The MySQL ecosystem - understanding it, not running away from it!

The MySQL Ecosystem - understanding
it, not running away from it!
Colin Charles, Chief Evangelist, Percona Inc.

colin.charles@percona.com / byte@bytebot.net

http://bytebot.net/blog/ | @bytebot on Twitter

FOSDEM, Brussels, Belgium

4 February 2018

#mysqldevroom #FOSDEM
whoami
• Chief Evangelist, Percona Inc

• Focusing on the MySQL ecosystem (MySQL, Percona Server, MariaDB
Server), as well as the MongoDB ecosystem (Percona Server for
MongoDB) + 100% open source tools from Percona like Percona
Monitoring & Management, Percona xtrabackup, Percona Toolkit, etc.

• Founding team of MariaDB Server (2009-2016), previously at Monty
Program Ab, merged with SkySQL Ab, now MariaDB Corporation

• Formerly MySQL AB (exit: Sun Microsystems)

• Past lives include The Fedora Project (FESCO), OpenOffice.org

• MySQL Community Contributor of the Year Award winner 2014

A Mature Ecosystem
• MySQL: nearly 23 years old — May 1995

• Percona Server: 9+ years old — November 2008

• MariaDB: 8 years old — February 2010

• Drizzle: 2008 - 2012 (R.I.P.)

• WebScaleSQL: March 2014 - December 2016

Learnings from WebScaleSQL

Open source community
• MariaDB: takes external contributors/committers, participates in
Google Summer of Code

• MySQL: 5.7 takes Generated Columns (virtual columns in MariaDB
5.2) from Andrey Zhakov

• contributions welcome, commits not

• see: MySQL Community Contributor Award Program

• Percona: bug reports welcome, commits not

• Contributor agreements: Oracle Contributor Agreement (OCA),
MariaDB Contributor Agreement (MCA) and the BSD New

Is MySQL dying?
• “The reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated” — Mark
Twain

• MySQL ecosystem development is at its most vibrant now than it
has ever been

• Oracle has been a great steward of pushing MySQL development
forward

MySQL 5.7 -
www.thecompletelistoffeatures.com
• Multi-source replication

• Dynamic replication filters

• Lossless semisync

• SHOW EXPLAIN for connection_id

• GIS functionality

• Statement timeouts

• Change master without stopping
SQL thread

• Online GTID implementation

• GTID no longer requires log-slave-
updates to be enabled

• Virtual columns (generated
columns)

• Online buffer pool resize

• Username size increase

• LOCK/UNLOCK accounts

• JSON + MySQL Shell + X DevAPI

• Encryption at rest

MariaDB 10.1
• START TRANSACTION WITH
CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT

• Integrated Galera Cluster

• Table/tablespace encryption

• Optimistic parallel replication

• Enhanced semi-sync
replication

• InnoDB defragmentation

• ANALYZE <statement>

• Threadpool

• cracklib_password_check

• SQL error logging plugin

• Extended REGEXP (PCRE)

• Roles

MariaDB 10.2
• InnoDB as default InnoDB

• MyRocks alpha

• Window functions

• Recursive Common Table
Expressions (CTEs)

• AWS Key Management plugin

• CHECK CONSTRAINT

• SHOW CREATE USER

• Multiple triggers for the same
event

• EXECUTE IMMEDIATE (Oracle
styled)

• DML only flashback

Percona Server 5.6/5.7
• Percona XtraDB (many
improvements, parallel doublewrite
buffer, etc.)

• variable: numa_interleave

• restrict # of binlog files -
max_binlog_files

• Lock-free SHOW SLAVE STATUS
NOLOCK

• Percona Toolkit UDFs

• Expanded fast index creation -
expand_fast_index_creation

• Utility user - system access to
admin tasks, limited access to user
schema

• Slow query log enhancements

• Log all client commands to syslog

• Improved Memory storage engine

• Per-query variable statement

• PROXY protocol support

• Backup locks

• TokuBackup

A base blog post resource
• High level, answer to a whitepaper

• https://www.percona.com/blog/2017/11/02/mysql-vs-mariadb-
reality-check/

Define: compatibility (OED)
• A state in which two things are able to exist or occur together
without problems or conflict.

Why this matters
• MariaDB Server is the “default” MySQL in pretty much every Linux
distribution except Ubuntu (shipping MySQL 5.7)

• Take a page from the cloud operators & their offerings

• Amazon Web Services (AWS) RDS MySQL & MariaDB, Microsoft
Azure MySQL & MariaDB, Rackspace Cloud MySQL & MariaDB
(and Percona Server)

Commitments
• Verbal commitments: “MySQL 5.6, should be comparable to
MariaDB Server 10.1. And for 10.2 it should be compatible with
MySQL 5.7” — Michael “Monty” Widenius, CTO of MariaDB
Corporation and MariaDB Foundation, 7 October 2016, MariaDB
Developer’s Meeting, Amsterdam

• http://mariadb.org/about/

• “It is an enhanced, drop-in replacement for MySQL.”

