Towards Future Internet: Web 3.0, Internet of Services & Internet of Things

1. Towards Future Internet: Web 3.0, Internet of Services & Internet of Things8 de Julio 2009, 11:30-13:30 Sala de Videoconferencias, ESIDEDr. Diego López de Ipiña (y algunos de mis doctorandos)[email protected]://paginaspersonales.deusto.es/dipina15.06.2009

2. AgendaFuture InternetMotivationDefinitionArchitecture: pillars and foundationInternet by and for PeopleInternet of Contents and KnowledgeInternet of ThingsInternet of ServicesResearch challenges

3. AgendaFuture WebWeb Evolution: Web 3.0Future BrowsersFutureSearchWeb as a PlatformClient-side: RIA, HTML 5.0Server-side: WOA, REST, Cloud Computing

4. AgendaSemantic WebSemantic WebLower-s Semantic WebSemantic Mash-ups

5. Why do we need a New Internet? (1)The current Internet, with over 1.5 billion users worldwide, is a great success in terms of connecting people and communities, BUT:It was designed in the 1970s for purposes quite unlike today's heterogeneous application needs and user expectationsThe current Internet has grown beyond its original expectations and beyond its original design objectives.Though the Internet infrastructure has evolved with changing applications, its underlying architecture has to date slowly evolvedThis underlying architecture was not created to function as a global critical infrastructure, and it has a number of fundamental limitations. Progressively reaches a set of fundamental technological limits and is impacted by operational limitations imposed by its architectureIt 'only just' works - whereas tomorrow's applications will attract more users to new applications needing greater mobility, security, wider bandwidth, reliability, and enhanced interactivity

6. Many partial solutions have been progressively developed and deployed to allow the Internet to cope with the increasing demand in terms of user connectivity and capacity.A growing consensus among the scientific and technical community that the methodology of continuously “patching” the Internet technology will not be able to sustain its continuing growth and cope with it at an acceptable cost and speedThe current Internet architecture is progressively reaching a saturation point in meeting increasing user's expectations and behaviors as well as progressively showing inability to efficiently respond to new technological challengesIn terms of security, scalability, mobility, availability, and manageability, but also socio-economical challenges.Why do we need a New Internet? (2)

7. What is the Future Internet?Buzzword which summarizes efforts to progress towards a better Internet, either through:Small, incremental evolutionary steps or Complete redesigns (clean slate) and architecture principlesKey players:Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI): http://www.geni.net/More based on networksAKARI project in Japan, http://akari-project.nict.go.jp/engFuture Internet – http://www.future-internet.eu/

8. Future Internet (FI) AimIt should offerall users a secure, efficient, trusted and reliable environment, that:Should allow open, dynamic and decentralized access to the network connectivity service and informationBe scalable, flexible and adapt its performance to the user needs and context.

9. Future Internet Vision

10. Future Internet Architecture

11. BlendDeclaration“A significant change is required and the European Internet scientific and economic actors, researchers, industrialists, SMEs, users, service and content providers, now assert the urgent necessity to redesign the Internet, taking a broad multidisciplinary approach, to meet Europe’s societal and commercial ambitions”http://www.future-internet.eu/fileadmin/documents/bled_documents/Bled_declaration.pdf

12. Future Internet in 7th FP

13. Pillars and Foundation of Future InternetThe 4 pillars of Future Internet rely on the Future Internet Networking Infrastructure foundation:Internet by and for PeopleInternet of Contents and KnowledgeInternet of ServicesInternet of Things

14. Pillars and Foundation of Future InternetAll elements of the Future Internet (foundation and pillars) need each other and are mutually dependentNew services and applications are prerequisite for investments in new infrastructure, since Infrastructure without necessary capabilities can not support new services and applicationsTechnology pullNew infrastructure technologies open new opportunities for new services and applicationsTechnology pushTherefore, cooperation between all stakeholders required for a successful Future Internet

15. Internet by and for PeopleA new concept of Internet fostering:User experience: development of new ergonomic user interfaces based on advanced multi-modal interaction models.Active users: new tools to allow final users to create and share personalised services (not only contents, but also applications). The emergence of prosumers: people/communities will be part of the creative flow of content and process, and not just consumers.Content and user awareness: content and service personalisation according to context and personal preferences.Knowledge of users: extract user information, monitoring their behaviour without hindering their privacyWeb 3.0, semantic technologies, knowledge exchange, processing and generation by machines are important in this area

16. Internet Contents and KnowledgeSome of the innovation areas are:New User Devices and Terminals: advanced multimedia devices with much functionality integrated, scalable, auto-configurable, open programming APIs and so on. Social media applications: software and tools to integrate multimedia contents oriented towards social relationships and communications. Digital media: tools opened to create contents by the very user and their distribution over increasing number of locations. Cognitive intelligence: web evolution to Web 3.0 will enable advanced multimedia search engines. Semantically tagged media: is the foundation by which applications not only provide information but also intelligently process information.

17. Internet of ThingsA world-wide network of uniquely addressable and interconnected objects, based on standard communication protocols.IoT will exhibit a much higher level of heterogeneity, as objects totally different in terms of functionality, technology and application fields will belong to the same communication environment.Novel protocolsbased on the semantic of the language must be developed, if the IoThas to scale to the zillions of objects around usThecombination of RFID and sensors enables a cost-effective and robust system of item identification and context awareness, changing the current Internet usage completely from a request-and retrieve to a push-and-process paradigm.

18. Internet of ThingsSome issues that will have to be addressed are:Sensor networks will require capacity to process big amounts of information coming from “connected things” and so offer more useful services. Ethicaland societal dimension: maintain the balance among personalisation, privacy and security.15.06.2009

19. Application Evolution of RFIDPervasive computing

20. Wearable computing

21. Smart dust

22. Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication

23. Situation / Localization based services

24. Signaling of use-by date

25. Automatic re-order process and pricing

26. Alert for health risk

27. Advanced announcement of delivery goods

28. Temperature monitoring of food

29. Tire pressure

30. Indoor location sensing

31. Optical inventory tags with photo sensors

32. Seamless real-time material and process control

33. Documentation of total product life-cycles

34. Permanent inventoryComplexity / ValueReal-time localization on item level

35. Protection of trademarks

36. Terrorism combat

37. Event management (VIP, Ticketing)

38. Intelligent clothesInteracting ObjectsActing ObjectsSensing ObjectsData ObjectsePC* ObjectstimeSources: Siemens CT / STA / CD S, Mitsubishi Electric Research* electronic Product Code

