The Ring programming language version 1.5.3 book - Part 64 of 184
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The document describes how to handle window resize events in OpenGL. It provides code for a function called changeSize() that gets called on window resize. This function updates the viewport and projection matrix to adjust for the new window size and aspect ratio, preventing distortion. It also handles preventing a divide by zero if the window width becomes zero.
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The Ring programming language version 1.7 book - Part 61 of 196
The Ring programming language version 1.7 book - Part 61 of 196Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document contains code for rendering a 3D snowman scene and tracking frames per second (FPS) using OpenGL and GLUT. It defines variables for the camera controls and snowman properties. Functions are defined for drawing the snowman, rendering text, updating the camera position, and handling input. FPS tracking variables are initialized and the main loop calls the rendering function, tracking frames rendered over time to compute FPS displayed as text.
The Ring programming language version 1.5.3 book - Part 67 of 184
The Ring programming language version 1.5.3 book - Part 67 of 184Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document provides code for rendering a rotating cube using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT. It includes functions for initializing OpenGL, drawing the cube, handling input and updating the rotation, and displaying frames per second. Key functions include initializing GLUT, registering callbacks, drawing the cube geometry, handling input for rotation, and computing the FPS display.
The Ring programming language version 1.5.3 book - Part 66 of 184
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The Ring programming language version 1.5.4 book - Part 57 of 185
The Ring programming language version 1.5.4 book - Part 57 of 185Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document contains code for a 3D snowman scene rendered with OpenGL and GLUT. It includes functions for drawing the snowman, handling camera movement with keyboard controls, and displaying the frames per second. Popup menus are created for selecting the font, fill/line drawing mode, and color. The frames per second are computed and displayed using bitmap text rendering.
The Ring programming language version 1.9 book - Part 67 of 210
The Ring programming language version 1.9 book - Part 67 of 210Mahmoud Samir Fayed The document provides code for rendering a scene with 9 snowmen using RingFreeGLUT and OpenGL in Ring. It includes functions for initializing OpenGL, setting up the camera, drawing objects, computing frames per second, handling user input, and creating popup menus. Key aspects include drawing a snowman model, rendering the scene from different angles by moving the camera, and displaying the frames per second.
The Ring programming language version 1.5 book - Part 10 of 31
The Ring programming language version 1.5 book - Part 10 of 31Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document describes code for drawing a 3D snowman scene using OpenGL and GLUT (OpenGL Utility Toolkit) in Ring. It includes functions for rendering the snowman, camera movement, handling input and menus. Popup menus are created for selecting the polygon drawing mode, color, and font used for numbering the snowmen. The code draws multiple snowmen on a ground plane and allows rotating the camera view with mouse input.
The Ring programming language version 1.9 book - Part 66 of 210
The Ring programming language version 1.9 book - Part 66 of 210Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document describes code for displaying 3D snowmen and text using OpenGL and GLUT menus in Ring. It defines functions for drawing a snowman, moving the camera with keyboard input, and handling mouse and menu events. Popup menus are created for selecting the polygon rendering mode, color, and font, and strings are rendered using the selected font by calling the GLUT bitmap character function. The main function initializes GLUT, creates windows and callbacks, and enters the GLUT event processing loop.
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The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 212 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 212 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document summarizes new features and changes in different versions of the Ring programming language and library. It discusses various topics including using different syntax styles and code editors, developing graphical desktop and mobile applications using RingQt, and using Ring for 3D graphics and games development. The document also provides overviews of the core Ring libraries and language features.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 211 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 211 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document provides documentation for the Ring programming language and various Ring extensions and libraries. It includes sections on Ring mode for Emacs editor, the Ring Notepad IDE, the Ring Package Manager (RingPM), embedding Ring code in C/C++ programs, and references for the functions and classes of various Ring extensions for areas like 2D/3D graphics, networking, multimedia and more.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 210 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 210 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document contains summaries of various Ring classes, functions and concepts:
- It describes Ring classes like the Map, Math, MySQL, and PostgreSQL classes.
- It lists and briefly explains Ring standard library functions such as map(), random(), newlist(), and print().
