GMT ETag: "45b6-834-49130cc1182c0" Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 13 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html Hello world! Standard FlowFile Attributes Key: 'entryDate’ Value: 'Fri Jun 17 17:15:04 EDT 2016' Key: 'lineageStartDate’ Value: 'Fri Jun 17 17:15:04 EDT 2016' Key: 'fileSize’ Value: '23609' FlowFile Attribute Map Content Key: 'filename’ Value: '15650246997242' Key: 'path’ Value: './’ Binary Content * Header Content
- 12. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved12 User Interface Less of this… … more of this
- 13. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved13 Deeper Ecosystem Integration: 274+ Processors, 57 Controller Services Hash Extract Merge Duplicate Scan GeoEnrich Replace ConvertSplit Translate Route Content Route Context Route Text Control Rate Distribute Load Generate Table Fetch Jolt Transform JSON Prioritized Delivery Encrypt Tail Evaluate Execute All Apache project logos are trademarks of the ASF and the respective projects. Fetch HTTP Syslog Email HTML Image HL7 FTP UDP XML SFTP AMQP WebSocket Parse Records Convert Records
- 14. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved22 What Are the IoT Challenges?
- 15. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved23 IoT Challenges • Limited computing capability • Limited power/network • Restricted software library/platform availability • No UI • Physically inaccessible • Not frequently updated • Competing standards/protocols • Scalability • Privacy & Security @_lennart
- 16. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved24 • When the Mirai attack has its own Wikipedia page, that’s not good • Hackers stole high-roller database from casino via aquarium thermometer connected to internet (04/2018) Recent Examples
- 17. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved25 • Runs on JVM • Provides UI for flow design & monitoring • Security built-in • TLS, authentication/authorization, encrypted data • Handles practically any format/protocol NiFi Solves Everything*
- 18. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved26 • NiFi supports AMQP, MQTT, UDP, TCP, HTTP(S), CEF, JMS, (S)FTP, AWSIoT • With a little pruning, NiFi can run on a Raspberry Pi NiFi for IoT
- 19. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved27 • NiFi is designed to “own the box” • NiFi 0.7.x started up in about 10-15 minutes on RP3 (593 MB) • NiFi 1.x started up in about 30 minutes on RP3 (760 MB) • 33 new processors • Rewrite for multi tenant authorization • Complete UI overhaul So Why Do We Need a Different Solution?
- 20. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved28 Enter Apache MiNiFi
- 21. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved29 • Get the key parts of NiFi close to where data begins and provide bidirectional communication • NiFi lives in the data center — give it an enterprise server or a cluster of them • MiNiFi lives as close to where data is born and is a guest on that device or system • IoT • Connected car • Legacy hardware Apache NiFi Subproject: MiNiFi
- 22. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved30 • NiFi is big • 1.7.1 release is 1.2 GB compressed • Can be modified to run in restricted environments, but requires manual surgery • Provides UI, provenance query, etc. • Runs on dedicated machines/clusters — “owns the box” • MiNiFi lives at the edge • No UI • 0.5.0 Java release is 67 MB, C++ release is 6.1 MB (0.2.0 fits on a floppy disk) • “Good guest” Why Build MiNiFi?
- 23. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved31 • MiNiFi Java (v0.5.0) • Modified version of NiFi • No UI • YAML configuration • Reduced processor count • 63+ by default, more available with additional NARs • MiNiFi C++ (v0.5.0) • Written from scratch • 33 processors by default • Bi-directional site-to-site & provenance data Flavors of MiNiFi
- 24. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved32 NiFi vs. MiNiFi Java Processes NiFi Framework Components MiNiFi NiFi Framework User Interface Components NiFi
- 25. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved33 • NiFi • Design flows • Aggregate data from many sources • Perform routing/analysis/SEP • MiNiFi • Receive flows • Collect data • Send for processing How Does MiNiFi Interact with NiFi?
