TII_DSRC_Sustainability_vFINALE_ter.pdf
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The document discusses the critical role of 6G technology in addressing climate change through reduced greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy efficiency in mobile networks. It highlights the expected population and energy demands by 2050 and outlines various innovative applications of 6G, including smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and sustainable agriculture. The authors emphasize the importance of collaboration across various sectors to achieve net-zero emissions and improve urban management, safety, and efficiency.
![TII – Technology Innovation Institute
Carbon Footprint Reduction:: 2020 Science-Based Pathway
Towards Net-Zero GHG emissions by 2050
Telecom: [2-3]% consumption of Global Electricity Supply
ICT: [5-9]% consumption likely to rise up to +20% by 2030
Cause: Population increase, IoT, Mobile demand
2020: “Science-Based Pathway” – Net-Zero GHG emissions by 2050
- 29 operators (30% Global Mobile Connections) already committed to
this plan.
- Trajectory for Mobile Network Operators == GHG reduction by 45% by
2030
GHG: Green-House Gas](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tiidsrcsustainabilityvfinaleter-220927201858-572f735a/85/TII_DSRC_Sustainability_vFINALE_ter-pdf-3-320.jpg)
![TII – Technology Innovation Institute
C-V2X services: Keystone of NextGen (NG) Sustainable Mobility
Emergency First Responder priority
Smart Traffic Light
Blind curve: Hazard warning
• Safer Roads, Lower congestion/stops/accidents
• Road Safety: 6% CO2 Reduction
• CACC (Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control): with controlled
intersections, thanks to C-V2X: 6% CO2 reduction
• Ecodriving
• on Motorways (avoiding congestion): 6% CO2 reduction
• Other roads: 3% - 7% CO2 reduction.
• Highest for [50-80Km/h]
• Intelligent Intersection:
• Avoiding (complete) stops
• Truck: 22% CO2 reduction on provincial intersections
• Car: 13% - 21% CO2 reduction
• VRU (Vulnerable Road Users) Protection
• This would encourage Cyclists
• Public Transportation prioritization
• V2X RSU Traffic light would prioritize public transportation,
thus encouraging its use, then reducing CO2
Source: TNO](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tiidsrcsustainabilityvfinaleter-220927201858-572f735a/85/TII_DSRC_Sustainability_vFINALE_ter-pdf-15-320.jpg)
TII_DSRC_Sustainability_vFINALE_ter.pdf
- 1. tii.ae Sustainability & Climate Change Ask not what 6G can do for you, but what you can do for 6G… IEEE MeditCom 2022 Thierry LESTABLE, Ph.D Executive Director Artificial Intelligence & Digital Science Research Center (AIDRC)
- 2. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Combating Climate Change Everyone is liable and needs to play a role…especially Research! “By 2050, the Earth’s population is expected to increase from 7 to 10 billion and the world economy is projected to nearly quadruple, creating a growing demand for energy and natural resources. This new economy is projected to use 80% more energy by 2050.” United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change commits to limit increase in global surface temperature to 1.5 to 2 C by 2050. Current level is at 1.2 C. finding the global solutions to reduce emissions by 45% by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050.
- 3. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Carbon Footprint Reduction:: 2020 Science-Based Pathway Towards Net-Zero GHG emissions by 2050 Telecom: [2-3]% consumption of Global Electricity Supply ICT: [5-9]% consumption likely to rise up to +20% by 2030 Cause: Population increase, IoT, Mobile demand 2020: “Science-Based Pathway” – Net-Zero GHG emissions by 2050 - 29 operators (30% Global Mobile Connections) already committed to this plan. - Trajectory for Mobile Network Operators == GHG reduction by 45% by 2030 GHG: Green-House Gas
- 4. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Mobile Network Traffic Growth Vs consumption 287x Growth in Traffic whilst only 1.6x Growth in Energy Consumption, this gives an indication of the scaling factor between both phenomenon. power consumption per bit for 5G is 90% less than with 4G (0.14 Watts per Mbps compared to 1.48 W/Mbps).