39. Is IoT already a market opportunity?Arduino, tiki tag, nabaztag, chumby

40. Internet of ServicesA multitude of connected IT services, which are offered, bought, sold, used, repurposed, and composed by a worldwide network of service providers, consumers, aggregators, and brokers- resulting in -a new way of offering, using, and organising IT supported functionalityAdapted from SAP Research, 2008, and SEEKDA, 2008Number of Web services found by SEEKDA crawler during the past 25 months

41. Internet of ServicesUmbrella term to describe several interacting phenomena that will shape the future of how services are provided and operated on the Internethttp://services.future-internet.eu/index.php/Main_PageThree major domains of development are:Internet-scale service oriented computing – a service-oriented Internet should allow access to complex physical computing resources, data or software functionality in the form of servicesContextualized, proactive, and personalized access to services:Context-awareness – interaction personalized to contextSeamless multi-modal interactionEnd-user empowerment– it will be more easy for users to design their own orchestration of services as well as to configure their own service front-end web access to services by means of self-servicing and mashing up service front-end resources published in catalogues/stores available on theInternetCollaborative – prosumers, taggingService orchestration and the rise of core services – several layers of services, from fundamental infrastructure services – like those provided by clouds to specific, data-, information-, application-like and user interfacing services.

42. Internet of Services Architecture

43. Internet of ServicesSome interesting application areas of Internet of ServicesCloud computing: service virtualization and resource optimization both in processing and storage capacity Green IT: energy consumption optimization (efficiency).Open service platforms: service modularization so that end-users can easily integrate themAutonomic computing: self-managing systems

44. Virtualised Infrastructurese.g. Cloud Computing An emerging computing paradigm where data and services reside in massively scalable data centers and can be ubiquitously accessed from any connected device over the Internet1Merrill Lynch: Cloud computing market opportunity by 2011 =$95bn in business and productivity apps +$65bn in online advertising = $160bn(1) Source: IBM

45. Infrastructure FoundationNetwork infrastructure supports the pillars and sustains the resulting capacity and performance requirements that Future Internet will provideThe main drivers here are the use of the Internet as a common infrastructure for interconnecting more than computing machines e.g. sensor networks, mobile devices, wearables, M2M, RFID and so on .

46. Evolutionary / Revolutionary (Clean-Slate) ApproachesTwo approaches to address challenges of Future Internet:Evolutionary– builds on the evolution of the current existing Internet to conceive pragmatic and viable solutions for commercial rolloutRevolutionary– starts from a clean slate to eliminate legacy Internet design constraintsThere is a need to separate clean slate research from clean slate deploymentClean-state research results are expected to feed the evolution of the InternetBoth approaches target the same usage vision and will have to be synchronized

47. Key Generic ChallengesRouting and addressing scalability and dynamicsResource (forwarding, processing, and storage) and data/traffic manageability and diagnosabilitySecurity, privacy, trust, and accountabilityAvailability, ubiquity, and simplicityAdaptability and evolvabilityto heterogeneous environments, content, context/situation, and application needs (vehicular, ambient/domestic, industrial, etc.)Operating system, application and host mobility /nomadicityEnergeticand economicsustainabilityConflicting interests and dissimilar utilitySearchability/localisation, selection, composition, and adaptationBeyond digital communication: semantic (intelligibility of things and content, language, etc.), haptic, emotion, etc

48. Key Technological ChallengesInternet by and for People: accommodate anticipated and unanticipated people and community expectations together with their continuous empowerment, cultural acumen, and self-arbitration (by recognizing that access and use of information as well as associated processing means are common non-discriminatory universal rights).Internet of Contents and Knowledge: access by advanced search means and interact with multimedia content (e.g. 3D and virtual reality) that can be created, and manipulated by professionals and non-professionals and be distributed and shared everywhere on any terminal per needs.Internet of Things: context-aware autonomic objects able to generate automatic code and human-controlled behaviors, exploiting peer-to-peer bio-inspired communication models.Internet of Services: service "consumers" look for the perfect interactivity in context. With “perfect” we mean here permanent (i.e. interactivity that has no time limits), direct (i.e. the service consumer is only concentrated on the benefits of the service he/she is using), seamless (i.e. the interaction is performed using the “typical” devices of the context), and confident .

49. Network Foundation ChallengesAs a result of the Internet growth and the increasing communication requirements, many patch solutions have been progressively developed and deployed to enable the Internet to cope with the increasing demand in terms of user connectivity and capacity. The current methodology of “patching” the Internet technology will not be able to sustain its continuing growth and cope with it at an acceptable cost and speed.Security, privacy and trustAccountabilityManageability and DiagnosabilityAvailability (maintainability and reliability)ScalabilityMobilityHeterogeneity (devices, environments, applications)

50. Internet by and for People ChallengesIncrease the knowledge of the user, learning their habits and needs to better design future applications, interfaces and servicesKnowledge of users: services and the web should be adaptable by and accustomed for the user. Content and user awareness. This area is focused on recommendation systems, particularly for mobile web and localized servicesActive users. There are evidences that the tendency towards more and better “free services” will be growing over time. Also, the evolution of users towards “prosumers”, result in fundamental re-definition of content creationUser experience: new ergonomic interfaces and advanced interaction mechanisms including multimodality& semantic combination and adaptation of information from different sources

51. Internet of Contents and Knowledge Challenges Relates to the generation and processing of content and the transformation of that content into useful information. It also includes the aspects regarding the user and its characterization and relationships between user and content:Digital Content – ‘Content’ refers to the ‘understandable information made available to a user at any stage of the value chain’, including both the ‘essence’ – the data – as well as the metadata that describes the essence and allows it to be searched, routed, processed, selected, and consumed.Distributed Media Applications – prosumerswill play a leading role and allow for an automated selection without need to care anymore how recipients are going to access the produced content.New User Devices and Terminals - Users should be able to access services wherever they are, whatever terminal they are using, with seamless handover as they change from one terminal to another.