- It covers Ring concepts and features like object oriented programming, operators, files and I/O, GUI programming, and web development.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 208 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 208 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document provides a summary of functions in the Ring documentation for Release 1.10. It lists functions for drawing quadrics, normals, orientation, and textures. It also lists functions for scaling images, drawing spheres, starting and ending contours and polygons for tessellation, setting tessellation normals and properties, adding tessellation vertices, and unprojecting coordinates. The document also provides resources for the Ring language like the website, source code repository, contact information, and lists Arabic language resources.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 207 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 207 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document contains listings of over 100 OpenGL functions related to lighting, materials, textures, and rendering. The functions listed specify parameters for lights, materials, texture coordinates, and rendering operations like clearing buffers and drawing primitives.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 205 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 205 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document lists numerous OpenGL constants and enumerations related to textures, blending, shaders, buffers, and other graphics features. It includes constants for texture types and formats, shader variable types, buffer bindings and usages, and more. The listing contains over 200 individual constants and enumerations without descriptions.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 206 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 206 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed The document lists OpenGL functions and constants added in version 1.10 of the OpenGL specification. It includes over 100 functions and constants for features such as unsigned integer textures, texture buffers, geometry shaders, transform feedback, and more robust context handling.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 204 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 204 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 204 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 203 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 203 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed The document contains a list of functions and constants related to OpenGL graphics functionality. It includes functions for vertex specification, texture mapping, tessellation, nurbs modeling, quadric surfaces, and more. It also includes constants for OpenGL states, modes, and error codes.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 202 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 202 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed The document lists over 100 OpenGL functions for querying and retrieving information about OpenGL objects, state, and errors. Some of the functions listed include glGetError() to retrieve OpenGL error codes, glGetUniformLocation() to retrieve the location of a uniform variable in a program, and glGetString() to retrieve version and extension information.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 201 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 201 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed The document lists various OpenGL constants and functions related to OpenGL graphics functionality. It includes constants for texture and color formats, clipping planes, buffer objects, shader operations, and more. It also lists over 100 OpenGL function declarations for operations like drawing, clearing, texture handling, blending, and shader manipulation.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 200 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 200 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed This document lists numerous OpenGL constants related to graphics hardware capabilities, state variables, and functions. It includes constants for vertex arrays, texture mapping, blending, multisampling, shader types, and more. The constants are used to query and set the state and capabilities of the OpenGL graphics processing context.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 199 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 199 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed The document lists over 200 OpenGL constants related to graphics rendering features such as fog, depth testing, blending, textures, and more. It provides the names of constants for configuring various graphics pipeline states and settings in OpenGL.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 198 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 198 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed The document contains listings of over 100 OpenGL and GLU function declarations related to texture coordinates, uniforms, vertex specification, and tessellation. It provides the function name, return type if any, and parameters for each function for specifying texture coordinates, uniforms, vertices and performing tessellation in OpenGL and GLU.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 197 of 212
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 197 of 212Mahmoud Samir Fayed The document contains documentation for over 100 OpenGL functions related to rendering, textures, shaders, and more. It lists each function name and its parameters. The functions allow specifying colors, textures, shader programs, and various rendering states and operations in OpenGL.