- 5. TII – Technology Innovation Institute GHG emissions (indirect) abatement thanks to 5G By 2030: 550MtCO2 each year = 15% of total EU emission in 2017 “Communications technology, digitalization, and cloud technologies are central to the transition to a zero-emissions economy.” “The avoided emissions that they enable is substantial.” Dr Ajay Gambhir, Grantham Institute for Climate Change GHG: Green-House Gas Source: qualcomm
- 6. TII – Technology Innovation Institute GHG Emissions abatement – dive in Avoided Carbon Emissions by Category in 2018 (14 countries) 1.44billion MWh elec/gas 521 billion litres fuel Mobile Technologies Enablement Ratio (Vs footprint of industry) - 2015: 5:1 - 2019: 10:1 - 2025: 20:1 Dive-in
- 7. TII – Technology Innovation Institute 7 6G KPIs - Purpose Built System 6G KPIs Let’s handle Mobility as Keystone of Sustainable Cognitive City Prioritize
- 8. tii.ae IEEE MeditCom 2022 Smart/Cognitive City Safer Roads/Infrastructure & Traffic Management
- 9. TII – Technology Innovation Institute The Top 10 Smart City Use Cases 2020 survey “ 55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas and this percentage is expected to rise to 68% by 2050 (.. addition of 2.5 billion people to urban areas worldwide.). Additionally, freight volumes are expected to grow by 40% during this time period” traffic congestion cost U.S. commuters $305 billion in 2017 due to wasted fuel, lost time and the increased cost of transporting goods through congested areas Source: INRIX A recent study published in Environmental Research Letters found that 100 cities drive 18% of global CO2 emissions
- 10. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Transportation: Carbon Footprint In Europe, transportation is the main source of carbon emissions: - It represents 27% of total emissions in the EU - 45% of these emissions come from cars. Road transport is the main contributor to these emissions: 77%. In France: 121 million metric tons of CO2 in 2018. In the UK in 2017, that number was at 118 million metric tons of CO2. The European Green Deal aims at reducing the emissions of the transport sector by 90% by 2050 Road congestion has economic, environmental, and human costs: • Commuter: time, fuel, quality of life, vehicle maintenance • Safety: crashes, emergency response times • Freight: supply chain delays, fuel, shipping costs • Environmental & Public Health: CO2, fuel, death and illness • Economic Competitiveness: access to jobs, airport delays Traffic congestion interferes with emergency vehicles, increases the number of accidents, increases air pollution, and affects productivity
- 11. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Global Status Report on Road Safety - 2018 VRU: Vulnerable Road Users 50 Millions injured
- 12. TII – Technology Innovation Institute A.I for Road Safety → 2030 « Accelerating the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)» Road traffic deaths and injuries to be reduced by at least 50 % from 2021 to 2030 6G to address UN’s SDG ➔ Contribute to the Quality & opportunities of human Life
- 13. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Autonomous Vehicle (AV): The Ultimate Sensor Fusion Source: Waymo « Space Odissey »/ « Moonshot » with some Direct Short Terms & Affordable Enhancements for our Daily Life!
- 14. TII – Technology Innovation Institute LiDAR + Video Camera Fusion + A.I 80% of all car accidents involve Distraction (rationale for SAFE act in the USA). 25% of fatal accidents involve distraction
- 15. TII – Technology Innovation Institute C-V2X services: Keystone of NextGen (NG) Sustainable Mobility Emergency First Responder priority Smart Traffic Light Blind curve: Hazard warning • Safer Roads, Lower congestion/stops/accidents • Road Safety: 6% CO2 Reduction • CACC (Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control): with controlled intersections, thanks to C-V2X: 6% CO2 reduction • Ecodriving • on Motorways (avoiding congestion): 6% CO2 reduction • Other roads: 3% - 7% CO2 reduction. • Highest for [50-80Km/h] • Intelligent Intersection: • Avoiding (complete) stops • Truck: 22% CO2 reduction on provincial intersections • Car: 13% - 21% CO2 reduction • VRU (Vulnerable Road Users) Protection • This would encourage Cyclists • Public Transportation prioritization • V2X RSU Traffic light would prioritize public transportation, thus encouraging its use, then reducing CO2 Source: TNO
- 16. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Urban Traffic Management :: A.I + 5G & C-V2X Cross-Working Group Work Item VRU: 2020 A.I combined with 5G & C-V2X is paving the way to disrupting road traffic Management services, saving and changing lives of citizens. Heterogeneous Interconnected devices, with Data privacy concerns make it a perfect playground for Federated Learning & A.I on Edge !