52. Internet of Things Challenges Handle the large amount of information coming from the things and to combine it to give useful services. The current network structure is not suited for this exponential traffic growth, there is a need by all the actors to re-think current networking and storage architectures. Imperative to find novel ways and mechanisms to find, fetch, and transmit data.Distributed, loosely coupled, ad-hoc peer-to-peer architectures connecting smart devices might represent the network of the future. Some specific challenges:Discoveryof sensor data — in time and spaceCommunication of sensor data: Complex Queries (synchronous), Publish/Subscribe (asynchronous)Processingof great variety of sensor data streamsIn-network processing of sensor data: correlation, aggregation, filtering

53. Internet of Services Challenges Allow access to services based on technical characteristics such as IP-location or web service identifiers but also based on contextual information (e.g. using geographical context or business context). Servicescan be searched, identified and composed into business process components.Service consumers look for the “Perfect interactivity”:Permanent(i.e. an interactivity that has no time limits)Transparent(i.e. the service consumer is only concentrated on the benefits of the service he/she is using)Seamless (i.e., supporting mobility of users across different devices without interruption), Context-aware(i.e. the interaction gets adapted to context in its widest sense, including characteristics of devices, location, user preferences or social networks the user belong to), Empowering(i.e., users are enable to self-configure the way they want to get access to services) and Trustworthy(i.e., users feel confident that their interaction with services is safe)Broad range of emerging applications: Cloud computing (SLA, billing), open service platforms, autonomic computing, green IT

54. Functional Properties of FIAccountabilitySecurityPrivacyAvailability (maintainabilityand reliability)Manageability, and diagnosability(root cause detection and analysis)Mobility, and nomadityAccessibilityOpenness Transparency (the end-user/application is only concerned with the end-to-end service, in the current Internet this service is the connectivity)Neutrality

55. Architectural Properties of FIDistributed, automated, and autonomy (organic deployment)Scalability (e.g. routing scalability -> log(n) where n is the number of nodes and computational scalability i.e. to allow support of any business size)Resiliency and survivabilityRobustness/stabilityGenericity(e.g. support multiple traffic (streams, messages, etc.), independent of infrastructure partitioning/divisions, device/system independent)Flexibility (e.g. support multiple socio-economic models, and operational models)SimplicityEvolvability: evolutionability and extendabilityHeterogeneity (e.g. wirelineand wireless access technologies,)Carbon neutrality

56. 7FP Projects Addressing FI ChallengesDetailed listing of current ongoing projects on the Future Internet topic:http://www.future-internet.eu/activities/fp7-projects.html

57. Future WebSemantic Web:

58. Machines have started to understand the content they've been hosting and can now obtain information from the semantic of the documents.

59. Technologies: XML, RDF, SPARQL, OWL, µFormats...

60. Ubiquitous Web:

61. Provides a framework for exposing device coordination capabilities to Web applications.

62. Seeks to broaden the capabilities of browsers to enable new kinds of web applications, particularly those involving coordination with other devices.

63. Connecting a camera phone to a nearby printer, using a mobile phone to give a business presentation with a wireless projector ...

64. Web 3.0 and beyond!Web Evolution

65. Web EvolutionAccording Nova Spivack, the development of the Web moves in 10-year cycles:In the Web's first decade, most of the development focused on the back end, or infrastructure, of the Web. Programmers created the protocols and code languages we use to make Web pages. In the second decade, focus shifted to the front end and the era of Web 2.0 began. Now people use Web pages as platforms for other applications. They also create mashups and experiment with ways to make Web experiences more interactive. We're at the end of the Web 2.0 cycle now. The next cycle will be Web 3.0, and the focus will shift back to the back end. Programmers will refine the Internet's infrastructure to support the advanced capabilities of Web 3.0 browsers. Once that phase ends, we'll enter the era of Web 4.0. Focus will return to the front end, and we'll see thousands of new programs that use Web 3.0 as a foundationSource: http://www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=web-30.htm&url=http://www.intentblog.com/archives/2007/02/nova_spivack_th.html

66. Web 3.0"People keep asking what Web 3.0 is. I think maybe when you've got an overlay of scalable vector graphics - everything rippling and folding and looking misty - on Web 2.0 and access to a semantic Web integrated across a huge space of data, you'll have access to an unbelievable data resource."Tim Berners-Lee, 2006"Web 3.0, a phrase coined by John Markoff of the New York Times in 2006, refers to a supposed third generation of Internet-based services that collectively comprise what might be called "the intelligent Web" -- such as those using semantic web, microformats, natural language search, data-mining, machine learning, recommendation agents, and artificial intelligence technologies - which emphasize machine-facilitated understanding of information in order to provide a more productive and intuitive user experience.“http://www.intentblog.com/archives/2007/02/nova_spivack_th.html

67. Web 3.0Web 3.0 is a mixture of different technologies that change, in a very impressive way, how users interact with the web and how the web interacts with the physical world.Semantic Web

68. Ubiquitous Web

69. 3D Interfaces

70. Artificial Intelligence

71. …Web 3.0: Convergence of TrendsUbiquitous Connectivity Broadband adoption Mobile Internet access Mobile devices Network ComputingSoftware-as-a-service business models Web services interoperability Distributed computing (P2P, grid computing, hosted "cloud computing" server farms such as Amazon S3) Open TechnologiesOpen API's and protocols Open data formats Open-source software platforms Open data (Creative Commons, Open Data License, etc.)

72. Web 3.0: Convergence of TrendsOpen IdentityOpen identity (OpenID) Open reputation Portable identity and personal data (for example, the ability to port your user account and search history from one service to another) The Intelligent WebSemantic Web technologies (RDF, OWL, SWRL, SPARQL, Semantic application platforms, and statement-based datastores such as triplestores, tuplestores and associative databases) Distributed databases -- "The World Wide Database" (wide-area distributed database interoperability enabled by Semantic Web technologies) Intelligent applications (natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning, autonomous agents)

73. Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0 vs. Web 3.0Think of Web 1.0 as a library. You can use it as a source of information, but you can't contribute to or change the information in any way.

74. Web 2.0 is more like a big group of friends and acquaintances, uses the Internet to make connections between people. It is the input/output web. Web 3.0 will use the Internet to make connections with information. It will make the web more intelligentPlug in your tastes and habits!

75. Web 3.0 FeaturesWeb 3.0 is going to be like having a personal assistant who knows practically everything about you and can access all the information on the Internet to answer any questionWeb 3.0 will provide users with richer and more relevant experiencesWith Web 3.0, every user will have a unique Internet profile based on that user's browsing history.Web 3.0 will use this profile to tailor the browsing experience to each individual. That means that if two different people each performed an Internet search with the same keywords using the same service, they'd receive different results determined by their individual profiles and contextThe foundation for Web 3.0 will be application programming interfaces (APIs).Creating mashups will be so easy in Web 3.0 that anyone will be able to do it.Web 3.0 will let users combine widgets together to make mashups by just clicking and dragging a couple of icons into a box on a Web page.

