THE STORY OF CRICKET
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The document traces the history of cricket from its uncertain origins in southern England in the 16th century to its development as a popular sport throughout the 18th and 19th centuries in England, British colonies, and other countries. It discusses the earliest references to cricket, the establishment of county clubs and international matches, the impact of industrialization and transportation on the spread of the sport, and the standardization of rules like the number of balls per over over time. Major developments included the first overseas tours in the mid-19th century and establishment of international competitions like the County Championship and Test matches in the late 19th century.
![ The patrons ensured that cricket was financed in the
18th century but their interest, equally applicable to
horse racing and prizefighting, was based on the
opportunities that cricket provided for gambling.
Every important match in the 18th century, whether
first-class or single wicket was played for stakes. The
early newspapers recognised this and were more
interested in publishing the odds than the match
scores. Reports would say who won the wager rather
than who won the match.[55] Sometimes, gambling
would lead to dispute and two matches ended up in
court when rival interests sought legal rulings on the
terms of their wagers.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sst-140626002953-phpapp02/85/THE-STORY-OF-CRICKET-10-320.jpg)
![ Periodicals called The Post Boy and The Post Man were
useful sources for cricket advertisements during the early
18th century. In 1700, a series of matches to be held
onClapham Common was pre-announced on 30 March
by The Post Boy. The first was to take place on Easter
Monday and prizes of £10 and £20 were at stake. No
match reports could be found so the results and scores
remain unknown. The advert says the teams would consist
of ten "Gentlemen" per side but the invitation to attend
was to "Gentlemen and others". This clearly implies that
cricket had achieved both the patronage that
underwrote it through the 18th century and the spectators
who demonstrated its lasting popular appeal.[77] On 24
July 1705, The Post Man announced West of Kent v
Chatham, an 11-a-side game at Malling, Kent](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sst-140626002953-phpapp02/85/THE-STORY-OF-CRICKET-11-320.jpg)
![ Gambling introduced the first patrons because
some of the gamblers decided to strengthen
their bets by forming their own teams and it is
believed the first "county teams" were formed
in the aftermath of the Restoration in 1660,
especially as members of the nobility were
employing "local experts" from village cricket
as the earliest professionals.[4] The first known
game in which the teams use county names is
in 1709 but there can be little doubt that these
sort of fixtures were being arranged long
before that. The match in 1697 was probably
Sussex versus another county.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sst-140626002953-phpapp02/85/THE-STORY-OF-CRICKET-15-320.jpg)
![ Cricket was introduced to North America
via the English colonies in the 17th
century,[3] probably before it had even
reached the north of England. In the 18th
century it arrived in other parts of the globe.
It was introduced to the West Indies by
colonists[3] and to India by British East India
Company mariners in the first half of the
century. It arrived in Australia almost as
soon as colonisation began in 1788. New
Zealand and South Africa followed in the
early years of the 19th century](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sst-140626002953-phpapp02/85/THE-STORY-OF-CRICKET-16-320.jpg)
THE STORY OF CRICKET
- 2. The history of cricket to 1725 traces the sports development from its precrived origin to a stage where it had become major sd introduced in in england and other countries the earliest definite reffernce to cricket occurs in 1598 and makes clear that the sport was being played c.1550, but its true origin is a mystery
- 3. The most widely accepted theory of the origin of cricket is that it developed in early medieval times among the farming and metalworking communities of the weald which lies across part of kent and sussex these countries and neighbouring surrey where the earliest centers of excellence and that it was from there that the game quickly reached london where its lasting popularity was ensured,and other southern countries like Berkshire,essex , hamsphere and middlesex
- 5. Early cricketers played in their everyday clothes and had no protective equipments such as pads and gloves.A173 painting of game in progress at the artillery ground depicts two batsman and bowler dressed alike in white shirt,breeches, white knee length stockings and shoes with buckles the wicket keeper wore same clothes with waist coat the umpire and scorer wears three- quarter lenghts coats and tricon hats
- 6. Beginning was earlier than 1550 somewhere in south east england within the country of kent surrey and sussex most probably in the region known as weald.unlike other games with batsman,bowlers and fielders,such as stoolball and rounders, cricket can only be played on realatevly short grass,especially as the ball was delievered along the grounduntil the 1760s .therefore forest clearing and land where sheep had gazed would have been suitable places to play
- 8. The restortation of the monarchy in england in 1660 was immediately followed by the reopening of theaters and sanctions imposed by the puritians on sport were also lifted.cricket was a leading entertainment and it was ideal for wager.Although there are only scattered refernces to the game in the time of charles 2,it is clear that its popularity was increasing and that it was expanding
- 10. The patrons ensured that cricket was financed in the 18th century but their interest, equally applicable to horse racing and prizefighting, was based on the opportunities that cricket provided for gambling. Every important match in the 18th century, whether first-class or single wicket was played for stakes. The early newspapers recognised this and were more interested in publishing the odds than the match scores. Reports would say who won the wager rather than who won the match.[55] Sometimes, gambling would lead to dispute and two matches ended up in court when rival interests sought legal rulings on the terms of their wagers.
