用Tornado开发RESTful API运用
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The document discusses using the Tornado web framework to develop RESTful APIs. It provides examples of implementing RESTful APIs in Tornado, including handling HTTP verbs, returning JSON/JSONP responses, handling exceptions, scraping web pages to monitor server status, and notifying subscribers via push notifications when status changes. Other topics mentioned include internationalization, cron jobs, and related resources for Tornado and RESTful APIs.
![JSON & JSONP
class APIHandler(BaseHandler):
def finish(self, chunk=None, notification=None):
if chunk is None:
chunk = {}
if isinstance(chunk, dict):
chunk = {"meta": {"code": 200}, "response": chunk}
if notification:
chunk["notification"] = {"message": notification}
callback = escape.utf8(self.get_argument("callback", None))
if callback:
self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/x-javascript")
if isinstance(chunk, dict):
chunk = escape.json_encode(chunk)
self._write_buffer = [callback, "(", chunk, ")"] if chunk else []
super(APIHandler, self).finish()
else:
self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8")
super(APIHandler, self).finish(chunk)
12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tornadorestfulapi-121021214715-phpapp02/85/Tornado-RESTful-API-8-320.jpg)
![Exception
def write_error(self, status_code, **kwargs):
"""Override to implement custom error pages."""
debug = self.settings.get("debug", False)
try:
exc_info = kwargs.pop('exc_info')
e = exc_info[1]
if isinstance(e, exceptions.HTTPAPIError):
pass
elif isinstance(e, HTTPError):
e = exceptions.HTTPAPIError(e.status_code)
else:
e = exceptions.HTTPAPIError(500)
exception = "".join([ln for ln in traceback.format_exception(*exc_info)])
if status_code == 500 and not debug:
self._send_error_email(exception)
if debug:
e.response["exception"] = exception
self.clear()
self.set_status(200) # always return 200 OK for API errors
self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8")
self.finish(str(e))
except Exception:
logging.error(traceback.format_exc())
return super(APIHandler, self).write_error(status_code, **kwargs)
12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tornadorestfulapi-121021214715-phpapp02/85/Tornado-RESTful-API-9-320.jpg)
![Exception
class HTTPAPIError(HTTPError):
"""API error handling exception
API server always returns formatted JSON to client even there is
an internal server error.
"""
def __init__(self, status_code=400, error_detail="", error_type="",
notification="", response="", log_message=None, *args):
super(HTTPAPIError, self).__init__(int(status_code), log_message, *args)
self.error_type = error_type if error_type else
_error_types.get(self.status_code, "unknow_error")
self.error_detail = error_detail
self.notification = {"message": notification} if notification else {}
self.response = response if response else {}
def __str__(self):
err = {"meta": {"code": self.status_code, "errorType": self.error_type}}
self._set_err(err, ["notification", "response"])
if self.error_detail:
err["meta"]["errorDetail"] = self.error_detail
return escape.json_encode(err)
12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tornadorestfulapi-121021214715-phpapp02/85/Tornado-RESTful-API-10-320.jpg)
![⺴⽹网⻚页解析
def _parse_server_status(body):
status = {}
q = pq(etree.fromstring(body))
boxes = q(".box") # category box
for box in boxes:
box_q = pq(etree.fromstring(etree.tostring(box)))
category = box_q(".category")[0].text.strip()
status[category] = {}
servers = box_q(".server")
for server in servers:
server_q = pq(etree.fromstring(etree.tostring(server)))
server_name = server_q(".server-name")[0].text.strip().replace(" ", "")
if server_name:
status_icon = server_q(".status-icon")[0]
class_ = status_icon.get("class")
if class_:
st = 0
if "up" in class_:
st = 1
status[category][server_name] = st
return status
12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tornadorestfulapi-121021214715-phpapp02/85/Tornado-RESTful-API-16-320.jpg)
![@task
任务队列
def status_notification_task(changed_status):
status_notifciation(changed_status)
def status_notifciation(changed_status):
notifications = {}
for category, services in changed_status.iteritems():
for name, st in services.iteritems():
# just push notification about game server now
if name == "GameServer":
notifications[category] = st
for category, st in notifications.iteritems():
status = "Available" if st else "Unavailable"
offset = 0
limit = 200
while True:
subscribers = load_model("subscribers").get_subscribers(limit, offset)
if not subscribers:
break
for subscribe in subscribers:
if category in subscribe.categorys:
alert = _trans_alert("Diablo3 %s server status has changed to %s",
category, status, subscribe.locale)
apns_tasks.apns_push_task.delay(subscribe.token, {},
alert=alert, badge=1,
sound="default")
offset += len(subscribers)
12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tornadorestfulapi-121021214715-phpapp02/85/Tornado-RESTful-API-17-320.jpg)
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用Tornado开发RESTful API运用
