The Parts & Function of the Brain
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The brain can be divided into four lobes - the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. Each lobe is associated with different functions. The frontal lobe is involved in reasoning, motor skills, and language. The parietal lobe processes sensory information like touch. The temporal lobe includes the auditory cortex and hippocampus. The occipital lobe contains the visual cortex and interprets visual stimuli.
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CNS.pptmuhammadmansooralamk1 The document summarizes the main parts and functions of the human nervous system. It is divided into three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain includes the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus and is associated with higher functions like thought and action. The midbrain includes the tectum and tegmentum and is involved in vision, hearing, eye movement, and body movement. The hindbrain includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla. It controls functions like equilibrium, motor control, sensory analysis, consciousness, sleep, breathing, and heart rate.
CNS.ppt
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Human Brain and it's parts
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Brain- Learning Points 
Brain- Learning Points classgoeducation The document summarizes the main parts and functions of the human brain. It discusses the forebrain which includes the cerebrum, hypothalamus, and thalamus. The midbrain contains the tectum and tegmentum. The hindbrain is made up of the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and pons. The cerebrum is the largest part and is divided into four lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal) which are responsible for functions like reasoning, movement, vision, and memory. The cerebellum coordinates body movements and maintains balance. The brainstem controls basic functions and relays messages between the brain and body. The hypothalamus regulates
Brain structure and function 2.0
Brain structure and function 2.0Suresh Kumar Murugesan The document discusses the structure and function of the human brain. It is divided into several main sections: the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem which make up the three main parts of the brain. The cerebrum is the largest part and is divided into four lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal) which each control different functions. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance, while the brainstem performs vital automatic functions. The left and right hemispheres each control the opposite side of the body and have slightly different functions. The limbic system controls emotions, and the pituitary gland regulates hormones.
3. List the parts of the brain that were discussed in class and the .pdf
3. List the parts of the brain that were discussed in class and the .pdfarshin9 3. List the parts of the brain that were discussed in class and the basic functions for each part.
Cerebral cortex; 4 lobes frontal parietal temporal occipital
homunculus primary motor cortex primary somatosensory cortex
Basal nuclei Diencephalon; 2 parts
thalamus hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Brainstem: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
medulla oblongata
Limbic system
Solution
The brain consists of three main parts: 1) the forebrain 2) the midbrain and 3) the hindbrain. The
forebrain is made up of cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus. The midbrain is made up of
tectum and tegmentum. The hindbrain consists of cerebellum, pons and medulla.
In the human brain, the cerebrum is the largest part which is associated with higher brain
function. The cerebral cortex consists of 4 lobes which are:
1) frontal lobe: this is associated with reasoning, movement, parts of speech and emotions.
2) parietal lobe: this is associated with recognition and orientation that is perception of stimuli.
3) occipital lobe: this is associated with the visual process.
4) temporal lobe: this is associated with memory, speech, perception and recognition of auditory
stimuli.
Homunculus primary motor cortex helps the brain to monitor and control the movement of the
body. While primary somatosensory cortex receives information such as pain or pressure relayed
from the spinal cord.
Thalamus is a mass of gray matter which is situated in the forebrain and has sensory and motor
functions. It carries all the sensory information via neurons to the cortex.
Hypothalamus controls the function of homeostasis, thirst, hunger, emotions, autonomic nervous
system and circadian rhythms.
Cerebellum regulates and coordinates the movement, posture and balance.
Brain stem is situated underneath the limbic system and is associated with basic functions such
as heartbeat, breathing, etc. The brain stem consists of midbrain, pons and medulla. The
midbrain controls the function of body movement, vision and hearing. Pons helps in the sensory
analysis and motor control and it is also associated with the movement and posture. Medulla
oblongata helps in maintaining the body functions such as heartbeat and breathing.
Limbic system consists of thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus. Amygdala is
associated with memory, emotion and fear. Hippocampus is involved in learning and memory..
Fore-brain it's structure functions and related Disorders.
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Forebrain
Forebrainforebrain1 Your brain is the most complex technology anywhere in the world. It’s made up of three major parts: the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. These divisions allows us simplify and understand the functions of the brain.
Introduction to central nervous system – structure,.pptx
Introduction to central nervous system – structure,.pptxPavithra L N The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is protected by the skull and spinal cord by the vertebrae. The brain controls bodily functions through different regions like the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum. The spinal cord carries signals between the brain and body. The central nervous system contains gray matter with neurons and white matter with axons and glial cells that support neurons.
