The Future of Dependency Management for Ruby
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The document discusses integrating the Bundler dependency manager into the Ruby programming language core. It covers the benefits of integrating Bundler, such as allowing developers to manage library dependencies directly within Ruby projects. It also discusses challenges faced in integrating Bundler, like ensuring Bundler test suites work properly within the Ruby core codebase. The author details steps taken to start merging Bundler code into Ruby, including adding a "make test-bundler" command to run Bundler tests during development.
![self.introduce
=> {
name: “SHIBATA Hiroshi”,
nickname: “hsbt”,
organizations: [“ruby”, “rubygems”, “asakusarb”, “pepabo”, …],
commit_bits: [“ruby”, “rake”, “rubygems”, “bundler”, “rdoc”,
“psych”, “ruby-build”, “railsgirls”, “railsgirls-jp”, …],
sites: [“hsbt.org”, “ruby-lang.org”, “rubyci.org”, “railsgirls.com”,
“railsgirls.jp”],
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20190602-saintprubyconf-2019-190606131109/85/The-Future-of-Dependency-Management-for-Ruby-6-320.jpg)
![Inside Default gems
• The ruby core team can release default gems to the
rubygems.org. You can install them via RubyGems.
• Rubygems have a detection method for default gems.
• Default gems are openssl, psych, json, etc…
>> Gem.loaded_specs["did_you_mean"].default_gem?
=> false
>> require 'openssl'
=> true
>> Gem.loaded_specs["openssl"].default_gem?
=> true](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20190602-saintprubyconf-2019-190606131109/85/The-Future-of-Dependency-Management-for-Ruby-18-320.jpg)
![Remove deprecated code
• RubyGems have a lot of workarounds for old Ruby. They are
branches like RUBY_VERSION, respond_to?, defined?
- if [].respond_to? :flat_map
- def pinned_requirement name # :nodoc:
- requirement = Gem::Dependency.new name
- specification = @set.sets.flat_map { |set|
- set.find_all(requirement)
- }.compact.first
+ def pinned_requirement name # :nodoc:
+ requirement = Gem::Dependency.new name](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20190602-saintprubyconf-2019-190606131109/85/The-Future-of-Dependency-Management-for-Ruby-26-320.jpg)
![The location of execution wrapper
• Ruby core put executable file directly under the bin directory.
• We often faced conflict error when upgrading rdoc.
• When You put ‘y’, You completely lost original executable.
~ > gem update rdoc
Updating installed gems
Updating rdoc
Fetching: rdoc-6.0.4.gem (100%)
rdoc's executable "rdoc" conflicts with /Users/hsbt/.rbenv/versions/2.3.7/bin/rdoc
Overwrite the executable? [yN] y
rdoc's executable "ri" conflicts with /Users/hsbt/.rbenv/versions/2.3.7/bin/ri
Overwrite the executable? [yN] y
Successfully installed rdoc-6.0.4
Gems updated: rdoc](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20190602-saintprubyconf-2019-190606131109/85/The-Future-of-Dependency-Management-for-Ruby-34-320.jpg)
![Bundler Integration on RubyGems 2.7
• It disabled in Ruby
2.5 because
bundler is not part
of standard
library.
• You can enabled it
with only `gem
update --system`
if USE_BUNDLER_FOR_GEMDEPS
ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path(path)
require 'rubygems/user_interaction'
Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.use_ui(ui) do
require "bundler"
@gemdeps = Bundler.setup
Bundler.ui = nil
@gemdeps.requested_specs.map(&:to_spec).sort_by(&:name)
end
else
rs = Gem::RequestSet.new
@gemdeps = rs.load_gemdeps path
rs.resolve_current.map do |s|
s.full_spec.tap(&:activate)
end
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20190602-saintprubyconf-2019-190606131109/85/The-Future-of-Dependency-Management-for-Ruby-41-320.jpg)
![Update BundlerVersionFinder
•BundlerVersionFinder was
introduced at RubyGems 2.7
•It ability is the version detection
by RubyGems strictly. Ex. 1.17.3
matches only 1.17.3.