76. Semantic Approach to Web 3.0Some experts think that Web 3.0 will start fresh. Instead of using HTML as the basic coding language, it will rely on some new language.With the Semantic Web, computers will scan and interpret information on Web pages using software agents. These software agents will be programs that crawl through the Web, searching for relevant information. They'll be able to do that because the Semantic Web will have collections of information called ontologies. An ontology is a file that defines the relationships among a group of terms. For example, the term "cousin" refers to the familial relationship between two people who share one set of grandparents

77. Web Browser EvolutionTraditionally Web browsers have run on desktop computers connected to the Internet via LANs or modems

78. Mobiles have evolved to support data services and now include small web browsers

79. Markup (HTML) and scripting (JavaScript) doesn't have to be used only for accessing the World Wide Web

80. It can now be used for user interfaces for many kinds of local and remote capabilities, cutting development costs over traditional approaches to application development

81. "Browsers" are now a generic user interface component

82. Increasing variety of devices being connected to networks, not just desktops and mobile phones

83. Web applications need to encompass a much wider range of devices

84. A more powerful framework for Web applications would enable the removal of current Internet walls

85. Browser as a global interaction enablerFuture BrowsersWhat will be the role of browsers in the Future?How will future browsers interact with sites and applications? Will we even have browsers or will everyone use browser-like single-purpose applications to access different areas of the Web?Mozilla, Opera and others are working toward a world in which the browser is the operating system—call it the browser as OS or the cloud OS. All of your applications, documents, files and services are accessed from a Web interface and behave the same no matter what the underlying operating system (Windows, Linux, Android—whatever).

86. Future Browser FeaturesThey will be web application players:Application cacheOffline/online operation LocalserverStorageThreadingIntegration with desktop

87. The Browser as an Information BrokerNew role for Web Browsers:Detecting information in Web pages and handing that information off to other applicationsFrom HTML renderer to being an information broker. Microformat detection should be designed as a completely open and extensible platform. Contact management, calendaring, and mapping applications use browser API to integrate with browser’s microformat detection system.

88. Mozilla Labs PrismPrism is an application that lets users split web applications out of their browser and run them directly on their desktop.

89. Prism isn’t a new platform, it’s simply the web platform integrated into the desktop experience. Prism lets users add their favorite web apps to their desktop environmentWhen invoked, these applications run in their own window:Increase the capabilities of those apps by adding functionality to the Web itself, such as providing support for offline data storage and access to 3D graphics hardware.http://labs.mozilla.com/2007/10/prism/

90. Mozilla UbiquityAn experiment in connecting the web with language With Ubiquity installed, you'll be able to tell Firefox what you want it to do by typing commands into a new Ubiquity input box. Ubiquity comes with a set of commands that make common Web tasks faster and easier. Allows you to create user generated mash-upsIssue commands directly or previously selecting text pieces:Ctrl+Space displays command windowwiki deusto searches for Deusto in Wikipediatranslate (text) (from language) (to language) map [location | selected text]command-list  enables you to request help from all the commands

91. Mozilla Ubiquity15.06.2009

92. Google GearsGears, is a software which allows the development of more powerful applications, adding the following features to a browser:A database module, based on SQLite, which allows storing data in the browserA multithreading library (WorkerPool) which allows the execution in parallel of JavaScript codeA module named LocalServer which caches previously obtained resources from a web server (HTML, JavaScript, images, etc).A desktop module which allows applications to interact with the local machineA geolocation module which allows web applications to detect the geographical location of their usershttp://gears.google.com/http://code.google.com/intl/es-ES/apis/gears/sample.html

93. Rich Internet Applications (RIA)A current industry trend is improving the end-user experience while consuming SOA servicesThis has given place to the so-called rich internet applications (RIA)They combine the responsiveness and interactivity of desktop applications with the wide scope and ease of deployment of web applications

94. RIA FeaturesThey are web applications with a similar functionality to the traditional desktop-based applicationsThey are client applications which maintain state and are decoupled from the service layer in the back-endRIA apps require the following execution environment:They are executed in a web browser, they do not require instalationThey are executed in a secure environment denominated sandboxAdvantages:They allow users to find information more easilyThey allow completing tasks more rapidly and in a precise mannerThey generate rich data visualizations to help in the decision making process

95. Taxonomy of RIA ApplicationsThe declarative model of the new RIA tools — and Flex, Laszlo, XUL, and XAML-based platforms in particular — is an amazing advance that changes the model for developing software from a "how" model to a "what" model.3 types:Client-based – applications based on a client desktopPlayer-based – applications based on an extension of the playerBrowser-based – applications using JavaScript frameworkDiapositiva 58Ingeniería del Software III – Clientes ricos

96. New Generation of Web AppsThe next-gen web is starting to gather pace thanks to technologies like AIR, Silverlight, JavaFX, Gears, XUL, Web Applications 1.0 (HTML 5.0)Allow developers to accelerate beyond AJAX and towards a new generation of web applications with better performance, more functionality and tighter desktop integration“DLL hell” has been superseded by “plug-in hell”There is an opportunity/need to not repeat the mistakes of the past and instead take a standards-based approachhttp://www.techcrunch.com/2008/05/29/the-next-gen-web-browser-storage-support/

97. HTML 5.0Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) was formed in 2004 to extend HTML with other standards such as XformsHTML 5.0 specification (www.w3.org/html/wg/html5):“The main area that has not been adequately addressed by HTML is Web Applications. This specification attempts to rectify this, while at the same time updating the HTML specs to address issues raised in the past few years”HTML 5 aims to become a game-changer in Web application development, one that might even make obsolete such plug-in-based rich Internet application (RIA) technologiesHTML 5 provides a number of new elements and attributes that reflect typical usage on modern Web sites.Some of them are semantic replacements for common uses of generic block (<div>) and inline (<span>) elements, for example <nav> (website navigation block) and <footer>. Other elements provide new functionality through a standardized interface, such as the <audio> and <video> elementsSome deprecated elements from HTML 4.01 have been dropped, including purely presentational elements such as <font> and <center>, whose effects are achieved using CSS. There is also a renewed emphasis on the importance of DOM scripting in Web behavior.