- 26. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved34 • We’ve been imagining EDGE to CORE as a bi-directional linear system • Let’s expand that to the real world Let’s Add Dimensionality
- 27. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved35 • Data tagging/provenance • Governance from edge (geopolitical restrictions) • Security (encryption, certificate-based authentication) • Low latency (immediate reactions & decision-making) What Does MiNiFi Provide? Connected Car Reference Platform Box Tuner + DSRC CardConnectivity Card
- 28. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved36 MiNiFi on a Connected Car Comprehension Collection CAN Bus Gateway MCU MCU MCU Ethernet / Ethernet AVB Local Interconnect Network Yet to be established protocol Listen Ethernet Listen LINListen CAN Listen <> Parse CAN Parse Ethernet Parse LIN Parse <> Processing / Synthesis Route Transmit Execute PrioritizeFilter
- 29. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved37 MiNiFi on a Connected Car
- 30. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved38 • Site-to-Site • NiFi protocol • Two implementations • Raw socket • HTTP(S) • Secured with mutual authentication TLS • HTTP(S), (S)FTP, JMS, Syslog, File, Email, Process MiNiFi Exfil
- 31. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved39 Edge Data Exploration
- 32. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved40 • IoT Device generating log messages • Need to encrypt data on device • Need to prioritize some data for unreliable network connectivity • Transmit data to central node • Decrypt data and analyze • Make determinations and modify live flow Scenario
- 33. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved41 • Simulate the log generation • Schedule is customizable • Script can write to dynamic location NiFi as Test Harness/Environment
- 34. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved42 • Tails a log file • Logs the raw contents (can be multiple lines in time window) • Splits into individual lines • Filters the content • Using parity of the timestamp • Prioritizes • Encrypts using AES/GCM • Exfils to remote NiFi Build the MiNiFi Flow
- 35. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved43 • Save as template from NiFi • Run $ ./bin/config.sh transform template.xml config.yml • MiNiFi flow ready to run* *Still need to set up TLS & encrypted properties Export from NiFi to MiNiFi
- 36. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved44 • NiFi TLS Toolkit makes certificates & keystores simple (and secure) • Copy encrypted property value from flow.xml.gz to config.yml (flow repo) Setting up Crypto
- 37. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved45 • All data transmitted over TLS is encrypted • On NiFi, automatically decrypted • Attributes visible • Content still encrypted because of EncryptContent processor • Can serve as secure route for follow-on systems If We Really Have TLS, Why Encrypt?
- 38. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved46 • Receive the data over S2S • Log the incoming messages • Decrypt content • Log again Process Data In NiFi
- 39. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved47 Does It Work?
- 40. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved48 • Increase the write frequency • Check that newer records (within tail window) with higher priority arrive first Prioritization?
- 41. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved49 • Window Aggregator • If >60% odd in window, switch prioritization • Encrypt with different keys for different tags & send to different follow-on systems • Spotty network? Tell MiNiFi to cache low priority and send in batches • MiNiFi rollover & pruning of monitored log • Exfil MiNiFi provenance data to NiFi Next Steps
- 42. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved50 Community
- 43. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved51 Community Example • Jeremy Dyer • Alexa + MiNiFi + Dyer 2.0 http://www.opensourcedad.com/apache/minifi-cpp/2016/12/18/poop-scale.html
- 44. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved52 What’s Next?
- 45. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved53 • NiFi 1.8.0 — … Oct 2018 (170+ Jiras) • Jetty, DB improvements • Auto load-balancing queues • TLS Toolkit w/ external CA • Record processor improvements • MiNiFi C++ 0.5.0 — 6 June 2018 • MiNiFi Java 0.5.0 — 7 July 2018 • NiFi Registry 0.3.0 — 25 Sept 2018 Introducing Apache NiFi Registry New Announcements
- 46. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved54 • Previously, flows were exported via XML templates • Didn’t contain sensitive values • Couldn’t be updated in-place • No tracking system • NiFi Registry brings asset management as first-class citizen to NiFi • Flows can be versioned • Flows can be promoted between environments Introducing Apache NiFi Registry 0.3.0 NiFi Registry for Dataflows
- 47. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved55 Community Health
- 48. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved56 Apache NiFi site https://nifi.apache.org Subproject MiNiFi site https://nifi.apache.org/minifi/ Subscribe to and collaborate at [email protected] [email protected] Submit Ideas or Issues https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/NIFI Follow us on Twitter @apachenifi Learn More and Join us
- 49. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved57 More NiFi Today… Title Time Room The First Mile – Edge and IoT Data Collection with Apache NiFi and MiNiFi 1400 – 1440 Orchard Dataflow Management From Edge to Core with Apache NiFi 1450 – 1330 Orchard
- 50. © Hortonworks Inc. 2011–2018. All rights reserved58 Thank you [email protected] | [email protected] | @yolopey github.com/alopresto/slides