•We update the filter condition.
Now, 1.17.3 matches 1.x.y, 2.0.3
also matches 2.x.y.
def self.bundler_version_with_reason
if v = ENV["BUNDLER_VERSION"]
return [v, "`$BUNDLER_VERSION`"]
end
if v = bundle_update_bundler_version
return if v == true
return [v, "`bundle update --bundler`"]
end
v, lockfile = lockfile_version
if v
return [v, "your #{lockfile}"]
end
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20190602-saintprubyconf-2019-190606131109/85/The-Future-of-Dependency-Management-for-Ruby-45-320.jpg)
![The bundler switcher issue of Heroku
•https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-ruby/pull/850
•Heroku platform only uses version 1 of Bundler like 1.17.x. But Bundler
version finder of RubyGems detects Bundler 1 or 2 from your Gemfile.lock.
@schneems fixes this issue on heroku.
•When You use Gemfile.lock updated by Bundler 2 with `bundle update --
bundler`, Heroku reject your app. Now you can use Ruby 2.6 and Bundler 2
on heroku.
BLESSED_BUNDLER_VERSIONS = {}
BLESSED_BUNDLER_VERSIONS["1"] = "1.15.2"
BLESSED_BUNDLER_VERSIONS["2"] = "2.0.1"](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20190602-saintprubyconf-2019-190606131109/85/The-Future-of-Dependency-Management-for-Ruby-46-320.jpg)
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The Future of Dependency Management for Ruby
- 1. The integration for package ecosystem Hiroshi SHIBATA / GMO Pepabo, Inc. 2019.06.02 Saint P RubyConf 2019 The Future of library dependency management of Ruby
- 2. привет там!
- 4. Hiroshi SHIBATA @hsbt https://www.hsbt.org Executive Officer VP of Engineering Technical Director at GMO Pepabo, Inc. @pepabo
- 6. self.introduce => { name: “SHIBATA Hiroshi”, nickname: “hsbt”, organizations: [“ruby”, “rubygems”, “asakusarb”, “pepabo”, …], commit_bits: [“ruby”, “rake”, “rubygems”, “bundler”, “rdoc”, “psych”, “ruby-build”, “railsgirls”, “railsgirls-jp”, …], sites: [“hsbt.org”, “ruby-lang.org”, “rubyci.org”, “railsgirls.com”, “railsgirls.jp”], }
- 7. No.7
- 8. No.1
- 9. No.5
- 11. RubyKaigi 2020 is available at April 9-11, 2020 Matsumoto, Japan
- 12. Agenda •How to use libraries on the Ruby language? •What are RubyGems and Bundler? •What’s the Gamification project? •The Challenge for Bundler Integration •The future plans for RubyGems 4.0 and Bundler 2.1 •The Roadmap for Ruby 3.0
- 13. How to use libraries On the Ruby language? 1. 3/40min
- 14. What’s the standard library?
- 15. What’s the Standard library? • We called its “標準添付ライブラリ” in Japanese. • It needs to `require` difference from embedded libraries like String, Thread, etc. • It can be used without Bundler or RubyGems
- 16. Classification of standard libraries • Standard Libraries • Upstream: Only Ruby core repository(git.ruby-lang.org) • Release cycle: 1 year • Default Gems • Upstream: Ruby core repository and GitHub • Release cycle: 1year or maintainers matter • Bundled Gems • Upstream: Only GitHub • Release cycle: Maintainers matter
- 17. Stats of Standard library Standard Libraries Default Gems Bundled Gems Pure Ruby 44 22 7 C extensions 12 16 0 This matrix shows number of standard libraries and their classifications in Ruby 2.6.
- 18. Inside Default gems • The ruby core team can release default gems to the rubygems.org. You can install them via RubyGems. • Rubygems have a detection method for default gems. • Default gems are openssl, psych, json, etc… >> Gem.loaded_specs["did_you_mean"].default_gem? => false >> require 'openssl' => true >> Gem.loaded_specs["openssl"].default_gem? => true
- 19. Inside Bundled gems • We bundled *.gem and unpacked files to tarball package for Bundled gems with `gems/bundled_gems`. • `make install` installed Bundled gem your box.