- 17. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Smart Traffic Analysis Stereo-vision OTUS3D
- 18. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Road Side Unit (RSU) – C-V2X + LiDAR + Video & A.I Road Side Units (RSU) deployment jointly with LiDAR & Cameras to capture activities & intention of Vehicles + Pedestrian to improve safety, then prioritized emergency vehicles, and finally smooth/efficient traffic. Smart City :: Security & Safety Edge Computing (MEC) will also play a Key role within the IT infrastructure, to secure Low Latency (RTT), gathering/fusion of sensors data & processing power. MEC: Multi-Access Edge Computing
- 19. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Traffic Management :: Classifying & counting – Flow control Fixed Camera Flying Camera onboard Drone 6G Non- Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)
- 20. TII – Technology Innovation Institute C-V2X :: Carbon Footprint, Use Cases Truck: Emission Reduction with and without stopping at intersection 22% CO2 Reduction Smart Traffic Light Car: CO2 Emission with and without Congestion (due to accident) with Congestion (due to accident) without Congestion (due to accident) No Stop ~33% CO2 Reduction
- 21. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Prioritizing Emergency Vehicles flow :: A.I+C-V2X+(NG)eCall A.I Jointly with C-V2X and (NG)e-Call system, will save lives, by minimizing time for intervention (first responders), whilst also increasing global security of cities.
- 22. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Promising Use cases smart traffic management systems could save cities $277 billion by 2025 through reducing emissions and congestion. Over 95% of the savings will be made by reducing traffic congestion Smart Intersection Investment to Grow by 78% Investments into smart intersections will reach $10.2 billion by 2027; rising from $5.7 billion in 2022
- 23. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Autonomous Vehicle (A.V) Teleoperation Dispatch Center A “Must have” for Liability purpose? … Still in the infancy. Quite some room for improvements in terms of User/Technician Immersive experience! Needs interaction mechanisms to maintain perceptual illusions. Possible thanks to high resolution imaging and sensing, and 5G/6G wireless networks (URLLC) URLLC Multisensory Telepresence & Immersion URLLC: Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication
- 24. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Improving Road Safety via Infrastructure Hazards detection (e.g. Pothole) Sensor Fusion : Video + Accelerometer (IMU) + GNSS Potholes are amongst the primary Road Infrastructure Hazards jeopardizing safety of drivers (especially Motorbikes, Cycles). Thanks to latest Leading Edge technologies such as Computer Vision, fusioned with Inertial sensors, it is now possible to detect and monitor such hazards, and set-up efficient repair campaigns via predictive Maintenance.
- 25. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Potholes Detection & Mapping: Smart City Cloud Platform Extension Prioritization & Optimization of Urban investment / Road Maintenance, whilst cross-referencing with Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) Risk Management.
- 26. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Motorway Maintenance: Cost efficiency “The costs of road maintenance in the Netherlands add up to 1.6 Billion euros on an annual basis” A.I Driving footage “a team of specialized technicians to go frame by frame through the footage in order to recognize anomalies. These defects are then manually categorized before they are reported for maintenance” The past: Costly & Lengthy Now Semantic segmentation Cost efficient Maintenance
- 27. tii.ae Micro-Mobility Smarter & Safer e-Scooters, e-Bikes IEEE MeditCom 2022
- 28. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Micro-Mobility is Key to Sustainable Smart Cities Faster growth than ride-hailing ! Rebound after Covid-19 crisis. Reduce Carbon Gaz emission
- 29. TII – Technology Innovation Institute A.I Taking Fleet e-Scooter safety ( and Business) to the next level (1/2) • Lane recognition – Is the scooter riding on the Road, the Sidewalk or the Bike lane? • Pedestrian detection • Helmet detection • Camera assisted parking (using QR code recognition in designated spaces that don’t have any GPS signal – e.g. underground car parks or ‘urban canyons’) • Smart City Insights (Surface conditions, obstructions, near misses etc) Source: Luna & Voi Sidewalk detection/Protection Parking assistance Main challenge for business growth: Sidewalk Protection
- 30. TII – Technology Innovation Institute A.I Taking Fleet e-Scooter safety ( and Business) to the next level (2/2)
- 31. TII – Technology Innovation Institute What about Consumer e-Scooters? Model XI Crash Assist A.I ADAS Camera sensor, making difference between: stop-light, stop-sign, person, car, or inanimate oject ➔ Audible & visual warnings!!.
