THE GREEK CIVILIZATION. pptx ppt grade 5
- 3. • Mythology explained natural events and human qualities. • Gods and goddesses lived on Mount Olympus.
- 6. Pandora, the first woman created by the gods, was crafted by Hephaestus on Zeus’s orders as a punishment for humanity after Prometheus stole fire. The gods gave her a beautiful box but warned her never to open it. Overcome by curiosity, Pandora opened the box, releasing all the evils of the world, including pain, suffering, and death. Realizing her mistake, she quickly closed it, trapping only Hope inside. This myth symbolizes the origins of human hardship but also the enduring presence of hope in difficult times.
- 8. Ancient Greece existed over 2,500 years ago. - Known for its rich culture, philosophy, and innovations. - Famous city-states: Athens and Sparta.
- 9. •Ancient Greece consisted of numerous independent city- states, known as polis. •Each city-state had its government, laws, and armies. •Athens: Known for democracy, philosophy, and art. •Sparta: Renowned for military strength and discipline.
- 10. The Main Occupation : Farming was the foundation of Ancient Greece's economy and survival. •Crops grown: Olives, grapes, wheat, and barley. •Olive oil and wine were major trade products, fostering economic ties. •Challenges: Rugged terrain with limited fertile land. •Solutions: Use of small plots, terraced farming, and efficient irrigation. •Livestock: Raised goats and sheep for milk, cheese, and wool.
- 12. Democracy in Ancient Greece: •Originated in Athens during the 5th century BCE. •The word "democracy" comes from the Greek words "demos" (people) and "kratos" (power), meaning "power of the people." •Direct Democracy: Citizens directly participated in decision-making rather than electing representatives. Limitations: Only free male citizens could participate; women, slaves, and non-citizens were excluded.
- 13. Greek Architecture •Acropolis: Religious center and defensive structure. Example: The Parthenon, dedicated to Athena. •Amphitheatres : Open-air venues for plays, music, and cultural events, with advanced acoustics.
- 14. The Greeks, especially Aristarchus, proposed that Earth revolved around the Sun, laying the foundation for the heliocentric model of the solar system.
- 15. •Hippocrates: Known as the "Father of Medicine." •Advocated observation and diagnosis over superstition. •Established the Hippocratic Oath, a cornerstone of medical ethics.
- 17. A Greek water clock (clepsydra) measured time by the steady flow of water into or out of a container.
- 19. The Olympic Games originated in Olympia as a religious festival dedicated to Zeus, featuring events like running, wrestling, discus throw, and chariot racing, which later became a cornerstone of athletic competition.
- 21. Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta were both Greek city states. They were very different.
- 22. Athens Athens was ruled by a democracy and believed the city should be run fairly. Women and girls didn’t have the right to an education and couldn’t participate in business. Wealthy girls could be educated at home. The Athenians wanted to expand their lands which led to many battles. They believed in education but only for boys.
- 23. Spart a Women were not allowed to join the army but had to train and had to be fit and healthy. Sparta did not try to invade other cities or claim more land. Spartans were raised to be in the army. Boys would learn to train from a young age. It was very strict. Sparta was ruled by two kings who made all of the decisions. Their army was famous in Ancient Greece because it was so powerful.
- 24. The Greek and Persian Empires Can you remember the main differences between Athens and Sparta?
- 25. The Battle of Marathon In 490BC, the Persian Empire was very big. King Darius wanted to continue to expand the empire so he decided to invade Athens. The commander, Datis, and his fleet of 25,000 sailed to Marathon which was a few miles from Athens. The Athenian army was massively outnumbered!
- 26. Help ! The Athenians needed to ask for help! So they decided to ask the Spartans. Although they often fought against each other, when faced with an outside enemy the Greek city states usually joined forces. The Spartan army was very famous and would have been very useful to the Athenians. They sent a runner, Pheidippides, to Sparta to ask. He ran for 2 days and nights from Athens to Sparta, running 240km in total. The Spartans were celebrating a festival and so said they would help, only once the festival was over. Pheidippides then ran back to Athens with the news that they would need to wait! In pairs, role play the conversation between the Athenians and the Spartans. Why didn’t the Spartans help? How do the Athenians feel about the Spartans’ reason for not helping?
- 27. Let Battle Commence! The Athenian army, led by General Miltiades, tried to wait for the Spartan army but they knew they would have to fight on their own. He had to come up with a plan. Heavily outnumbered, Miltiades decided on a risky battle formation. He knew Datis would put his strongest fighters in the middle so Miltiades put his strongest hoplites (soldiers) on the edge, or the flanks. He also knew the Persians had archers, so instructed his men to charge quickly towards the enemy.