98. HTML 5.0 FeaturesHTML 5.0 introduces new document structure elements such as header, nav, article, section, aside, and footer.Aside – offers support for sidebarsDatagridDialogFigureWeb Forms 2.0The real power of HTML 5 will be in its new APIs forauthoring of Web-based applications :WebSocket interface will enable to create bidirectional TCP/IP sockets between the application and the serverRemote-Events service allows servers to send document-objet-model (DOM) events to applicationsNotitication service lets the server notify the user of new events, such as newly arrived emailNew local storage API will make it possible for user agents to store and retrieve much more information that can be created as simple name-value pairs as in cookies. HTML 5.0 includes explicit support for offline execution of Web applications: application cache and application cache manifest (what the server needs to the user agent cache)New multimedia features such as 2D Graphics and audio/video control APIsWebworker and geolocation specifications

99. HTML 5.0 DeploymentIt will probably be years before we encounter support for HTML 5.0 in browsersIn the mean time:Opera and Webkit are actively involved implementing parts of HTML 5.0Google Gears (http://code.google.com/apis/gears) adds new features reminiscent of HTML 5 to your Web browser:APIs for geolocationClient-side storagesOffline operationWeb workersThere are clear similarities between Gears and HTML 5.0Fortunately, Google engineers are active contributors of related W3C specifications. The combination of HTML and JavaScript is becoming an increasingly powerful application platform, in fact, it is becoming the “web application platform” for the front-end

100. Mobile RIAAdobe FlashLiteMicrosoft Silverlight with WPF for mobilesMobile AjaxGears: open Source, published by Google for Windows Mobile and AndroidNokia Web Run Time: based on widgets to access info from Internet, bind it to user data kept in mobile and show only things related to their context

101. Mobile RIAiPhone’s success and Android’s interest have created new interest on application platforms for mobile phonesMobile web browsers are getting really good:Nokia, Apple, Opera and Microsoft best mobile web browsers can handle any contentOver the years, Web 2.0 technologies such as XMLHttpRequest or Falsh have created powerful web-based applicationsNow it is time to take advantage of this apps on smart phonesWebkit (http://webkit.org), Opera, Mozilla and Internet Explorer provide support for high-performance JavaScript execution.

102. Future of SearchingLately, some very interesting search-engine-like services have emerged: Wolfram|AlphaMicrosoft Bing and Google Squared

103. Wolfram|AlphaIt’s a computational knowledge engine: it generates output by doing computations from its own internal knowledge base, instead of searching the web and returning links.Attempt to gather facts, formulas, and natural language processing algorithms, encode them all in the language of MathematicaThe results come back as graphs, maps, simple facts, and tablesSo what is Wolfram|Alpha good for? Fact and computations about facts. The service already knows a lot about the world: Geography, economics and socioeconomic data, physics, chemistry, engineering, sports, units of measurement, weather, and even music. Differences with Search Engines:All of the facts, formulas and relationships between data points are curatedby real humansWolfram|Alphatries to determine the real meaning of the question being asked. Natural language parsers attempt to determine the domain(s) of the question, and that becomes part of the computation for the answer.

104. Wolfram|Alpha

105. Microsoft BingBing is a replacement for Live Search. Microsoft’snew searchengine, makes an extra effort to help searchers with some targeted topics: shopping, travel, local business and information, and health-related research as areas in which people wanted more assistance in making key decisionsSome tweaks over the competition:Listing of search suggestions in real-timeList of search refinements along the left sideThe left-side bar also shows suggested “related searches” The interface also has other usability improvements — thumbnails of videos will start playing when you mouse over them, the image search results employ “infinite scrolling”

106. Microsoft Bing

107. Google Squared“Squared” refers to its ability construct a table of facts from two search terms, similar in result to a spreadsheet.On one axis you can put a general search term — say “roller coasters” and across the other axis add headings that describe the facts you want to know about the search term — such as height and speed. The result is a two dimensional table of results.In contrasted with Wolfram|Alpha, though — where all of the information is specifically curated to link up to each other — the facts in Google Squared are collected from the web

108. Using Google Squared

109. Web as a Platform: Client-sideTechnologies such as AIR, XUL, BrowserPlus or Gears share the worthy aim of allowing “a new generation of web applications with better performance, more functionality and tighter desktop integrationXUL, Flex, Silverlight allow you to create advanced RIA appsAir essentially brings the browser offlineBrowserPlus runs outside of the browser to make your desktop an extension of the webGears runs inside the browser, making Firefox even more unstable, but does make my web browsing fasterSome of the code behind these efforts will be opened up to the community and turn standardIn the meantime, “gracefuldegradation”http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/2005-09-01/

110. Web as a Platform: Server-sideSOA: ServiceOrientedArquitectureDefine la utilización de servicios para dar soporte a los requisitos del negocio

111. Sistemas altamente escalables, estándar de exposición e invocación de servicios (comúnmente pero no exclusivamente servicios web), lo cual facilita la interacción entre diferentes sistemas propios o de terceros.

112. Capas:

113. Aplicaciones básicas

114. De exposición de funcionalidades

115. De integración de servicios

116. De composición de procesos

117. De entrega

118. Éxito de SOA depende de que los desarrolladores de software se orienten a esta mentalidad de crear servicios comunes que son orquestados por clientes o middleware para implementar los procesos de negocio

119. Hablar de SOA significa generalmente hablar de un juego de servicios residentes en Internet o una intranet, usando servicios web (XML, HTTP, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI)WOA: WebOrientedArquitectureArquitectura de software que extiende SOA a aplicaciones basadas en web

120. La información se representa en forma de recursos en la red y es accedida y manipulada mediante el protocolo especificado en la URI.

121. Los recursos se manipulan mediante variables HTTP (GET, PUT, POST, DELETE) usando la técnica REST.

122. Estos recursos solo son manipulados por componentes pertenecientes a la red (esencialmente browsers & web servers).

123. El acceso a los recursos no debe requerir más que un conocimiento local de la red.

124. Es responsabilidad de los componentes entender la representación y estados de transición válidos de los recursos.

125. Los recursos tienen embebidas URIs que construyen una red más grande de recursos (i.e. recursos de pedidos contienen URIs a recuros de inventario)Web as a Platform: Server-sideSOAP: Simple Object Access ProtocolDefine como dos objetos en diferentes procesos pueden comunicarse por medio de intercambio de datos XML.

126. Deriva de un protocolo creado por David Winer en 1998, llamado XML-RPC.

127. Fue creado por Microsoft, IBM, y otros y actualmente se encuentra bajo el auspicio de la W3C.

128. Su arquitectura consiste en varias capas de especificaciones para formato de mensajes:

129. Message Exchange Patterns (MEP)

130. Protocolos de transporte (SMTP y HTTP/S)

131. Modelos de procesado de mensajes

132. Protocolo de extensibilidadREST: RepresantionalState TransferEstilo de arquitectura software para sistema de hypermedia distribuidos como la WWW.