- 32. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Qualcomm & Spoke: Bringing C-V2X to e-Bikes B2X (Bike to Everything)
- 33. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Intelligent Helmets : A.I + A.R A.R: Augmented Reality Far beyond « Standard Helmets », however fueling Innovation towards more Safety. Potential Concerns with Distraction….likely to require quite some Feedback Experience from the Field / Real World…before any commercial launch.
- 34. tii.ae Smart Agriculture & Last Mile Delivery The « take-off » of UAVs to fight Climate Change… IEEE MeditCom 2022
- 35. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Smart (precision) Agriculture UAV used for more efficient Pesticide application UAV with 5G connection allows to access remote cultivated areas, together with more accurate positioning for selection of the geographical cluster where to spray the Pesticide. There is a twofold benefit: 1) Protecting farmers by securing remote spraying of chemicals 2) Increase efficiency of the spraying Agriculture, Forestry and other land uses == 25% of global GHG emissions Main reason comes from usage of fertilizer, irrigation systems and food waste. So any action increasing efficiency in those 3 domains will strongly help reducing the GHG emissions. 50% decrease in the amount of pesticide applied! By 2050, an additional 2 billion people will need to be fed. This results in a demand increase of +56% more crop calories (compared to 2010), that should be supported by +593 Million hectares of land (=almost twice India).
- 36. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Smart Freight - Delivery Drones Promising Last-Mile delivery “drones’ greenhouse-gas emissions per kilometre are roughly 2% of those of a medium-duty truck powered by either diesel fuel or electricity. ” “greenhouse-gas emissions per parcel were 84% lower for drones than for diesel trucks.” (small items) Even though fully automated/autonomous (L4/L5) Drones are being investigated, we need to bear in mind many of use cases might still get involved remote operation, so called BVLOS (Beyond-Visual-Line-Of-sight) operation, meaning XR-UAV Control has to get improved. Besides, mobile networks thanks to deployed infrastructure, enhanced coverage (RIS), C-V2X, accurate 3D positioning, power efficient TRX saving battery life, etc..are Key enablers for an industrial roll-out at scale of UAV Business.
- 37. TII – Technology Innovation Institute And many more Use cases/Verticals It’s critical to embrace many of the Key use cases from Vertical markets involved in the GHG Emissions and address those operational / pragmatic challenges. Some of them are starting only to be handled in terms of technology and business maturity thanks to M2M, then IoT/mMC… - Smart Grids - Smart Water - Smart Buildings - Logistics & Asset Management - Zero-Energy devices / Harvesting This can only be achieved through tight collaboration with Key Stakeholders in those vertical Markets, and collaborate with them. They must be more efficiently involved in standardization activities. Most of the time industry alliances are relevant and efficient complementary approaches.
- 38. tii.ae Greener Mobile Networks From Energy Efficiency to Zero-Net Energy… IEEE MeditCom 2022
- 39. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Mobile Network Consumption Power Consumption breakdown: 4G vs 5G Mobile Network Energy consumption per unit of data (watt/bit) is much less for 5G than 4G, but power consumption is much higher. In the 5G era, the maximum energy consumption of a 64T64R active antenna unit (AAU) will be an estimated 1 to 1.4 kW to 2 kW for a baseband unit (BBU). Even though Energy Efficiency increases with Cellular Network Generations, for transmitting more data with less power (Watt/bit), the overall Power consumption increases. We thus need to be very vigilant, and secure sufficient degrees of freedom to optimize the global network. RAN is still more than 50% of Energy consumption %
- 40. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Cellular sites: Energy saving 20% of sites carry 80% of traffic Energy Saving Features with AI Management reducing the power consumption when no data is needed to be transmitted and increase hardware efficiency Traffic prediction using Machine Learning (ML) for MIMO sleep ML/AI to predict 6G must keep on improving separation between “idle mode” and “active mode” functions, with Elastic approach Vs traffic/Workload.