- 28. Surprise ! The Persians were shocked at this strategy and Athenian hoplites quickly ran past the line of arrows flying towards them. They charged straight at the Persians! The stronger fighters on the flanks quickly attacked the much weaker Persian soldiers on their flanks. This left the Athenians free to close in and trap the rest of the Persian army. The remaining Persians then ran away to their ships!
- 29. The Persian army lost over 6,000 soldiers compared to only 192 Athenians! Pheidippides then ran 26 miles to Athens to tell of their victory, and also to warn them of a possible second Persian attack. He shouted out: ‘Joy to you, we’ve won!’ As he said these words, he died.
- 30. THE TROJAN WAR
- 31. Feast of the Gods - Hans Rottenhammer (1564-1625)
- 32. JUDGEMENT OF PARIS ✣ Eris, the Goddess of Discord, was offended at being left out of the marriage banquet of King Peleus and Thetis, the sea nymph. ✣ She made an appearance at the wedding bringing a wedding gift, a golden apple marked “Kallisti” (For the Fairest). ✣ Eris then threw the apple (popularly known as the Apple of Discord) amongst the assembled gods and goddesses.
- 33. JUDGEMENT OF PARIS ✣ Three of the goddesses, Aphrodite, Athena, and Hera, immediately claimed the Golden Apple for themselves, each believing that they were the most beautiful of all the goddesses. ✣ They asked Zeus to pick but he wisely declines. He told them to visit Prince Paris (Alexander) instead for he was an excellent judge of beauty. Wedding of Peleus and Thetis - Abraham Bloemaert (1564 – 1651)
- 34. ✣ Paris was a mortal prince of Troy, a son of King Priam, King of Troy and Hecuba. Though a royal prince, he was doing shepherd’s work because King Priam was told that someday the prince would be the ruin of his country, so he sent him away. ✣ Paris was also living with a lovely nymph named Oenone, an oread nymph daughter of Cebren and the first wife of Paris. They had a son named Corythus. P a PARIS: PRINCE OF TROY
- 35. Paris and Oenone - Charles-Alphonse Dufresnoy (1611-1668)
- 36. ✣ Hera promised to make him Lord of Europe and Asia. ✣ Athena promised to lead the Trojans to victory against the Greeks and lay Greece in ruins. ✣ Aphrodite promised that the fairest woman in all the world would be his. Though not an easy decision, Paris decided that the goddess who rightfully owned the Golden Apple was Aphrodite. PARIS’ CHOICE The Judgement of Paris - Peter Paul Rubens (1577 - 1640)
- 37. Helen was the fairest woman in the world. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leda and the sister of Castor, Pollux, and Clytemnestra. Because of her beauty, she has gained several suitors, some of which coming from powerful families. Tyndareus delayed in making a decision for it might spark an uprising. While waiting, Odysseus came up with a solution to his dilemma. Helen of Troy - Evelyn de Morgan (1855-1919) HELEN OF TROY / SPARTA
- 38. ✣ Odysseus said that the king should extract from each suitor an oath so that they would protect and defend whichever suitor of Helen was chosen. No hero of note would break such an oath, and even if someone did, then they would have to face the force of the other suitors who were bound to protect Helen’s husband. ✣ The binding was called “Oath of Tyndareus” which ultimately brought together the Greek forces to the gates of Troy. ✣ Then, Tyndareus chose Menelaus, the brother of Agamemnon, and made him King of Sparta as well. OATH OF TYNDAREUS
- 39. THE ABDUCTION OF HELEN ✣ Paris went to Sparta where they are warmly received by Menelaus and Helen. The ties were strong and each was bound to help and never to harm the other. But Paris broke the bond and eloped with Helen while Menelaus went off to Crete. ✣ Menelaus then sought the help of all Greece to help them. All chieftains responded except two, Odysseus and Achilles. Both provided reasons for not joining the Greek army. The Abduction of Helen by Paris - Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Elder (1722-1789)
- 40. of King Peleus and ✣ Achilles: Son Thetis, a sea nymph; his mother wanted to make him immortal and thus, dipped him in the river Styx ✣ Hector: Prince of Troy; son of Priam; brother of Paris; husband of son, Andromache who bore their Astyanax Both know of their impending deaths even before the Trojan War. THE GREATEST WARRIORS OF THE TROJAN WAR