- 20. What are RubyGems and Bundler? 2. 8/40min
- 21. What’s rubygems? RubyGems is a package management framework for Ruby. • rubygems/rubygems.org: • The Ruby community's gem host. • rubygems.org is maintain by infrastructure team of rubygems. It is different team from rubygems cli team. • rubygems/rubygems: • Command line tool of rubygems • Rubygems are created by Seattle.rb
- 22. Versioning Policy of RubyGems •We adopt SemVer policy with our best effort. •3 people handle vulnerability issues and will release RubyGems to “2.7.7” from “2.7.6” •On the other hand, The Ruby core team will back port only vulnerability fixes by independent version like “2.7.5.1”, not “2.7.7”
- 23. What’s new in RubyGems 3 •I released RubyGems 3 at 19 Dec 2018 https://blog.rubygems.org/2018/12/19/3.0.0-released.html •This version dropped to support the old Ruby versions like 1.8 and 1.9 •RubyGems 3 have a lot of features and bugfixes.
- 25. Do protect your account of RubyGems.org with 2-factor auth.
- 26. Remove deprecated code • RubyGems have a lot of workarounds for old Ruby. They are branches like RUBY_VERSION, respond_to?, defined? - if [].respond_to? :flat_map - def pinned_requirement name # :nodoc: - requirement = Gem::Dependency.new name - specification = @set.sets.flat_map { |set| - set.find_all(requirement) - }.compact.first + def pinned_requirement name # :nodoc: + requirement = Gem::Dependency.new name
- 27. What’s Bundler? •The vendoring tool of Ruby. •RubyGems couldn’t care dependency of Ruby libraries and isolate version managing with ruby process. •Bundler can do them with `Gemfile` # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" git_source(:github) { |repo| "https://github.com/#{repo}.git" } gemspec # We need a newish Rake since Active Job sets its test tasks' descriptions. gem "rake", ">= 11.1"
- 28. What’s new in Bundler 2? •We disabled the incompatible features like renaming `gems.rb` from `Gemfile` •They no longer support under the Ruby 2.2. •There is no incompatible feature from Bundler 1.17.x.
- 29. Only support Ruby 2.2+ • We can use the new features like Keywords argument, Refinement and others on RubyGems and Bundler now. • Finally, We make the build matrix to small size.
- 31. Gemification for standard library https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/5481 • We extracted stdlibs like net-telnet, xmlrpc, rake to bundled gems. • These are extracted under the https://github.com/ruby/ . And shipped on rubygems.org • Other gems are also extracted at the future.
- 32. Pros of Gemification • Maintainers can release gem for bugfix, new feature independent with Ruby core. • Easily backport stable version from develop version. Ruby users can use new feature on stable version. • If upstream is available on GitHub, Ruby users easily send patch via Pull request.
- 33. Cons of Gemification • Abandoned and complex dependency on rubygems and bundler. • Maintainers need to maintain ruby core and GitHub repositories both. • It’s hard to maintain compatibility with old ruby version.