133. Introducido en la Tésis doctoral de Roy Fielding en el año 2000.

134. Se refiere a una colección de principios de arquitectura de red, que marcan como definir e invocar los recursos.

135. El término se usa a veces para describir una simple interfaz que transmite datos de un dominio específico por HTTP sin capas adicionales como SOAP o uso de cookies.

136. Estas dos características pueden chocar o solaparse.

137. Los sistemas que cumplen los principios marcados por Fielding suelen ser referidos como sistemas RESTful.SOAP vs. REST

138. Mobile ServersA current trend is to have mobile applications serving applications:Nokia Mobile Web ServerPorts apache httpd and mod_python to Nokia S60Gateway to prevent problems from firewallshttp://mymobilesite.net/

139. Cloud Computing is …… virtualized compute power and storage delivered via platform-agnostic infrastructures of abstracted hardware and software accessed over the Internet. These shared, on-demand IT resources, are created and disposed of efficiently, are dynamically scalable through a variety of programmatic interfaces and are billed variably based on measurable usage.

140. Forrester Research“A pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and managed compute infrastructure capable of hosting end-customer applications and billed by consumption1”1- “Is Cloud Computing Ready for The Enterprise?” Forrester Research, Inc.

141. Forrester Research (cont’d)Different than SaaS (Software as a Service)Prescripted & Abstracted InfrastructureFully VirtualizedDynamic Infrastructure SoftwarePay by ConsumptionFree of Long-Term ContractsApplication and OS IndependentFree of Software or Hardware Installation“Cloud computing has all the earmarks of being a potential disruptive innovation that all infrastructure and operations professionals should heed.”

142. The “Cloud” = 10X ImprovementEase of Use: Do it yourself remotely from anywhere anytimeScalability: control your infrastructure with your appRisk: nothing to buy, cancel immediately Reliability: Based on enterprise grade hardwareCost: pay for only what you use

143. Evolution Towards Cloud ComputingCluster computing and supercomputing coexistence and limitations gave place to grid computing

144. From grid computing we progressed towards utility computing, i.e. Packetize computation services such as light, water, and so on.

145. This derived into Cloud Computing, divided into:

146. Plataform as Service

147. Software as Service

148. Infraestructure as ServiceMultiple Graphic Descriptions of the “Cloud”

149. Multiple Graphic Descriptions of the “Cloud”

150. Cloud FeaturesDeployment TypesDelivery ModelsPrivate cloud Enterprise owned or leased e.g., in case of data centers, HPC centers,…Community cloudShared infrastructure for specific community Public cloudSold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure e.g., ec2, S3,…Hybrid cloudComposition of two or more cloudsCloud Software as a Service (SaaS) Use provider’s applications over a network e.g., Salesforce.com,…Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud e.g., Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, … Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)Rent processing, storage, network capacity, and other fundamental computing resources e.g., EC2 – Elastic Computer Cloud, S3 – Simple Storage Service, Simple DB,… Source: ”Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm”Peter Mell, Tim Gran8484ceNIST, Information Technology Laboratory

151. Delivery Models

152. Cloud Computing vs. Traditional Data Centres

153. Cloud Computing Components

154. The Cloud’s “Snowball Effect”Maturation of Virtualization TechnologyVirtualization enables Compute CloudsCompute Clouds create demand for Storage CloudsStorage + Compute Clouds create Cloud InfrastructureCloud Infrastructure enables Cloud Platforms & ApplicationsMultiple Cloud types lead to Cloud AggregatorsNiche requirements enable Cloud Extenders

155. SaaS: Software as a ServiceSoftware delivery model:Increasingly popular with SMEsNo hardware or software to manageService delivered through a browserAdvantages:Pay per useInstant ScalabilitySecurityReliabilityAPIsExamples: CRM, Financial Planning, Human Resources, Word processingCommercial Services: Salesforce.com, emailcloudSaaS

156. PaaS: Platform as a ServicePlatform delivery model:Platforms are built upon Infrastructure, which is expensiveEstimating demand is not a science!Platform management is not fun!Advantages:Pay per useInstant ScalabilitySecurityReliabilityAPIsExamples: Google App Engine, Mosso, AWS: S3Popular Services: Storage, Database, ScalabilityPaaS

157. IaaS: Infrastructure as a ServiceComputer infrastructure delivery model:Access to infrastructure stack:Full OS accessFirewallsRoutersLoad balancingAdvantages:Pay per useInstant ScalabilitySecurityReliabilityAPIsExamples: Flexiscale, AWS: EC2IaaS

158. Cloud “Applications”SaaS resides hereMost common Cloud / Many providers of different servicesExamples: SalesForce, Gmail, Yahoo! Mail, Quicken OnlineAdvantages: Free, Easy, Consumer AdoptionDisadvantages: Limited functionality, no control or access to underlying technology

159. Cloud “Platforms”“Containers”“Closed” environmentsExamples: Google App Engine, Heroku, Mosso, Engine Yard, Joyent or Force.com (SalesForce Dev Platform)Advantages: Good for developers, more control than “Application” Clouds, tightly configuredDisadvantages: Restricted to what is available, other dependencies

161. Cloud “Infrastructure”Provide “Compute” and “Storage” cloudsVirtualization layers (hardware/software)Examples: Amazon EC2, GoGrid, Amazon S3, Nirvanix, LinodeAdvantages: Full control of environments and infrastructureDisadvantages: premium price point, limited competition

162. Cloud “Extenders” (Wild Card)Provides extension to Cloud Infrastructure and Platforms with basic functionalityExamples: Amazon SimpleDB, Amazon SQS, Google BigTableAdvantages: Extends functionality of Compute & Storage Clouds to integrate with legacy system or other cloudsDisadvantages: Sometimes requires use of specific Platforms or Infrastructure

163. Cloud “Aggregators” (Wild Card)Sits on top of various Cloud Infrastructures for managementExamples: RightScale, AppistryAdvantages: Provides more options for Cloud environmentsDisadvantages: Dependent on Cloud Providers

164. Existing Platforms

165. Which one to use?

166. Web SemánticaProblema de la Web Actual:El significado de la web no es accesible a máquinasWeb Semántica crea un medio universal de intercambio de información, aportando semántica a los documentos en la web Añade significado comprensible por ordenadores a la WebUsa técnicas inteligentes que explotan esa semánticaLiderada por Tim Berners-Lee del W3CMission: turning existing web content into machine-readable content

