Thriving in the cloud: Going beyond the 12 factors

Thriving in the
Cloud: Beyond
the 12 Factors
Grace Jansen
@gracejansen27

Evolution of Modern Infrastructure
© 2021 IBM Corporation @gracejansen27

What does the Cloud offer?
Co$t Speed
Speed
Speed
Speed
Speed
Speed
Resiliency
Innovation
Scalability

What does it mean to be cloud-native?
Cloud native technologies empower organizations to build and
run scalable applications in modern, dynamic environments
such as public, private, and hybrid clouds.
https://github.com/cncf/toc/blob/master/DEFINITION.md

12 Factor App Methodology
https://12factor.net/

The original 12 factors:
1. Codebase
2. Dependencies
3. Configuration
4. Backing Services
5. Build, release, run
6. Processes
7. Port Binding
8. Concurrency
9. Disposability
10. Dev/prod parity
11. Logs
12. Admin Processes

Revised 15 factors
1. One Codebase, one application
2. API first
3. Dependency management
4. Design, build, release, and run
5. Configuration, credentials and code
6. Logs
7. Disposability
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/beyond-the-twelve-factor/9781492042631/
8. Backing services
9. Environment parity
10. Administrative processes
11. Port binding
12. Stateless processes
13. Concurrency
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication and authorization

Thriving in the
cloud through
the revised 15
factors

1. One codebase, one application
1. CodeBase
Production
Staging
Q/A
DevSecOps
Developer
Codebase
Deploys

2. API first
NEW
Application Source
Code
Feedback

2. API first
NEW
Application Source
Code
Feedback
https://openliberty.io/guides/micro
profile-openapi.html

3. Dependency management
2. Dependencies
Application Source
Code
Makes use of…

4. Design, build, release, run
5. Build, release, run
CI/CD
Design Build Release Run

3. Configuration
Application
Uses…

3. Configuration
Application
Uses…
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-config.html

6. Logs
11. Logs
Message
Broker
Interested
Service
Interested
Service
Logger

7. Disposability
9. Disposability
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
Grace the Cat
Cattle Pet
VS

7. Disposability
9. Disposability
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
Grace the Cat
Cattle Pet
VS
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-fallback.html

8. Backing Services
4. Backing Services
Application

9. Environmental parity
10. Dev/Prod Parity
Development Q/A Production
= =

9. Environmental parity
10. Dev/Prod Parity
Development Q/A Production
= =
https://openliberty.io/guides/microshed-testing.html

10. Administrative processes
12. Admin Processes
https://openliberty.io/guides/kubernetes-intro.html

11. Port Binding
7. Port Binding
Service A Service B Service C
http://<a_dns>:3030 http://<another_dns>:4040 http://<som_other_dns>:5050

6. Processes
Process A
Process B Process C Process D

6. Processes
Process A
Process B Process C Process D
https://openliberty.io/guides/rest-intro.html

13. Concurrency
8. Concurrency
Web.1
Web.2
Worker.1
Worker.2
Worker.3
Worker.4
Clock.1
Workload diversity (process types)
Scale
(running
processes)

14. Telemetry
NEW
Application
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-metrics.html https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-health.html

NEW
Application
Authorised
User
Unauthorised
User
RBAC verification

NEW
Application
Authorised
User
Unauthorised
User
RBAC verification
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-jwt.html

Interactive cloud-native labs
https://openliberty.skill
snetwork.site/cloud-
native-java-made-easy-
microprofile-jakarta-ee

Open Liberty Guides
https://openliberty.io/guides/

Summary:
• Twelve-factor applications = great start
• But… to thrive in the cloud, we need to look beyond the 12 factors
• No excuses!
• Lots of open-source tools and technologies available to help
• Action: Evaluate your own applications against these 15 factors and
consider what you could do to enable them to truly thrive in the
cloud

Useful Resources
• General:
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2019/09/05/12-factor-microprofile-kubernetes.html
• https://www.cdta.org/sites/default/files/awards/beyond_the_12-
factor_app_pivotal.pdf
• Design, build, release, run:
• https://developer.ibm.com/devpractices/devops/patterns/make-continuous-
delivery-easier-with-tekton-dashboards/
• https://dzone.com/articles/deploying-microprofile-microservices-with-tekton
• Logging:
• https://developer.ibm.com/videos/use-json-logging-in-open-liberty/
• https://developer.ibm.com/videos/send-open-liberty-logs-to-elastic-stack/
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2021/02/10/ocp-log-forwarding.html
• https://community.ibm.com/community/user/communities/community-
home/librarydocuments/viewdocument?DocumentKey=65596910-8d01-48d2-a99e-
d94794d022af

Useful Resources
• Stateless Processes:
• https://openliberty.io/guides/sessions.html
• Concurrency:
• https://developer.ibm.com/technologies/containers/tutorials/autoscale-
application-on-kubernetes-cluster/
• Authentication and Authorisation:
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2021/03/26/MP-JWT-1.2.html
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2020/09/04/securing-open-liberty-azure.html
• Open Liberty Tools:
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2021/04/21/admin-center-21004.html

Thank You
Grace Jansen
@gracejansen27

Thriving in the cloud: Going beyond the 12 factors

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