Things lab - introduction to programming
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Introduction to programming, we are proposing to use SNAP as tool for teaching programming to young people.
![Structured programming
Structured programming is a programming paradigm aimed at improving the
clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by making
extensive use of subroutines, block structures, for and while loops—in
contrast to using simple tests and jumps such as the goto statement which
could lead to "spaghetti code" which is difficult both to follow and to maintain.
It emerged in the late 1950s with the appearance of the ALGOL 58 and
ALGOL 60 programming languages,[1] with the latter including support for
block structures. Contributing factors to its popularity and widespread
acceptance, at first in academia and later among practitioners, include the
discovery of what is now known as the structured program theorem in 1966,
[2] and the publication of the influential "Go To Statement Considered
Harmful" open letter in 1968 by Dutch computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra,
who coined the term "structured programming".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_programming](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thingslab-introprogramming-160802053750/85/Things-lab-introduction-to-programming-10-320.jpg)
![UTSL: //, n.
[Unix] On-line acronym for ‘Use the Source, Luke’ (a pun
on Obi-Wan Kenobi's “Use the Force, Luke!” in Star
Wars) — analogous to RTFS (sense 1), but more polite.
This is a common way of suggesting that someone would
be better off reading the source code that supports
whatever feature is causing confusion, rather than
making yet another futile pass through the manuals, or
broadcasting questions on Usenet that haven't attracted
wizards to answer them.
http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/U/UTSL.html
Better, first, RTFM (google it!)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thingslab-introprogramming-160802053750/85/Things-lab-introduction-to-programming-23-320.jpg)
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Things lab - introduction to programming
- 6. Algorithm Origin ● “Algorithm” or “Algorism” in some other writing versions, comes from the name Al-Khwārizmī (c. 780-850), a Persian mathematician, astronomer, geographer and a scholar in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, whose name means “the native of Kharazm”, a city that was part of the Greater Iran during his era and now is in modern day Uzbekistan He wrote a treatise in Arabic language in the 9th century, which was translated into Latin in the 12th century under the title Algoritmi de numero Indorum. This title means “Algoritmi on the numbers of the Indians”, where “Algoritmi” was the translator’s Latinization of Al-Khwarizmi’s name http://blog.vishupuri.net/2011/01/23/origin-of-the-word-algorithm/
- 8. Algorithm nowadays ● In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a self- contained step-by- step set of operations to be performed. Algorithms perform calculation, data processing, and/or automated reasoning tasks.
- 10. Structured programming Structured programming is a programming paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by making extensive use of subroutines, block structures, for and while loops—in contrast to using simple tests and jumps such as the goto statement which could lead to "spaghetti code" which is difficult both to follow and to maintain. It emerged in the late 1950s with the appearance of the ALGOL 58 and ALGOL 60 programming languages,[1] with the latter including support for block structures. Contributing factors to its popularity and widespread acceptance, at first in academia and later among practitioners, include the discovery of what is now known as the structured program theorem in 1966, [2] and the publication of the influential "Go To Statement Considered Harmful" open letter in 1968 by Dutch computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra, who coined the term "structured programming". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_programming
- 11. FLOWCHARTS Type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.
- 12. COMMON SHAPES
- 13. Basic structures of any programming language ● Variables ● Control structures ● Data structures ● Syntax
- 14. Variables In computer programming, a variable is a storage location and an associated symbolic name which contains some known or unknown quantity or information, a value. Examples: PHP -> $test = “This is a variable”; Python -> lucky = 7
- 16. CONTROL STRUCTURES Sequence Selection Iteration Recursion Subroutines (functions nowadays) Blocks
- 17. IF... THEN... ELSE... if ($a > $b) { echo "a is bigger than b"; } elseif ($a == $b) { echo "a is equal to b"; } else { echo "a is smaller than b"; }
- 18. FOR... NEXT for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) { echo $i; }
- 19. WHILE... $i = 1; while ($i <= 10) { echo $i++; }
- 20. DATA STRUCTURES In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Not all programming languages can use advanced data structures. E.g. like in Object Oriented Programming
- 21. SYNTAX In computer science, the syntax of a programming language is the set of rules that define the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured programs in that language.
- 23. UTSL: //, n. [Unix] On-line acronym for ‘Use the Source, Luke’ (a pun on Obi-Wan Kenobi's “Use the Force, Luke!” in Star Wars) — analogous to RTFS (sense 1), but more polite. This is a common way of suggesting that someone would be better off reading the source code that supports whatever feature is causing confusion, rather than making yet another futile pass through the manuals, or broadcasting questions on Usenet that haven't attracted wizards to answer them. http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/U/UTSL.html Better, first, RTFM (google it!)
- 24. Snap4Arduino is a modification of the Snap visual programming language that lets you seamlessly interact with almost all versions of the Arduino electronic prototyping board.