- 41. TII – Technology Innovation Institute 41 AI for Sustainable Network Digital Science Research Center • Smart Green Operation • Predict traffic, user density, variation • Power down RAN element, cell zooming • Detect environment, weather on sensors • Adaptive cooling, rectifier, battery switch • Smart Green Protocol • On-demand beamforming, radiate pattern • Power control cross carriers, connections • Discontinuous transmission, reception • Dynamic clustered D2D communication BBU RRU RF Power On/Off On/Off FR1 FR2 Tim e Power Baseban d AP AP AP AP AP AP Fronthau l t traffic Traffic prediction Environment detection Adaptive power & coverage RAN & HW component On-demand beam pattern Dynamic transmission Dynamic connectivity Dynamic topology
- 42. TII – Technology Innovation Institute AI Accelerators & Processors The Race to Performance…Not only (anymore) Efficiency - New Architectures - New models needed - Simplification / trade-offs
- 43. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Paving the way to Digital Twin Digital Twin: stepping stone for building Networks with Precision
- 44. TII – Technology Innovation Institute 44 6G: Ubiquitous Native Sustainability Digital Science Research Center - RIS - IoT (AIoT) - Edge AI - Distributed AI - Energy Harvesting - Energy transfer - Native AI - Semantic Communication - “Elastic” Radio Resources depending on traffic
- 45. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): 1/3 Main Roll-out advantage applications 1. Spectrum Efficiency Improvement 2. Coverage Extension 3. Energy Efficiency Enhancement Standardization, as always is critical for successful Worldwide Market adoption, and thus cost efficiency.
- 46. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): 2/3 - Tip of iceberg Benefit whole E2E Network & use cases… RIS/LIS/HMIMOS all meta-material based, will disrupt the E2E Mobile Network dimensioning & roll-out, improving dramatically the cost efficiency together with the End User Experience. HMIMOS: Holographic MIMOs
- 47. TII – Technology Innovation Institute RIS Empowered Applications: 3/3 Beyond the hype, towards practical roll-outs… 2020 – NTT Docomo + AGC glass Manufacturer 5G signal @28GHz (FR2) Positioning: Joint Communication & Sensing
- 48. TII – Technology Innovation Institute 48 Network for Sustainable AI Digital Science Research Center • Distributed intelligence • Shift AI from cloud to network to reduce communication, computation, sensing • Energy saving from reduced training, inference, data and model transfer • Federated, split, multi-agent reinforcement learning coordinate for global optimization • Emergent communications • Communicate to learn emerging protocols to collaboratively perform targeted tasks • Reduce communication energy by extract and compress information with semantics • Reduce sensing and computation energy by scaling data and model for tasks 𝜔2 𝜔1 𝜔1 𝜃2 𝜃1 𝜃1 𝑠0 𝑠1 𝑠2 𝑠3 𝑠4 𝑠1 𝑠2 𝑠3 𝑠4 𝑠0 𝑠1 𝑠2 Reduce sensing Reduce transmission Reduce processing 𝜃0 𝜃1 𝜃2 𝜃3 𝜃4 𝜃5 Big Model Big Data 𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝜃0 𝑥0 𝜃1 𝑥1 𝜃2 𝑥2 𝜃3 𝑥3 𝜃3 𝑥3 𝜃4 𝑥4 𝜃4 𝑥4 Cloud / Edge Learning In-Network / On-Device Learning
- 49. TII – Technology Innovation Institute Thanks for your attention
- 50. tii.ae Let’s make a Difference for a Better World !! IEEE MeditCom 2022