Theory of operations - Mature Packet Switching Protocols
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This document discusses the theory of operations for packet switching networks. It describes traffic characteristics such as bursty traffic that is delay-insensitive and asymmetrical, making it well-suited for packet switching. The document then explains the basic operation of X.25 packet switching, where data is divided into packets and routed through a network of nodes before being reassembled. Each node acts as a data circuit-terminating equipment and routes packets based on its routing table while performing error checking and retransmission.
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Electronic customer relationship management (e crm)Pradnya Saval Electronic customer relationship management (E-CRM) uses internet technologies like email, websites and chatrooms to achieve customer relationship management goals. It automates marketing, sales and customer service processes through collecting customer data. E-CRM provides benefits like improved customer service, productivity and satisfaction by allowing personalized interactions and insights through a consolidated customer database. However, it also faces disadvantages such as security issues and over-reliance on systems reducing human interactions.
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Data warehouse and data miningPradnya Saval A data warehouse is a database that collects and manages data from various sources to provide business insights. It contains consolidated historical data kept separately from operational databases. A data warehouse helps executives analyze data to make strategic decisions. Data mining extracts valuable patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data through techniques like classification, clustering, and neural networks. It is used along with data warehouses for applications like churn analysis, fraud detection, and market segmentation.
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Supply chain management (scm)Pradnya Saval Supply chain management involves the management of the flow of goods and services from raw materials to final products being delivered to customers. It provides advantages like efficiency, reduced costs and inventory, just-in-time delivery, and increased revenue. The components of an e-supply chain management system include planning, information, sourcing, inventory, production, location, transportation, and return of goods. The architecture of an e-supply chain involves internal operations, inter-organizational operations through shared visions and process modeling, and inter-organizational technologies like integration and networking. Trends in supply chain management include warehouse robotics, autonomous transportation, blurred lines with technology services, and an emphasis on social responsibility.
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Deep Learning - RNN and CNNPradnya Saval Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are two common types of deep neural networks. RNNs include feedback connections so they can learn from sequence data like text, while CNNs are useful for visual data due to their translation invariance from pooling and convolutional layers. The document provides examples of applying RNNs and CNNs to tasks like sentiment analysis, image classification, and machine translation. It also discusses common CNN architecture components like convolutional layers, activation functions like ReLU, pooling layers, and fully connected layers.
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- The integrated services model was developed by IETF to provide different levels of quality of service in the Internet. It uses resource reservation, packet classification, and scheduling to ensure applications receive their requested QoS.
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2) The DS model aggregates traffic by service level agreements rather than per-flow reservations. Packets are marked with DS field codepoints to receive different per-hop behaviors like expedited forwarding or assured forwarding.
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X.75 Internetworking protocol
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IP forwarding architectures and Overlay ModelPradnya Saval The document discusses different approaches to IP forwarding in routers, including:
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2. Category 2 simplifies lookup using short, fixed-length labels instead of long, variable-length IP prefixes, like using VCI/VPI in ATM networks.
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