Introduction to central nervous system – Structure, Function & Diseases
Introduction to central nervous system – Structure, Function & DiseasesPavithra L N The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is protected by the skull and spinal cord by the vertebrae. The brain controls bodily functions through different regions like the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum. The spinal cord carries signals between the brain and body. The central nervous system contains gray matter with neurons and white matter with axons and glial cells that support neurons.
Understanding the Structure of the Brain
Understanding the Structure of the BrainPsychology Pedia The brain is a complex organ composed of distinct structures working together to regulate bodily functions, cognition, and behavior. Key regions include the cerebrum, responsible for higher functions like thought, memory, and emotion; the cerebellum, which coordinates movement and balance; and the brainstem, controlling essential life functions like breathing and heart rate. The brain's two hemispheres communicate via the corpus callosum and are divided into lobes with specialized roles. Neurons transmit signals through intricate neural networks, supporting learning, sensory processing, and decision-making. This intricate structure underpins every aspect of human experience and behavior.
FINAL-PPT-HUMAN-BRAIN-1.pptx
FINAL-PPT-HUMAN-BRAIN-1.pptxRonaleenMPalate The document summarizes the major parts and functions of the human brain. It discusses the three main divisions of the brain - forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Within each division it describes the specific structures like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. It provides details on the lobes of the cerebrum and their functions in vision, movement, memory, and more. Overall, the summary explains the complex organization of the brain and how different structures work together to control the body's functions and processes sensory information.
Parts of the nervous system
Parts of the nervous systemMartinGeraldine The brain is the body's control center located in the skull. It controls both voluntary and involuntary activities and enables functions like learning, reasoning, and emotion. The brain has three main parts - the brain stem, cerebellum, and cerebrum. The brain stem controls involuntary activities like breathing. The cerebellum helps coordinate movement. The largest part, the cerebrum, is where most thinking and conscious activity takes place. It is made up of four lobes associated with different functions like reasoning, memory, and vision. Neurons are nerve cells that transmit electrical signals throughout the body to allow responses. The spinal cord extends from the brain down the back and acts as a pathway connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system.
Nervous system
Nervous systemcliffywest The nervous system coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions through the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The brain, which is the most complex organ, contains structures like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem that control functions like movement, balance, vision, and basic life processes. The cerebrum contains lobes that control functions like memory, speech, and emotion. The spinal cord extends from the brain and contains regions that nerves connect to throughout the body.
Brain anatomy and function.pptx
Brain anatomy and function.pptxSuhaybAbdi3 The brain is divided into different regions called lobes, each responsible for distinct functions. The frontal lobes located at the front are responsible for thinking, decision making, and motor skills. The parietal lobes located behind the frontal lobes organize and interpret sensory information. The occipital lobes at the back are mainly involved in visual processing while the temporal lobes at the ear level process auditory information, memory, and language comprehension. Below the occipital lobes, the cerebellum is responsible for fine motor skills, balance, and coordination. The brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate.
PARTS OF THE BRAIN OF HUMAN AND ITS FUNCTION.pptx
PARTS OF THE BRAIN OF HUMAN AND ITS FUNCTION.pptxabbygailshhh The brain is the most complex organ in the human body and controls intelligence, senses, movement, and behavior. It is made up of three main parts - the forebrain, cerebrum, and frontal lobes. The forebrain includes the cerebrum, which is divided into left and right hemispheres. Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body and is made up of lobes specialized in different functions like vision, hearing, movement, and memory. Deep within the brainstem and diencephalon regulate vital functions and emotions. The basic functional unit of the brain is the neuron, which communicates with other neurons at synapses to drive all human sensations, thoughts, and actions.
The brain and its anatomy josé tejada 3º i
The brain and its anatomy josé tejada 3º ijuliourrutiadelcarmen The document provides information about brain anatomy by describing the main components and structures of the brain. It discusses that the brain is primarily composed of grey matter and white matter. Grey matter contains neuron cell bodies and is involved in functions like muscle control, sensory perception, memory, and decision making. White matter consists mainly of glial cells that transmit signals between brain regions and helps coordinate communication. It also outlines the main lobes of the brain - frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital - and their functions, as well as other key brain structures like the medulla, pons, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum and spinal cord.