- 1. ⽤用Tornado开发RESTful API运⽤用 ⻜飞⻰龙⾮非⻰龙 (http://feilong.me) 2012/10/20 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 2. 议程 • RESTful API简介 • ⽤用Tornado开发RESTful API应⽤用 • D3status demo APP 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 4. Service Resource Service API Clients 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 5. RESTful API OAuth HTTPS GET/POST App Platform JSON/JSONP 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 6. RESTful and HTTP Verbs Level 0 GET POST PUT DELETE PATCH Level 1 GET POST PUT DELETE PATCH Level 2 GET POST PUT DELETE PATCH 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 7. RESTful in Tornado class RequestHandler(object): """Subclass this class and define get() or post() to make a handler. If you want to support more methods than the standard GET/HEAD/POST, you should override the class variable SUPPORTED_METHODS in your RequestHandler class. """ SUPPORTED_METHODS = ("GET", "HEAD", "POST", "DELETE", "PATCH", "PUT", "OPTIONS") def head(self, *args, **kwargs): raise HTTPError(405) def get(self, *args, **kwargs): raise HTTPError(405) def post(self, *args, **kwargs): raise HTTPError(405) def delete(self, *args, **kwargs): raise HTTPError(405) def patch(self, *args, **kwargs): raise HTTPError(405) def put(self, *args, **kwargs): raise HTTPError(405) def options(self, *args, **kwargs): raise HTTPError(405) 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 8. JSON & JSONP class APIHandler(BaseHandler): def finish(self, chunk=None, notification=None): if chunk is None: chunk = {} if isinstance(chunk, dict): chunk = {"meta": {"code": 200}, "response": chunk} if notification: chunk["notification"] = {"message": notification} callback = escape.utf8(self.get_argument("callback", None)) if callback: self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/x-javascript") if isinstance(chunk, dict): chunk = escape.json_encode(chunk) self._write_buffer = [callback, "(", chunk, ")"] if chunk else [] super(APIHandler, self).finish() else: self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8") super(APIHandler, self).finish(chunk) 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 9. Exception def write_error(self, status_code, **kwargs): """Override to implement custom error pages.""" debug = self.settings.get("debug", False) try: exc_info = kwargs.pop('exc_info') e = exc_info[1] if isinstance(e, exceptions.HTTPAPIError): pass elif isinstance(e, HTTPError): e = exceptions.HTTPAPIError(e.status_code) else: e = exceptions.HTTPAPIError(500) exception = "".join([ln for ln in traceback.format_exception(*exc_info)]) if status_code == 500 and not debug: self._send_error_email(exception) if debug: e.response["exception"] = exception self.clear() self.set_status(200) # always return 200 OK for API errors self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8") self.finish(str(e)) except Exception: logging.error(traceback.format_exc()) return super(APIHandler, self).write_error(status_code, **kwargs) 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 10. Exception class HTTPAPIError(HTTPError): """API error handling exception API server always returns formatted JSON to client even there is an internal server error. """ def __init__(self, status_code=400, error_detail="", error_type="", notification="", response="", log_message=None, *args): super(HTTPAPIError, self).__init__(int(status_code), log_message, *args) self.error_type = error_type if error_type else _error_types.get(self.status_code, "unknow_error") self.error_detail = error_detail self.notification = {"message": notification} if notification else {} self.response = response if response else {} def __str__(self): err = {"meta": {"code": self.status_code, "errorType": self.error_type}} self._set_err(err, ["notification", "response"]) if self.error_detail: err["meta"]["errorDetail"] = self.error_detail return escape.json_encode(err) 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 11. 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 12. 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 13. 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 14. 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 15. ⺴⽹网⻚页抓取 def update_server_status(): url = options.d3_server_status_url req = HTTPRequest(url=url) client = HTTPClient() response = client.fetch(req) if response.code == 200: status = _parse_server_status(response.body) 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 16. ⺴⽹网⻚页解析 def _parse_server_status(body): status = {} q = pq(etree.fromstring(body)) boxes = q(".box") # category box for box in boxes: box_q = pq(etree.fromstring(etree.tostring(box))) category = box_q(".category")[0].text.strip() status[category] = {} servers = box_q(".server") for server in servers: server_q = pq(etree.fromstring(etree.tostring(server))) server_name = server_q(".server-name")[0].text.strip().replace(" ", "") if server_name: status_icon = server_q(".status-icon")[0] class_ = status_icon.get("class") if class_: st = 0 if "up" in class_: st = 1 status[category][server_name] = st return status 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 17. @task 任务队列 def status_notification_task(changed_status): status_notifciation(changed_status) def status_notifciation(changed_status): notifications = {} for category, services in changed_status.iteritems(): for name, st in services.iteritems(): # just push notification about game server now if name == "GameServer": notifications[category] = st for category, st in notifications.iteritems(): status = "Available" if st else "Unavailable" offset = 0 limit = 200 while True: subscribers = load_model("subscribers").get_subscribers(limit, offset) if not subscribers: break for subscribe in subscribers: if category in subscribe.categorys: alert = _trans_alert("Diablo3 %s server status has changed to %s", category, status, subscribe.locale) apns_tasks.apns_push_task.delay(subscribe.token, {}, alert=alert, badge=1, sound="default") offset += len(subscribers) 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 18. 其它 • Apple push notification • i18n • crontab 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 19. 相关资源 • https://github.com/felinx/d3status • http://www.tornadoweb.org • http://www.tornadoweb.cn • http://tornado.poweredsites.org • http://tornadogists.org • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Representational_state_transfer 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日
- 20. Q&A @⻜飞⻰龙⾮非⻰龙 http://feilong.me/ 12年10月14⽇日星期⽇日