The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 196 of 212
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The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 195 of 212
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The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 194 of 212
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The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 193 of 212
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The Ring programming language version 1.10 book - Part 192 of 212
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- 1. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.3 54.7 Window Resize Event Example: load "freeglut.ring" load "opengl21lib.ring" func main // init GLUT and create window glutInit() glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA) glutInitWindowPosition(100,100) glutInitWindowSize(320,320) glutCreateWindow("RingFreeGLUT - Test 4") glutDisplayFunc(:renderScene) glutReshapeFunc(:changeSize) glutMainLoop() func renderScene glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES) glVertex3f(-2,-2,-5.0) glVertex3f(2,0.0,-5.0) glVertex3f(0.0,2,-5.0) glEnd() glutSwapBuffers() func changesize h = glutEventHeight() w = glutEventWidth() // Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short // (you cant make a window of zero width). if (h = 0) h = 1 ok ratio = w * 1.0 / h // Use the Projection Matrix glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) // Reset Matrix glLoadIdentity() // Set the viewport to be the entire window glViewport(0, 0, w, h) // Set the correct perspective. gluPerspective(45,ratio,1,100) 54.7. Window Resize Event 505
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.3 // Get Back to the Modelview glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) 54.8 Triangle Rotation Example: load "freeglut.ring" load "opengl21lib.ring" angle = 0 func main // init GLUT and create window glutInit() glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA) glutInitWindowPosition(100,100) glutInitWindowSize(320,320) glutCreateWindow("RingFreeGLUT - Test 5") glutDisplayFunc(:renderScene) glutReshapeFunc(:changeSize) glutIdleFunc(:renderScene) glutMainLoop() func renderScene // Clear Color and Depth Buffers glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) // Reset transformations glLoadIdentity() // Set the camera gluLookAt( 0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glRotatef(angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES) glVertex3f(-2.0,-2.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 2.0, 0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 0.0, 2.0, 0.0) glEnd() angle+=0.1 glutSwapBuffers(); func changesize h = glutEventHeight() w = glutEventWidth() 54.8. Triangle Rotation 506
- 3. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.3 // Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short // (you cant make a window of zero width). if (h = 0) h = 1 ok ratio = w * 1.0 / h // Use the Projection Matrix glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) // Reset Matrix glLoadIdentity() // Set the viewport to be the entire window glViewport(0, 0, w, h) // Set the correct perspective. gluPerspective(45,ratio,1,100) // Get Back to the Modelview glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) Screen Shot 54.9 Keyboard Events and Colors Example: load "freeglut.ring" load "opengl21lib.ring" 54.9. Keyboard Events and Colors 507
- 4. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.3 angle = 0 red=1.0 blue=1.0 green=1.0 func main // init GLUT and create window glutInit() glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA) glutInitWindowPosition(100,100) glutInitWindowSize(320,320) glutCreateWindow("RingFreeGLUT - Test 6") glutDisplayFunc(:renderScene) glutReshapeFunc(:changeSize) glutIdleFunc(:renderScene) // here are the new entries glutKeyboardFunc(:processNormalKeys) glutSpecialFunc(:processSpecialKeys) glutMainLoop() func renderScene // Clear Color and Depth Buffers glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) // Reset transformations glLoadIdentity() // Set the camera gluLookAt( 0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glRotatef(angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glColor3f(red,green,blue); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES) glVertex3f(-2.0,-2.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 2.0, 0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 0.0, 2.0, 0.0) glEnd() angle+=0.1 glutSwapBuffers(); func changesize h = glutEventHeight() w = glutEventWidth() // Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short 54.9. Keyboard Events and Colors 508
- 5. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.3 // (you cant make a window of zero width). if (h = 0) h = 1 ok ratio = w * 1.0 / h // Use the Projection Matrix glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) // Reset Matrix glLoadIdentity() // Set the viewport to be the entire window glViewport(0, 0, w, h) // Set the correct perspective. gluPerspective(45,ratio,1,100) // Get Back to the Modelview glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) func processNormalKeys key = GLUTEventKey() if key = 27 shutdown() ok func processSpecialKeys key = GLUTEventKey() switch key on GLUT_KEY_F1 red = 1.0 green = 0.0 blue = 0.0 on GLUT_KEY_F2 red = 0.0 green = 1.0 blue = 0.0 on GLUT_KEY_F3 red = 0.0 green = 0.0 blue = 1.0 off Screen Shot 54.9. Keyboard Events and Colors 509