- 34. The location of execution wrapper • Ruby core put executable file directly under the bin directory. • We often faced conflict error when upgrading rdoc. • When You put ‘y’, You completely lost original executable. ~ > gem update rdoc Updating installed gems Updating rdoc Fetching: rdoc-6.0.4.gem (100%) rdoc's executable "rdoc" conflicts with /Users/hsbt/.rbenv/versions/2.3.7/bin/rdoc Overwrite the executable? [yN] y rdoc's executable "ri" conflicts with /Users/hsbt/.rbenv/versions/2.3.7/bin/ri Overwrite the executable? [yN] y Successfully installed rdoc-6.0.4 Gems updated: rdoc
- 35. What’s happened? • RubyGems generate wrapper for executable file of gem #!/Users/hsbt/.rbenv/versions/2.6.0-dev/bin/ruby # # This file was generated by RubyGems. # # The application 'rdoc' is installed as part of a # this file is here to facilitate running it. # require 'rubygems' version = ">= 0.a" if ARGV.first str = ARGV.first str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.re if str =~ /A_(.*)_z/ and Gem::Version.correct? version = $1 ARGV.shift end end load Gem.bin_path('rdoc', 'rdoc', version) #!/Users/hsbt/.rbenv/versions/2.6.0-dev/bin/ruby # # RDoc: Documentation tool for source code # (see lib/rdoc/rdoc.rb for more information # # Copyright (c) 2003 Dave Thomas # Released under the same terms as Ruby begin gem 'rdoc' rescue NameError => e # --disable-gems raise unless e.name == :gem rescue Gem::LoadError end require 'rdoc/rdoc' begin r = RDoc::RDoc.new r.document ARGV rescue Errno::ENOSPC Gem wrapper Original executable
- 36. Default gems on Ruby 2.6 bigdecimal (default: 1.4.1) bundler (default: 1.17.2) cmath (default: 1.0.0) csv (default: 3.0.9) date (default: 2.0.0) dbm (default: 1.0.0) (snip) strscan (default: 1.0.0) sync (default: 0.5.0) thwait (default: 0.1.0) tracer (default: 0.1.0) webrick (default: 1.4.2) zlib (default: 1.0.0) Current status of Default gems on Ruby 2.6 I’m going to promote more the standard libraries to default gem at Ruby 2.7.0. after that we promote it to bundled gems.
- 37. The Challenge for Bundler Integration 4. 20/40min
- 38. Why should we integrate bundler to rubygems on ruby repository?
- 40. RubyGems/Bundler integration in 2018 •We are working to integrate RubyGems and Bundler. But it’s no progress in the last year. •RubyGems 3 drop to support under the Ruby 2.2. •I’m working merging bundler into ruby core because Bundler 2 was released. Because Bundler 1.x still supports Ruby 1.8 and 1.9.
- 41. Bundler Integration on RubyGems 2.7 • It disabled in Ruby 2.5 because bundler is not part of standard library. • You can enabled it with only `gem update --system` if USE_BUNDLER_FOR_GEMDEPS ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path(path) require 'rubygems/user_interaction' Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.use_ui(ui) do require "bundler" @gemdeps = Bundler.setup Bundler.ui = nil @gemdeps.requested_specs.map(&:to_spec).sort_by(&:name) end else rs = Gem::RequestSet.new @gemdeps = rs.load_gemdeps path rs.resolve_current.map do |s| s.full_spec.tap(&:activate) end end
- 42. Introduce `make test-bundler` •I added `test-prepare-bundler` for preparing to invoke rspec on ruby core repository. I put them into `.bundle` directory under the ruby repo and set it to `GEM_HOME` when running `make test-bundler` •Now, We can invoke bundler examples with miniruby each commits. when "bundler" `rm -rf lib/bundler* libexec/bundler libexec/bundle libexec/bundle_ruby spec/bundler man/bundle* man/gemfile*` `cp -r ../../bundler/bundler/lib/bundler* ./lib` `cp -r ../../bundler/bundler/exe/bundle* ./libexec` `cp ../../bundler/bundler/bundler.gemspec ./lib/bundler` `cp -r ../../bundler/bundler/spec spec/bundler` `cp -r ../../bundler/bundler/man/*.{1,5,1.txt,5.txt,ronn} ./man` `rm -rf spec/bundler/support/artifice/vcr_cassettes`
- 43. The issues of bundler test suite. •The Bundler examples is hard way. •The most of Bundler examples are integration test. Example for invoking to `bundle exec` command and assert standard output. •Finally, I added `ruby_core` filter into bundler examples. Because some of examples expect that installed ruby interpreter like `/usr/local/bin/ruby` Finished in 52 minutes 54 seconds (files took 1.7 seconds to load) 2626 examples, 0 failures, 8 pending