- 11. Periodicals called The Post Boy and The Post Man were useful sources for cricket advertisements during the early 18th century. In 1700, a series of matches to be held onClapham Common was pre-announced on 30 March by The Post Boy. The first was to take place on Easter Monday and prizes of £10 and £20 were at stake. No match reports could be found so the results and scores remain unknown. The advert says the teams would consist of ten "Gentlemen" per side but the invitation to attend was to "Gentlemen and others". This clearly implies that cricket had achieved both the patronage that underwrote it through the 18th century and the spectators who demonstrated its lasting popular appeal.[77] On 24 July 1705, The Post Man announced West of Kent v Chatham, an 11-a-side game at Malling, Kent
- 12. The first great rivalry in cricket history was between the Dartford and London clubs who are first known to have played each other in 1722. On Wednesday, 19 August 1719, London v Kent was played at White Conduit Fields and Kent won. This is the earliest known definite result. The report said the teams played for "a considerable sum of money"
- 13. The earliest known mention of cricket being played outside England is dated Saturday, 6 May 1676. A diarist called Henry Tonge, who was part of a British mission at Aleppo in Turkey (now in Syria), recorded that "at least forty of the English" left the city for recreational purposes and, having found a nice place to pitch a tent for dinner, they "had several pastimes and sports" including "krickett". At six they "returned home in good order
- 15. Gambling introduced the first patrons because some of the gamblers decided to strengthen their bets by forming their own teams and it is believed the first "county teams" were formed in the aftermath of the Restoration in 1660, especially as members of the nobility were employing "local experts" from village cricket as the earliest professionals.[4] The first known game in which the teams use county names is in 1709 but there can be little doubt that these sort of fixtures were being arranged long before that. The match in 1697 was probably Sussex versus another county.
- 16. Cricket was introduced to North America via the English colonies in the 17th century,[3] probably before it had even reached the north of England. In the 18th century it arrived in other parts of the globe. It was introduced to the West Indies by colonists[3] and to India by British East India Company mariners in the first half of the century. It arrived in Australia almost as soon as colonisation began in 1788. New Zealand and South Africa followed in the early years of the 19th century
- 18. Cricket faced its first real crisis during the 18th century when major matches virtually ceased during the Seven Years' War. This was largely due to shortage of players and lack of investment. But the game survived and the "Hambledon Era" proper began in the mid- 1760s. Cricket faced another major crisis at the beginning of the 19th century when a cessation of major matches occurred during the culminating period of the Napoleonic Wars. Again, the causes were shortage of players and lack of investment. But, as in the 1760s, the game survived and a slow recovery began in 1815
- 20. The game also underwent a fundamental change of organisation with the formation for the first time of county clubs. All the modern county clubs, starting with Sussex in 1839, were founded during the 19th century. No sooner had the first county clubs established themselves than they faced what amounted to "player action" as William Clarke created the travelling All-England Eleven in 1846. Though a commercial venture, this team did much to popularise the game in districts which had never previously been visited by high-class cricketers. Other similar teams were created and this vogue lasted for about thirty years. But the counties and MCC prevailed.
- 21. The growth of cricket in the mid and late 19th century was assisted by the development of the railway network. For the first time, teams from a long distance apart could play one other without a prohibitively time-consuming journey. Spectators could travel longer distances to matches, increasing the size of crowd In 1864, another bowling revolution resulted in the legalisation of overarm and in the same year Wisden Cricketers' Almanack was first published The "Great Cricketer", W G Grace, made his first- class debut in 1865. His feats did much to increase the game's popularity and he introduced technical innovations which revolutionised the game, particularly in batting.
- 24. The first ever international cricket game was between the USA and Canada in 1844. The match was played at the grounds of the St George's Cricket Club in New York In 1859, a team of leading English professionals set off to North America on the first-ever overseas tour and, in 1862, the first English team toured Australia Between May and October 1868, a team of Australian Aborigines toured England in what was the first Australian cricket team to travel overseas. In 1877, an England touring team in Australia played two matches against full Australian XIs that are now regarded as the inaugural Test matches. The following year, the Australians toured England for the first time and were a spectacular success. No Tests were played on that tour but more soon followed and, at The Oval in 1882, arguably the most famous match of all time gave rise to The Ashes. South Africa became the third Test nation in 1889.
- 26. A major watershed occurred in 1890 when the official County Championship was constituted in England. This organisational initiative has been repeated in other countries. Australia established the Sheffield Shield in 1892–93. Other national competitions to be established were the Currie Cup in South Africa, the Plunkett Shield in New Zealand and the Ranji Trophy in India. The period from 1890 to the outbreak of the First World War has become an object of nostalgia, ostensibly because the teams played cricket according to "the spirit of the game", but more realistically because it was a peacetime period that was shattered by the First World War. The era has been called The Golden Age of cricket and it featured numerous great names such as Grace, Wilfred Rhodes, C B Fry, K S Ranjitsinhji and Victor Trumper.
- 27. In 1889 the immemorial four ball over was replaced by a five ball over and then this was changed to the current six balls an over in 1900. Subsequently, some countries experimented with eight balls an over. In 1922, the number of balls per over was changed from six to eight in Australia only. In 1924 the eight ball over was extended to New Zealand and in 1937 to South Africa. In England, the eight ball over was adopted experimentally for the 1939 season; the intention was to continue the experiment in 1940, but first-class cricket was suspended for the Second World War and when it resumed, English cricket reverted to the six ball over. The 1947 Laws of Cricket allowed six or eight balls depending on the conditions of play. Since the 1979/80 Australian and New Zealand seasons, the six ball over has been used worldwide and the most recent version of the Laws in 2000 only permits six ball overs