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.3 54.10 The Camera Example: load "freeglut.ring" load "opengl21lib.ring" // angle of rotation for the camera direction angle=0.0 // actual vector representing the camera's direction lx=0.0 lz=-1.0 // XZ position of the camera x=0.0 z=5.0 func drawSnowMan glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0) // Draw Body glTranslatef(0.0 ,0.75, 0.0) glutSolidSphere(0.75,20,20) // Draw Head glTranslatef(0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glutSolidSphere(0.25,20,20) // Draw Eyes glPushMatrix() glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0) glTranslatef(0.05, 0.10, 0.18) 54.10. The Camera 510
- 7. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.3 glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10) glTranslatef(-0.1, 0.0, 0.0) glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10) glPopMatrix() // Draw Nose glColor3f(1.0, 0.5 , 0.5) glutSolidCone(0.08,0.5,10,2) func changeSize w = glutEventWidth() h = glutEventHeight() // Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short // (you cant make a window of zero width). if h = 0 h = 1 ok ratio = w * 1.0 / h // Use the Projection Matrix glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) // Reset Matrix glLoadIdentity() // Set the viewport to be the entire window glViewport(0, 0, w, h) // Set the correct perspective. gluPerspective(45.0, ratio, 0.1, 100.0); // Get Back to the Modelview glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) func processNormalKeys key = glutEventKey() if key = 27 shutdown() ok func renderScene // Clear Color and Depth Buffers glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) // Reset transformations glLoadIdentity() // Set the camera 54.10. The Camera 511
- 8. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.3 gluLookAt( x, 1.0, z, x+lx, 1.0, z+lz, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) // Draw ground glColor3f(0.9, 0.9, 0.9) glBegin(GL_QUADS) glVertex3f(-100.0, 0.0, -100.0) glVertex3f(-100.0, 0.0, 100.0) glVertex3f( 100.0, 0.0, 100.0) glVertex3f( 100.0, 0.0, -100.0) glEnd() // Draw 36 SnowMen for i = -3 to 2 for j=-3 to 2 glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(i*10.0,0,j * 10.0) drawSnowMan() glPopMatrix() next next glutSwapBuffers() func processSpecialKeys key = glutEventKey() fraction = 0.1 switch key on GLUT_KEY_LEFT angle -= 0.01 lx = sin(angle) lz = -cos(angle) on GLUT_KEY_RIGHT angle += 0.01 lx = sin(angle) lz = -cos(angle) on GLUT_KEY_UP x += lx * fraction z += lz * fraction on GLUT_KEY_DOWN x -= lx * fraction z -= lz * fraction off func main // init GLUT and create window glutInit() glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA) 54.10. The Camera 512
- 9. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.3 glutInitWindowPosition(100,100) glutInitWindowSize(320,320) glutCreateWindow("RingFreeGLUT - Test 7") // register callbacks glutDisplayFunc(:renderScene) glutReshapeFunc(:changeSize) glutIdleFunc(:renderScene) glutKeyboardFunc(:processNormalKeys) glutSpecialFunc(:processSpecialKeys) // OpenGL init glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) // enter GLUT event processing cycle glutMainLoop() Screen Shot Another Example: load "freeglut.ring" load "opengl21lib.ring" // angle of rotation for the camera direction angle = 0.0 // actual vector representing the camera's direction lx=0.0 lz=-1.0 // XZ position of the camera x=0.0 z=5.0 // the key states. These variables will be zero //when no key is being presses deltaAngle = 0.0 54.10. The Camera 513
- 10. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.3 deltaMove = 0 func changeSize w = glutEventWidth() h = glutEventHeight() // Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short // (you cant make a window of zero width). if h = 0 h = 1 ok ratio = w * 1.0 / h // Use the Projection Matrix glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) // Reset Matrix glLoadIdentity() // Set the viewport to be the entire window glViewport(0, 0, w, h) // Set the correct perspective. gluPerspective(45.0, ratio, 0.1, 100.0) // Get Back to the Modelview glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) func drawSnowMan glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0) // Draw Body glTranslatef(0.0 ,0.75, 0.0) glutSolidSphere(0.75,20,20) // Draw Head glTranslatef(0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glutSolidSphere(0.25,20,20) // Draw Eyes glPushMatrix() glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0) glTranslatef(0.05, 0.10, 0.18) glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10) glTranslatef(-0.1, 0.0, 0.0) glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10) glPopMatrix() // Draw Nose glColor3f(1.0, 0.5 , 0.5) glRotatef(0.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0) glutSolidCone(0.08,0.5,10,2) 54.10. The Camera 514