- 44. Merged Bundler into ruby core 😤
- 45. Update BundlerVersionFinder •BundlerVersionFinder was introduced at RubyGems 2.7 •It ability is the version detection by RubyGems strictly. Ex. 1.17.3 matches only 1.17.3. •We update the filter condition. Now, 1.17.3 matches 1.x.y, 2.0.3 also matches 2.x.y. def self.bundler_version_with_reason if v = ENV["BUNDLER_VERSION"] return [v, "`$BUNDLER_VERSION`"] end if v = bundle_update_bundler_version return if v == true return [v, "`bundle update --bundler`"] end v, lockfile = lockfile_version if v return [v, "your #{lockfile}"] end end
- 46. The bundler switcher issue of Heroku •https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-ruby/pull/850 •Heroku platform only uses version 1 of Bundler like 1.17.x. But Bundler version finder of RubyGems detects Bundler 1 or 2 from your Gemfile.lock. @schneems fixes this issue on heroku. •When You use Gemfile.lock updated by Bundler 2 with `bundle update -- bundler`, Heroku reject your app. Now you can use Ruby 2.6 and Bundler 2 on heroku. BLESSED_BUNDLER_VERSIONS = {} BLESSED_BUNDLER_VERSIONS["1"] = "1.15.2" BLESSED_BUNDLER_VERSIONS["2"] = "2.0.1"
- 47. The path injection for LOAD_PATH issue •https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15469 •After that, You can’t use the specified version of gems like json or psych. It activates the versions of default gems provided by ruby core. - “/Users/user-name/.rbenv/versions/2.5.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/bundler-1.17.2/lib" - “/Users/user-name/.rbenv/rbenv.d/exec/gem-rehash” - "/Users/user-name/temp/aiueo/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/json-1.8.6/lib" - (snip) - "/Users/user-name/.rbenv/versions/2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0" - "/Users/user-name/.rbenv/rbenv.d/exec/gem-rehash" - "/Users/user-name/temp/aiueo/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/json-1.8.6/lib" - (snip)
- 48. The current behavior of the bundled bundler •It integrates with default gems like json, psych. •The upstream is https://github.com/ bundler/bundler. I backport the released/developed version to ruby repository. •Ruby 2.6 always enabled Bundler gem_deps now(New!) ~ > gem list | rg default: bigdecimal (1.4.3, default: 1.4.2) bundler (2.0.1, default: 1.17.3) cmath (default: 1.0.0) csv (3.0.6, default: 3.0.4) (snip) thwait (default: 0.1.0) tracer (default: 0.1.0) webrick (default: 1.4.2) zlib (default: 1.0.0)
- 49. Ruby 2.6.3 is the best version ever
- 50. The future plans For RubyGems 4.0 And Bundler 2.1 5. 28/40min
- 51. RubyGems 4 • Make enable as default for conservative option: https:// github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/2233 • Removed duplicated code and files. • Make ruby gem install to user-install by default: https:// github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues/1394 • Activation issues with default gems.
- 52. Make conservative option as default • We got the installation time when already installed gems. • To use conservative is ignore re-install action. ~ > gem i rails clone http://rubyonrails.org -> /Users/hsbt/Documents/rubyonrails.org git ls-remote http://rubyonrails.org hg identify http://rubyonrails.org svn info http://rubyonrails.org error Could not find version control system: http://rubyonrails.org exists /Users/hsbt/Documents/github.com/rails/rails Successfully installed rails-5.2.0 1 gem installed ~ > gem i rails ——conservative ~ >
- 53. Dependency Resolver incompatible • RubyGems 2.x and 3.x uses Molinillo-0.5.7 • Bundler 1.x and 2.x also uses Molinillo-0.6.4 • These are different versions and behavior of dependency resolver. ~/D/g/r/rubygems (master) > ls lib/rubygems/resolver/molinillo/lib/molinillo delegates dependency_graph.rb gem_metadata.rb resolution.rb state.rb dependency_graph errors.rb modules resolver.rb ~/D/g/b/bundler (master) > ls lib/bundler/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo compatibility.rb dependency_graph errors.rb modules resolver.rb delegates dependency_graph.rb gem_metadata.rb resolution.rb state.rb