Governance
• MariaDB

• MariaDB Corporation

• MariaDB Foundation

• https://mariadb.org/about/
governance/

• MySQL

• Oracle (by way of Sun, MySQL
AB)

• Percona

• Percona Inc

Releases MariaDB MySQL
5.1: 1 Feb 2010 5.1: 14 Nov 2008
5.2: 10 Nov 2010
5.3: 29 Feb 2012
5.5: 11 Apr 2012 5.5: 3 Dec 2010
5.6: 5 Feb 2013
10.0: 31 Mar 2014
10.1: 17 Oct 2015
5.7: 21 Oct 2015
10.2: 23 May 2017

Replication

Replication
• Default binlog format is now MIXED in MariaDB (ROW in MySQL)

• Default replicate_annotate_row_events is ON

• Time delayed replication arrives in MariaDB Server 10.2 (in MySQL 5.6)

• DML only Flashback - rollback instances/databases/tables to an older
snapshot (via Alibaba!) - unique to MariaDB

• Synchronous replication

• Galera Cluster: MariaDB Server has it built-in, Percona XtraDB Cluster
5.7 comes with ProxySQL + an admin tool

• Group replication: works only on MySQL, Percona Server

X Protocol
• MariaDB Server has no support for the MySQL X Protocol

• This means you cannot use mysqlsh to access MariaDB Server
either

Encryption
• MySQL 5.7 and MariaDB Server 10.1+ implement encryption
differently (one is fully tablespace encryption, the other is based on
the Google patch for tablespace encryption in addition to having
table encryption)

• One does not encrypt logs, the other does

• MySQL requires innodb_file_per_table

• MySQL implementation works fully with Percona XtraDB Cluster

Security
• MySQL: sha256_password

• MariaDB: ed25519 password plugin

• validate_password is on by default in MySQL 5.7 (not in
MariaDB)

• SSL: 5.7 has pre-generated keys, enable it in the client; disabled by
default in MariaDB Server

• MySQL links against YaSSL, Percona Server against OpenSSL
(changing in 8.0 for MySQL too)

mysql.user table changes
• MariaDB Server and MySQL differ here (not just by addition of roles)
- mysql.user.password is just
mysql.user.authentication_string

• Password expiry is coming? https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/
MDEV-7597

• Password last changed? Lifetime?

• ACCOUNT LOCK/UNLOCK
• VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH() SQL function doesn’t work in
MariaDB Server

Stuff that might matter to you
• Optimizer hints - https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-9078

• RENAME INDEX - https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-7318

• Query rewriting? - https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-5561

• MySQL SUPER READONLY - https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/
MDEV-9458

• Optimiser trace: https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-6111

• PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA - 5.7 improvements, MariaDB still ships
5.6 P_S

Tools
• including new tools like mysql_ssl_rsa_setup ? mysqlpump?

• tools that require MySQL GTID don’t work with MariaDB Server (e.g.
mysqlfailover, mysqlrpladmin, MHA for GTID based failover,
MySQL Router, etc.)

Ecosystem
• Percona Toolkit

• Percona XtraBackup

• ProxySQL

• MariaDB MaxScale

• mydumper

• MHA

• Tungsten Replicator

• vitess

• Tumblr JetPants

• MySQL Utilities

• MySQL Router

• PRM (w/Pacemaker)

• SeveralNines ClusterControl

• Orchestrator

• MySQL Sandbox

• MariaDB ColumnStore

• Numerous GUI tools: MySQL
Workbench, phpMyAdmin,
SQLYog, etc

Today, when to use MariaDB Server?
• MyRocks storage engine

• TokuDB storage engine

• MyISAM user? Segmented key
caches will help

• CONNECT storage engine

• Threadpool

• PAM authentication

• GSSAPI authentication
(Kerberos, Active Directory)

• Window functions

• PCRE Regular Expressions

• Optimistic parallel replication

• ANALYZE <statement>

• cracklib_password_check

• SQL Roles

Today, when to use Percona Server?
• When you need scalability,
performance, flexibility,
reliability, management, and
diagnostic improvements

• MyRocks

• XtraDB

• Improved MEMORY engine

• TokuDB

• Enforcing storage engine, utility
user

• Encryption via the Keyring Vault
plugin

• Column compression

• Contributions go upstream to
Oracle quite often, so less to
maintain, and easier to develop
new features

For everyone else, today?
MySQL 5.7 is truly what you should be using

The very near future
• MySQL 8 brings roles, CTEs, window functions, transactional data dictionary,
histograms, SDIs (instead of FRMs), etc.

• http://mysqlserverteam.com/the-mysql-8-0-0-milestone-release-is-available/

• Will MariaDB Server 10.3 aim to be compatible with MySQL 8? Or more compatible
with Oracle?

• https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-10137, https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/
MDEV-11070

• https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/changes-improvements-in-mariadb-103/

• System versioned tables is an extremely neat feature, semisync via Alibaba merged
in, invisible columns, sequences, sql_mode=ORACLE understands a subset of PL/
SQL, column compression (storage engine independent), SPIDER merged, PROXY
protocol support, etc.

What should you use?
• Think about the innovation today

• Think about the features you need today (with tolerance for the
roadmap & what comes tomorrow)

• Beware vendor lock-in

• Ensure you are well supported

• Know the difference between a branch (Percona Server for MySQL)
and a fork (MariaDB Server)

Thank you!
Colin Charles
colin.charles@percona.com / byte@bytebot.net
http://bytebot.net/blog | @bytebot on twitter
slides: slideshare.net/bytebot

The MySQL ecosystem - understanding it, not running away from it!

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