167. Semantic Web StackLa Web Semántica está compuesta de:XML, sintaxis para documentos estructuradosXML Schema, restringe la estructura de documentos XMLRDF es un modelo de datos que hace referencia a objetos y sus relacionesRDF Schema, vocabulario para definir propiedades y clases de recursos RDF OWL, añade más vocabulario que RDFS, relaciones entre clases, cardinalidad, igualdad …

168. RDF Resource, Property, and Property ValueRDF identifies things using Web identifiers (URIs), and describes resources with properties and property values.Explanation of Resource, Property, and Property value:A Resource is anything that can have a URI, such as "http://www.w3schools.com/RDF" A Property is a Resource that has a name, such as "author" or "homepage" A Property value is the value of a Property, such as "Jan EgilRefsnes" or "http://www.w3schools.com" (note that a property value can be another resource)

169. Resource Description Framework (RDF)Un grafo RDF crea una web de conceptosRealiza aserciones sobre relaciones lógicas entre entidadesInformación en RDF puede ligarse con grafos en otros lugaresMediante software se pueden realizar inferenciasLenguajes de consulta sobre triple stores como SPARQLMediante RDF hacemos que la información sea procesable por máquinasAgentes software pueden guardar, intercambiar y utilizar metadatos sobre recursos en la webOntología jerarquía de términos a utilizar en etiquetado de recursos

170. Example RDFFormato RDF/XML:1: <rdf:RDFxmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"2: xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" 3: xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos/"4: xmlns:edu="http://www.example.org/">5: <rdf:Descriptionrdf:about="http://www.deusto.es">6: <geo:lat>43.270737</geo:lat>7: <geo:long>-2.939637</geo:long>8: <edu:hasFaculty>9: <rdf:Bag>10: <rdf:lirdf:resource="http://www.eside.deusto.es" dc:title="Facultad de Ingeniería"/>11: <rdf:lirdf:resource="http://www.lacomercial.deusto.es" dc:title="Facultad de Económicas y Empresariales"/>12: </rdf:Bag>13: </edu:hasFaculty>14: </rdf:Description>15: </rdf:RDF>N3/Turtle:1: @prefixrdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .2: @prefixdc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .3: @prefixgeo: <http://www. w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> .4: @prefixedu: <http://www.example.org/> .5: <http://www.deusto.es> geo:lat "43.270737" ; geo:long "-2.939637" .6: <http://www.eside.deusto.es> dc:title "Departamento de Ingeniería" .7: <http://www.deusto.es> edu:hasFaculty <http://www.eside.deusto.es> .

171. RDF Examplehttp://www.w3.org/RDF/Validator/

172. What is an ontology? An ontology describes basic concepts in a domain and defines relations among them. Basic building blocks of ontology design include:classes or concepts properties of each concept describing various features and attributes of the concept (slots (sometimes called roles or properties)) restrictions on slots (facets (sometimes called role restrictions)) An ontology together with a set of individual instances of classes constitutes a knowledge base.

173. OWL ReviewAn ontology differs from an XML schema in that it is a knowledge representation, not a message format One advantage of OWL ontologies will be the availability of tools that can reason about them The normative OWL exchange syntax is RDF/XML. OWL is a vocabulary extension of RDFWeb ontologies are distributedCan be imported and augmented, creating derived ontologies.

174. Ejemplo OWL Ontology ReasoningSupongamos el siguiente modelo RDF:@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .<http://www.ipina.org/> foaf:author <http://www.ipina.org/osgi/> .<http://www.deusto.es/dipina/> foaf:author <http://www.deusto.es/dipina/ajax/> .<http://www.eside.deusto.es/dipina/> foaf:author <http://paginaspesonales.deusto.es/dipina/> .Aunque pertenecen al mismo autor, no están relacionadas entre ellas, con la ayuda de OWL podemos mapear estas URIs@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .<http://www.deusto.es/dipina/> owl:sameAs <http://www.ipina.org/> .<http://www.eside.deusto.es/dipina/> owl:sameAs <http://www.ipina.org/> .Si mezclamos ambos modelos y ejecutamos un razonador podríamos responder a “dime todo lo que ha escrito “<http://www.ipina.org>”:<http://www.ipina.org/osgi/>,<http://www.deusto.es/dipina/ajax/> y <http://paginaspesonales.deusto.es/dipina/>

175. SPARQLSPARQL (http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/) permite la consulta de grafos RDF a través de un lenguaje sencilloSPARQL es idóneo para extraer y consultar información mantenida por aplicaciones, servicios o repositorios ad-hoc de terceras partes expresados en RDFConsta de 3 elementos:Lenguaje de consultas. Mecanismo para transmitir una consulta a un servicio de procesamiento de consultas remoto Formato XML en el que devolver los resultados

176. SPARQL ExamplePREFIX table: <http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable#>SELECT ?symbol ?numberFROM <http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable#>WHERE{ { ?element table:symbol ?symbol;table:atomicNumber ?number;table:group table:group_17. OPTIONAL { ?element table:color ?color. } } UNION { ?element table:symbol ?symbol;table:atomicNumber ?number;table:group table:group_18. }}ORDER BY DESC(?number)LIMIT 10OFFSET 10

177. RDFaProblems with RDF:RDF is a flexible format for storing, aggregating, and using metadata. BUT, RDF/XML syntax is messy enough to scare many people away from RDFSOLUTION  RDFaRDFa = Making easier to embed RDF into XHTML and XMLAdds metadata to XHTML without affecting browsers display Web page data is readable not only by humans but by automated processes Enables data aggregation and metadata association to perform tasks more sophisticated than those enabled by screen scrapping Uses some existing XHTML 1 attributes and a few new XHTML 2 attributes to store the subjects, predicates, and objects of RDF triples XHTML 1 attributes href, content, rel, rev, and datatypeNew about, role and property attributes from XHTML 2's Metainformation Attributes (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml2/mod-meta.html) moduleGood site: http://rdfa.info/

178. GRDDLGRDDL is a mechanism for Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages Defines a standard for declaring that a web page or XML can be transformed into an RDF graph, as well as the algorithms o mechanisms for performing such transformationsglean –verb (used with object) to learn, discover, or find out, usually little by little or slowly. –verb (used without object)Joins the gap between microformats and RDFaA markup for ... declaring that an XML document includes gleanable data (PROFILE) or ... linking to an algorithm (typically XSLT) for gleaning the RDF data from the document (TRANSFORMATION)The markup includes:a namespace-qualified attribute for use in general-purpose XML documents. xmlns:grddl='http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view#' grddl:transformation="glean_title.xsl"a profile-qualified link relationship for use in valid XHTML documents.<head profile="http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view"> <link rel="transformation" href="glean_title.xsl" />