- 54. Duplicates the certificates • RubyGems and Bundler stored the duplicated certificates in your box. I fixed this at r67539 ~/D/g/r/rubygems (master) > fd . lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/ lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/index.rubygems.org lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/index.rubygems.org/GlobalSignRootCA.pem lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.global.ssl.fastly.net lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.global.ssl.fastly.net/DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.org lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/rubygems.org/AddTrustExternalCARoot.pem ~/D/g/r/rubygems (master) > fd . bundler/lib/bundler/ssl_certs/ bundler/lib/bundler/ssl_certs/index.rubygems.org bundler/lib/bundler/ssl_certs/index.rubygems.org/GlobalSignRootCA.pem bundler/lib/bundler/ssl_certs/rubygems.global.ssl.fastly.net bundler/lib/bundler/ssl_certs/rubygems.global.ssl.fastly.net/DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem bundler/lib/bundler/ssl_certs/rubygems.org bundler/lib/bundler/ssl_certs/rubygems.org/AddTrustExternalCARoot.pem Fixed
- 55. Make `--user-install` as default • RubyGems 4 will install the all gems to `~/.gem` maybe. • Pros: Ruby in linux distribution has many of FAQ for gem installation for using `sudo`. This change resolve this issues. • Cons: Ruby version manager like rbenv is not support it. And RubyGems have a lot of issues related this.
- 56. RubyGems still have a lot of issues • When you share GEM_HOME in your box, You faced… • RubyGems always show the warnings for missing extension with platform mismatch. You always get the warnings with `jruby-lanucher`. (I fixed this in upstream) • RubyGems will activate the different platform with same version like nokogiri-1.10.1 and 1.10.1-java. • RubyGems will remove gem that was failed to `gem pristine`
- 57. Activation issues about default gems •You couldn’t use the specified version of default gems like json when RubyGems/Bundler activated them. •When rubygems uses json-2.1.0, You couldn’t use json 1.8.x. Because ruby gems and rubygems.org never uses JSON format. •We can resolve it with `vendoring` approach. But json, psych, and openssl is C extension library.
- 58. We always welcome your patch.
- 59. Roadmap for Ruby 3.0 6. 33/40min
- 60. RubyGems side
- 61. Support JRuby and TruffleRuby •Surprisedly, RubyGems and Bundler never test JRuby and TruffleRuby in CI. •We try to add JRuby and TruffleRuby to Travis or other CI environments. •To JRuby and TruffleRuby tam: Please join us for this support.
- 62. RubyGems/Bundler integration(1) •Now, We put the bundler as submodule in rubygems repository. •We will move the canonical repository of bundler to rubygems org or rubygems/ rubygems.
- 63. RubyGems/Bundler integration(2) •Unify the duplicated code and configuration like the certificates. •We have a plan to separate bundler-runtime and bundler- cli. After that, We will merge bundler-runtime into rubygems. •I need to learn cargo and npm/yarn for the feature UI.
- 64. gel •gel is “A modern gem manager.”: https:// github.com/gel-rb/gel •It works without RubyGems and Bundler(!) •We should learn from gel and improve package management ecosystem together.
- 65. Ruby side
- 68. Ruby 2.7.0-preview1 was released May 30.
- 69. The features of Ruby 2.7.0 •Compaction GC by tenderlove •Pattern Matching by k_tsj •Next generation IRB with reline by aycabta
- 70. Gamification on Ruby 3.0(TBD) base64 benchmark cgi digest English erb fileutils find io/console monitor net/http net/https openssl optparse pathname pp rbconfig resolv set shellwords socket stringio strscan tempfile thread time timeout tmpdir tsort uri webrick Win32API zlib We will extract the standard libraries to the bundled gems.
- 71. Bump up RubyGems/Bundler •We will merge into RubyGems 3.2 and Bundler 2.1 into Ruby 2.7.0. After that, RubyGems 4.0 will be merge Ruby 3. Ruby Bundler RubyGems 2.7.0 3.02.7-rcX 3.1 2.0 3.0 2.1 3.2 3.0? 4.0 ?
- 72. Ruby is designed to make programmers happy. Yukihiro Matz Matsumoto