The French Colonies of North America
Download as PPTX, PDF2 likes1,869 views
The document summarizes the French colonies in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes how the French settled in areas like Canada and Louisiana, establishing colonies called New France. The French relied heavily on fur trading with local indigenous groups and formed alliances with Algonquian and Huron tribes. However, conflicts arose with the Iroquois tribe and over competition in the fur trade. The French colonies focused on trade but faced threats from growing English colonies and tensions with native populations.
The French Colonies of North America
- 1. The French Colonies of North AmericaHist 140 Theme 4Summer 2011By: Le Thi My Ho
- 2. 16th Century English, French, and Dutch mariners crossed the Atlantic Ocean to the New World which is safer to search and claim new colonies, trade riches, a better lifeBecause of long winters and short growing seasons, the northern lands of North America could not produce the tropical crops The French needed; making it a useless land Later discovered through trading with the natives around St. Lawrence Valley (Canada) about two profitable commodities that made northern colonization possible: fish and fursThe French and Indians were exchanging friendship gifts which initiated the idea of tradingThe French were exchanging metals, guns, knives, kettles, cloth, and alcohol in return the Indians gave them food and pelts from the animals they hunted - it became a mutual “dependency”With the introduction to firearms, it revolutionized Indian warfare, became a threat to the French and EuropeansAmerican Colonies 5 – Canada and Iroquoia
- 3. The Indians of Northeastern North America Algonquian - The Atlantic seaboard from New England to North CarolinaFishing, Hunters, and Gatherers over broad, cold territories Iroquoian – Lake Ontario and along the St. Lawrence ValleyHunters and GatherersFrench and Iroquois didn’t get along with us other
- 4. Fur trade brought tension, competition, and violence within the Iroquois
- 5. The Northern traders needed the Indians as allies and hunters so they can secure the fur trade
- 6. The French settled between Quebec and Montreal which is known as St. Lawrence Valley and called it New France and allied with the northern Algonquians, Micmac, Montagnais, Algonkin, and later the Hurons (who broke away from their fellow Iroquoians); not knowing that the Five Nation Iroquois were going to be their dangerous enemies
- 7. 1609 Battle – Samuel de Champlain and two French Musketeers helped their Indian allies defeat Iroquois WarriorsAmerican Colonies 5 – Canada and Iroquoia
- 8. Since the 1500s, Fur Trading Industry was one of the earliest major booming industries developing the U.S. and CanadaA great demand for beaver, fox, mink, otter, marten, bear furs among the EuropeansResulted more explorer coming to the New WorldThe Indians hunted, skinned, and treated the animal fur for fur tradeKnowing that the furs are in high demands, the Indians wanted high prices for their furs so they could reduce their workNatives appreciated the strength and cutting edge of metal arrowheads, hatchets, axes, and knivesAmerican Colonies 5 – Canada and Iroquoia
- 9. The Jesuit Priests were devoted to their god and faith and did whatever they can to protect their own kinds and beliefsConflicts between the Christian converts and those against Christianity within the Huron’s tribe1640 Iroquois launched an attack to the Huron Settlements, with a motive to destroy the Huron fur expeditionsThe campaign of 1648-1649 destroyed the Huron nationsAmerican Colonies 5 – Canada and Iroquoia
- 10. As the British colonies grew in numbers, power, and ambition, the French increasingly looked to the Indians to protect CanadaMajority of the French emigrants came from northern and western France seaportsCanada wasn’t what the French emigrants thought it to beThe French Crown encouraged emigrations by paying for their transatlantic passagesUntil 1663 Canada was the property of the fur trading company of New FranceAmerican Colonies 16 – French America
- 11. Frenchman Sieur de La Salle while sailing down the Mississippi River discovered LouisianaKing Louis XIV claimed the new territory The French colonies of New France and Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico, sweeping around British America, confined to the Atlantic seaboard east of the Appalachian mountainsTrade was their main focusAmerican Colonies 16 – French America
- 12. The French sent additional expeditions, both south from Canada and by sea from France, to occupy LouisianaLouisiana was dividedIndiansSettlersThe French wished to stabilize the native peoples to serve as enduring allies defending the margins of their colony and keeping the English at a safe distanceDetermined to compete with the Carolina traders, the French in Louisiana flattered the Indians with trade goods, especially firearmsAmerican Colonies 16 – French America
- 13. Louisiana French built an alliance by providing arbitration and presents to make peace between enemies near the Great Lakes
- 14. To reconcile and demonstrate the wages of peace to the Choctaw and Chickasaw natives, who shared the land east of the Mississippi and north of the Gulf, Iberville generously gave presents of guns, powder, shot, axes, knives, kettles, and beads in equal quantities to both delegations
- 15. 1717 – 1730 - Company of the Indies transported 5,400 European colonists and 6,000 African Slaves to Louisiana
- 16. As the English colonists grew even more numerous, prosperous, and confident, they developed their white racial solidarity and popular government, which compounded the insecurity of the French officialsAmerican Colonies 16 – Louisiana French America