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ORCID: 0000-0002-9393-1933
Abstract
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* **Highly effective when taken consistently.**
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• **Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP):**
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Analyze the physiological basis of non-pharmacological pain relief (massage, acupuncture, liniments, electrical stimulation).
Enumerate and explain abnormal pain conditions such as hyperalgesia, allodynia, shingles, trigeminal neuralgia, and different types of headaches.
Interpret the pathophysiology of migraines including vascular and cortical spreading depression theories.
🔬 Lecture Highlights:
✅ Central Analgesia System:
Neural pathways: Periaqueductal gray, Raphe magnus nucleus, spinal dorsal horn
Neurochemicals involved: Enkephalins, Serotonin
Gate Control Theory: Tactile input via Aβ fibers inhibits pain transmission
✅ Pain Suppression Mechanisms:
Massage & Rubbing: Local tactile inhibition via Aβ fibers
Acupuncture & Liniments: Dual role in stimulating pain gating and central analgesia
Electrical Stimulation: From surface electrodes to stereotactic thalamic implants
Patient-controlled neuromodulation: Tailoring stimulation for chronic pain
✅ Abnormalities of Pain:
Hyperalgesia: Heightened sensitivity to painful stimuli (primary and secondary)
Allodynia: Pain perception from non-painful stimuli
Herpes Zoster: Segmental dermatomal pain from dorsal root ganglion infection
Tic Douloureux: Trigeminal neuralgia characterized by sudden, stabbing facial pain
✅ Headache Pathophysiology:
Intracranial: Meningitis, low CSF pressure, migraines, alcohol
Extracranial: Muscle spasm, sinusitis, eye strain, light exposure
Migraine Mechanisms: Vascular spasm, cortical depression, serotonin imbalance, and familial genetics
✅ Clinical Correlation:
Brown-Séquard Syndrome: Sensory and motor dissociation explained by hemisection
Central vs. Peripheral Lesions in pain disorders
👨⚕️ Ideal for:
MBBS, BDS, and Allied Health Students
FCPS/MD/MS Physiology Trainees
Residents in Neurology, Anesthesia, and Internal Medicine
Physiology educators and academic examiners
Candidates preparing for USMLE, PLAB, FCPS, MDCAT, or Step 1
Presented by:
Dr. Faiza
Assistant Professor of Physiology
FCPS Physiology | CHPE | DHPE | MPH | MBA
Allama Iqbal Medical College (Best Graduate)
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- 1. the Parts & Functions of the Brain
- 4. The brain can be divided into four sections , which are known's as lobes.The frontal lobe, pariental lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe have been associated with different functions ranging from reasoning to auditory perception. The Anatomy of the Brain
- 5. The four of the – is located at the front of the brain and is associated with reasoning, motor skills , higher level cognition , and expressive language. At the back of the frontal lobe, near the central sulcus lies the motor cortex.This area of the brain receives information from various lobes of the brain and utilizes this information to carry out body movements. – is located in the middle section of the brain and is associated with processing tactile sensory information such as pressure, touch, and pain. A portion of the brain known as the somatosensory cortex is located in the lobe and is essential to the processing of the body’s sense. Legends: Medulla
- 6. – is located on the bottom section of the brain.This lobe is also the location of the primary auditory cortex, which is important for interpreting sounds and the language we hear.The hippocampus is also located in the temporal lobe, which is why this portion of the brain is also heavily associated with the formation of memories. – is located at the back portion of the brain and is associated with interpreting visual stimuli and information.The primary visual cortex, which receives and interprets information from the retinas of the eyes, is located in the occipital lobe.
- 7. The brain stem is comprised of the hindbrain and midbrain. The hindbrain contains structures including medulla, the pons and the reticular formation.
- 9. Located above the brainstem, the thalamus processes and relays movement and sensory information. It is essentially a relay station, taking in sensory information and then passing it on to the cerebral cortex.The cerebral cortex also sends information to the thalamus, which then sends this information to other systems.
- 11. The brain is made up of many specialized areas that work together: • The cortex is the outermost layer of brain cells. Thinking and voluntary movements begin in the cortex. • The brain stem is between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain. Basic functions like breathing and sleep are controlled here. • The basal ganglia are a cluster of structures in the center of the brain. The basal ganglia coordinate messages between multiple other brain areas. • The cerebellum is at the base and the back of the brain. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance.