1) The document discusses the evolution of data from goods to information and machines, and the transition from SQL to NoSQL databases like key-value, column, document and graph structures. 2) It provides an example of modeling data as a graph database using TinkerPop and Gremlin, showing how to add vertices and edges to represent relationships. 3) Graph databases allow complex queries over relationships, like finding engineers who know other people or might fall in love, which would be difficult in SQL.