Thread priorities

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Thread priorities determine the order threads are executed, with higher priority threads running first. Priorities range from 1 to 10, with 5 as the default. The scheduler allocates CPU time to the highest priority ready thread. Preemptive scheduling allows a new, higher priority thread to interrupt a currently running lower priority thread. For threads of equal priority, round-robin scheduling evenly allocates CPU time slices. The example demonstrates setting thread priorities and the effect on execution order.

IntroductionThe thread scheduler can use the thread priorities in the form of integer value to each of its thread to determine the execution schedule of threads . Thread gets the ready-to-run state according to their priorities. The thread scheduler provides the CPU time to thread of highest priority during ready-to-run state.

PrioritiesPriorities are integer values from 1 (lowest priority given by the constant Thread.MIN_PRIORITY) to 10 (highest priority given by the constant Thread.MAX_PRIORITY). The default priority is 5(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY).

Preemptive SchedulingWhen a Java thread is created, it inherits its priority from the thread that created it. At any given time, when multiple threads are ready to be executed, the runtime system chooses the runnable thread with the highest priority for execution. In Java runtime system, preemptive scheduling algorithm is applied.

PriorityIf at the execution time a thread with a higher priority and all other threads are runnable then the runtime system chooses the new higher priority thread for execution. On the other hand, if two threads of the same priority are waiting to be executed by the CPU then the round-robin algorithm is applied in which the scheduler chooses one of them to run according to their round of time-slice.

Thread SchedularPreemptive scheduling – If the new thread has a higher priority then current running thread leaves the runnable state and higher priority thread enter to the runnable state.Time-Sliced (Round-Robin) Scheduling – A running thread is allowed to be execute for the fixed time, after completion the time, current thread indicates to the another thread to enter it in the runnable state.

Example Program class MyThread1 extends Thread{ MyThread1(String s) { super(s); start(); }public void run()

$Cont., { for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {Thread cur=Thread.currentThread(); cur.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); int p=cur.getPriority(); System.out.println("Thread Name :“+Thread.currentThread().getName())$

Cont., System.out.println("Thread Priority :“ +cur); } }}class MyThread2 extends Thread{ MyThread2 extends Thread

Cont., {super(s); start(); }}public void run(){

$Cont.,for(int i=0;i<3;i++) { Thread cur=Thread.currentThread(); cur.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); int p=cur.getPriority();$

Cont., System.out.println("Thread Name :“+Thread.currentThread().getName());System.out.println("Thread Priority :"+cur); } }}

Cont.,public class ThreadPriority{public static void main(String args[]) { MyThread1 m1=new MyThread1("My Thread 1"); MyThread2 m2=new MyThread2("My Thread 2"); }}

$Output of a ProgramC:\dir>javac ThreadPriority.javaC:\dir>java ThreadPriorityThread Name :My Thread 1Thread Name :My Thread 2Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 2,10,main]Thread Name :My Thread 2Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 2,10,main]Thread Name :My Thread 2Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 2,10,main]Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 1,1,main]Thread Name :My Thread 1Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 1,1,main]Thread Name :My Thread 1Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 1,1,main]$

In Java, each thread has a priority that is used by the thread scheduler to determine execution order. The priority can be set from 1 to 10, where 10 is the highest priority. When multiple threads have the same priority, the scheduler will select one to execute based on its algorithm. Methods like getPriority() and setPriority() allow retrieving and setting a thread's priority at runtime. Common priority levels defined as constants include MAX_PRIORITY, MIN_PRIORITY, and NORM_PRIORITY. However, the actual effect of priority depends on the underlying operating system.

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The document discusses Java threads and thread synchronization. It defines that a thread is a flow of control and sequence of executed statements. It explains that a Thread is an object that can be created by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The start() method creates and runs the thread, while run() defines the code for the thread to execute. Threads have a lifecycle and can be in different states like ready, running, blocked/waiting. Synchronization is used to coordinate access to shared resources using locks, and wait/notify allows threads to signal and wait for each other.

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Thread priorities

1. Thread Priorities

2. IntroductionThe thread scheduler can use the thread priorities in the form of integer value to each of its thread to determine the execution schedule of threads . Thread gets the ready-to-run state according to their priorities. The thread scheduler provides the CPU time to thread of highest priority during ready-to-run state.

3. PrioritiesPriorities are integer values from 1 (lowest priority given by the constant Thread.MIN_PRIORITY) to 10 (highest priority given by the constant Thread.MAX_PRIORITY). The default priority is 5(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY).

4. Description

5. Methods to set the Priority

6. Preemptive SchedulingWhen a Java thread is created, it inherits its priority from the thread that created it. At any given time, when multiple threads are ready to be executed, the runtime system chooses the runnable thread with the highest priority for execution. In Java runtime system, preemptive scheduling algorithm is applied.

7. PriorityIf at the execution time a thread with a higher priority and all other threads are runnable then the runtime system chooses the new higher priority thread for execution. On the other hand, if two threads of the same priority are waiting to be executed by the CPU then the round-robin algorithm is applied in which the scheduler chooses one of them to run according to their round of time-slice.

8. Thread SchedularPreemptive scheduling – If the new thread has a higher priority then current running thread leaves the runnable state and higher priority thread enter to the runnable state.Time-Sliced (Round-Robin) Scheduling – A running thread is allowed to be execute for the fixed time, after completion the time, current thread indicates to the another thread to enter it in the runnable state.

9. Example Program class MyThread1 extends Thread{ MyThread1(String s) { super(s); start(); }public void run()

10. Cont., { for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {Thread cur=Thread.currentThread(); cur.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); int p=cur.getPriority(); System.out.println("Thread Name :“+Thread.currentThread().getName())

11. Cont., System.out.println("Thread Priority :“ +cur); } }}class MyThread2 extends Thread{ MyThread2 extends Thread

12. Cont., {super(s); start(); }}public void run(){

13. Cont.,for(int i=0;i<3;i++) { Thread cur=Thread.currentThread(); cur.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); int p=cur.getPriority();

14. Cont., System.out.println("Thread Name :“+Thread.currentThread().getName());System.out.println("Thread Priority :"+cur); } }}

15. Cont.,public class ThreadPriority{public static void main(String args[]) { MyThread1 m1=new MyThread1("My Thread 1"); MyThread2 m2=new MyThread2("My Thread 2"); }}

16. Output of a ProgramC:\dir>javac ThreadPriority.javaC:\dir>java ThreadPriorityThread Name :My Thread 1Thread Name :My Thread 2Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 2,10,main]Thread Name :My Thread 2Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 2,10,main]Thread Name :My Thread 2Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 2,10,main]Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 1,1,main]Thread Name :My Thread 1Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 1,1,main]Thread Name :My Thread 1Thread Priority :Thread[My Thread 1,1,main]

17. The End ….. Thank You …..

Thread priorities

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