The range and scope of computer applications

The range and scope ofThe range and scope of
computer applicationscomputer applications
1.1. IntroductionIntroduction
2.2. Software and hardwareSoftware and hardware
3.3. Types of applicationTypes of application
4.4. Expert systemsExpert systems

IntroductionIntroduction
 What is Information Technology???What is Information Technology???
 What is a computer???What is a computer???
 Why do we study IT?Why do we study IT?
 Why do we need a computer??Why do we need a computer??

 All computer systems havve to haveAll computer systems havve to have
following basic parts:following basic parts:
1. Input1. Input
2. Output2. Output
3. Processing3. Processing
4. Storage4. Storage
Whenever u see a computer try to think inWhenever u see a computer try to think in
terms of these four parts...terms of these four parts...
Try to think of data that is used and whatTry to think of data that is used and what
the system needs in order to do what it isthe system needs in order to do what it is
meant to do.meant to do.

Software and hardwareSoftware and hardware
 SoftwareSoftware  ComputerComputer instructionsinstructions oror datadata..
 Written coded commands that tell a computer what tasksWritten coded commands that tell a computer what tasks
to perform. For example, Word, PhotoShop, Pictureto perform. For example, Word, PhotoShop, Picture
Easy, and PhotoDeluxe are software programsEasy, and PhotoDeluxe are software programs
 Anything that can beAnything that can be storedstored electronically is software.electronically is software.
 The programs and instructions which direct a computer.The programs and instructions which direct a computer.
 TheThe storagestorage devicesdevices and display devices areand display devices are hardwarehardware..
 The distinction between software and hardware isThe distinction between software and hardware is
sometimes confusing because they are so integrallysometimes confusing because they are so integrally
linked.linked.
 Clearly, when you purchase a program, you are buyingClearly, when you purchase a program, you are buying
software. But to buy the software, you need to buy thesoftware. But to buy the software, you need to buy the
diskdisk (hardware) on which the software is recorded.(hardware) on which the software is recorded.

 Software is often divided into twoSoftware is often divided into two
categories:categories:
 systems softwaresystems software :: Includes theIncludes the
operating systemoperating system and all theand all the utilitiesutilities thatthat
enable the computer to function.enable the computer to function.
 applications softwareapplications software :: IncludesIncludes
programs that do real work for users. Forprograms that do real work for users. For
example, word processors, spreadsheets,example, word processors, spreadsheets,
and database management systems falland database management systems fall
under the category of applicationsunder the category of applications
software.software.

HardwareHardware
 The physical components of a computerThe physical components of a computer
system-the computer, plotters, printers,system-the computer, plotters, printers,
terminals, digitizers, and so on.terminals, digitizers, and so on.
 The physical equipment of a computerThe physical equipment of a computer
system, including the central processingsystem, including the central processing
unit, data-storage devices, terminals andunit, data-storage devices, terminals and
printers.printers.
 Physical, tangible component of aPhysical, tangible component of a
computer.computer.

What is a network???What is a network???
What about internet???What about internet???
Do You have a modem at home???Do You have a modem at home???
For what is the modem used for???For what is the modem used for???
What is LAN and What is WAN???What is LAN and What is WAN???

 When two or more computers areWhen two or more computers are
connected to each other it is calledconnected to each other it is called
network.network.
 Internet is global network, consisting out ofInternet is global network, consisting out of
millions of computers.millions of computers.

ModemModem
 Modem is special piece of equipment thatModem is special piece of equipment that
allows computers to link to the internetallows computers to link to the internet
through the telephone system.through the telephone system.
 Short for modulator/demodulator. AShort for modulator/demodulator. A
communications device that converts onecommunications device that converts one
form of a signal to another that is suitableform of a signal to another that is suitable
for transmission over communicationfor transmission over communication
circuits, typically from digital to analog andcircuits, typically from digital to analog and
then from analog to digital.then from analog to digital.

LANLAN
 A computer network limited to the immediate area,A computer network limited to the immediate area,
usually the same building or floor of a building.usually the same building or floor of a building.
 Communications network connecting computers by wire,Communications network connecting computers by wire,
cable, or fiber optics link. Usually serves parts of ancable, or fiber optics link. Usually serves parts of an
organization located close to one another, generally inorganization located close to one another, generally in
the same building or within 2 miles of one another.the same building or within 2 miles of one another.
Allows users to share software, hardware and data.Allows users to share software, hardware and data.
 is a data network used to connect nodes that areis a data network used to connect nodes that are
geographically close, usually within the same building. Ingeographically close, usually within the same building. In
a wider view of a local area network, multiple local areaa wider view of a local area network, multiple local area
networks are interconnected in a geographically compactnetworks are interconnected in a geographically compact
area (such as a university campus), usually by attachingarea (such as a university campus), usually by attaching
the LANs to a higher-speed local backbone.the LANs to a higher-speed local backbone.

WANWAN
 A wide area network (WAN) is a geographicallyA wide area network (WAN) is a geographically
dispersed telecommunications network. Thedispersed telecommunications network. The
term distinguishes a broader telecommunicationterm distinguishes a broader telecommunication
structure from a local area network. A wide areastructure from a local area network. A wide area
network may be privately owned or rented, butnetwork may be privately owned or rented, but
the term usually connotes the inclusion of publicthe term usually connotes the inclusion of public
(shared user) networks. An intermediate form of(shared user) networks. An intermediate form of
network in terms of geography is a metropolitannetwork in terms of geography is a metropolitan
area network (MAN).area network (MAN).
 Group of computers located geographicallyGroup of computers located geographically
apart, usually belonging to a single company orapart, usually belonging to a single company or
organisation, connected together usingorganisation, connected together using
dedicated lines or by satellite to simulate a localdedicated lines or by satellite to simulate a local
network.network.

Types of applicationTypes of application
 Computers are found everywhere aroundComputers are found everywhere around
us.us.
 Of some u are even not aware of.Of some u are even not aware of.
 They range from enormously large once toThey range from enormously large once to
tiny microprocessors.tiny microprocessors.
 Micro processors are programmed to doMicro processors are programmed to do
just one thing such as control the washingjust one thing such as control the washing
machine.machine.

Expert systemsExpert systems
 Special type of computer systems that stores allSpecial type of computer systems that stores all
the knowledge of an expert in a particularthe knowledge of an expert in a particular
subject so that people can ask it questions.subject so that people can ask it questions.
 If the system can remember things and chooseIf the system can remember things and choose
better option then it is said to have artificialbetter option then it is said to have artificial
intelligence.intelligence.
 Knowledge in an expert system does not changeKnowledge in an expert system does not change
 A system with artificial intelligence is able toA system with artificial intelligence is able to
learn.learn.

The range and scope of computer applications

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The range and scope of computer applications