179. Summary Mechanisms to Add SemanticsMicroformatsDesigned for humans first, machines secondVery short steps to solve specific problems one at a timeHelp putting your data into HTML, but no standard way to get the data out.Cannot be validated easily, mixing hCard and hCal there's no way to guarantee you will interpret it correctly.Very domain specific<a href="http://jane-blog.example.org/" rel="sweetheart date met">Jane</a> RDFa vs. microformatswhen the underlying ontology/vocabulary is simply way too complicated to be re-expressed in a microformatmicroformats are good for micro-metadata (e.g. name, address, event dates) but not for complex embedded (e.g. proteins, geological data)when you need to combine several ontologies/vocabularies in one page handle possible conflicts between primitives e.g. class="name" and class="name" vs. rel="foaf:name" and rel="prod:name"GRDDLMiddleware to join microformats and RDFaGlue for the different existing semantization mechanismsAll of them together will help us rich the vision of a more meaningful, still painless Web!!

180. Semantic Web vs. semantic web

181. Web 2.0 and Mash-up ProblemsVanilla XML Web services require parsing XML trees to retrieve the desired dataProcessing remains tied to underlying syntactic rather than semantic structure of the dataNeed of writing custom handlers to interact with each APINo common language is available for querying and integrating such data sourcesThe challenge is to create truly flexible Web scale mash-upsSPARQL query language for the Semantic Web enables standardised access to distributed data sources.

182. Semantic Web ProblemsFaces similar challenges to Web 2.0 mash-ups if it is to reach widespread adoptionFew mechanisms exist that allow non-specialist users to contribute to the Semantic WebCompleting forms in a web browser content that is immediately usable on the Semantic WebWithout any user knowledge of RDF, ontologies or Semantic Web Promote user semantic annotation with guided user input through the use of formsSignificant effort must be given to developing compelling interfaces able to display structured, linked data from across the WebFirst attempts  dbpedia RDF-ising Wikipedia

183. Current ways to make a MashupHand CodeMash-up makers (http://mashable.com/2007/07/08/mashups/):Google Mashup EditorYahoo! Pipes (http://pipes.yahoo.com) IBM’s QEDWikiMicrosoft PopFly (http://www.popfly.com)

184. Problems of Current ToolsA REST service can do anythingAny InputAny OutputMultiple Ways to invokeREST can be invoked in different waysData mediation must be done

185. SAWSDLSemantically Annotated WSDLA W3C RecomendationA way of adding semantics to a WSDLDerived from METEOR-S (LSDIS project)Note that WSDL is in the name

186. SAWSDL DetailsAdd annotations through a “Model reference”Types of annotationsportTypes / InterfacesInputs or Outputs / TypesFaults / FaultsOperationsAlso have “Lifting Schemas”

187. SA-RESTA way to attach Semantics to REST based servicesBased of SAWSDLAttempt to extend REST while keeping simplicity in mind

188. 122What could semantics fixWork with high level conceptsCreates the possibility for homogeneityPassing of concepts not low level data structureAdds possibility for advanced search

189. SA-REST Example<html xmlns:sarest="http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/SAREST#"> <body> <p about="http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/~jlathem/FindPerson"> This service takes a<span property="sarest:input“> http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/#person </span> as an input. The service returns a<span property="sarest:output">http://otheront/#location </span> as the result. The page should be invoked by an <meta property="sarest:catapouamus" content="HTMLGET"/><meta property="sarest:upcast" content="test"/> <meta property="sarest:downcast" content="test2"/> <meta property="sarest:operation" content="LookupPerson"/> </p> </body></html>

190. Semantic Mash-upsSO FAR …Mashups are great if you're looking for one kind of thing (coffee shops, hotels, gyms) and come from one source (especially when that source is an amalgamator like Citysearch or even Google) Semantic Mashups will merge information from multiple feeds and organize the results First step is to turn all of your data sources into feeds that can be mashed up RDFa lets Web site developers make an HTML page do double duty as a presentation page and as a machine-readable source of structured data in RDF.

191. SemanticMash-ups

192. Mash-up Semánticos… o como la Web 2.0 actual puede beneficiarse de la adopción de ciertas tecnologías semánticas para dar lugar a portales web más inteligentesPotencial combinación de Web 2.0 y Web SemánticaEjemplo:mash-up semántico capaz de agregar información heterogénea sobre eventos proveniente de diferentes organizaciones y de mostrarla de manera conjunta sobre un mapa de GoogleMaps

193. Problemática Web 2.0 y MashupsLa Web 2.0 social define un portal como un “jardín cerrado” (walled garden) donde sus frutos difícilmente pueden ser recogidos y combinados con los de otros portales.Una manera de romper los muros de los jardines de datos de los portales Web 2.0 actuales es ofrecer APIsA menudo, estas APIs dan lugar a estructuras de datos en XML que deben ser procesadas e integradas por los consumidoresRDF permite combinar las respuestas de un portal con las de otrohaciendo que las sentencias RDF de dos localizaciones diferentes hagan referencia al mismo concepto (URI)estableciendo correspondencias mediante OWL indicando que dos conceptos son equivalentesEl uso de RDF para generar respuestas desde diferentes portales de datos distribuidos permite el uso del lenguaje de consultas SPARQL

194. Problemática de la Web SemánticaLa Web Semántica presenta dos problemas principales para su adopción global: disponibilidad de los datos y Necesidad de creación de interfaces que permitan a usuarios web convencionales contribuir a la Web Semánticadiseño de interfaces de interacciónDesarrollar interfaces que permitan visualizar más cómodamente los grafos de relaciones entre conceptos que constituyen la Web Semántica

195. Mash-ups normales vs. SemánticosEn los mash-ups Web 2.0 tradicionales, cada vez que se integra una nueva fuente de información es preciso desarrollar un nuevo adaptador que convierta los datos capturados al formato interno utilizado en el mash-up. En el mash-up semántico basta rellenar un formulario web donde se especifica la URL de publicación de eventos de un portal, así como un conjunto mínimo de metadatos para automáticamente ser capaz de combinar los datos de este nuevo portal con los datos de otros portales antes considerados.Los mash-up semánticos son mucho más flexibles dado que convierten la información recuperada a formato RDF, lingua franca que puede luego ser fácilmente luego filtrada y consultada a través de consultas SPARQL. Los mash-ups semánticos tienen la capacidad de evolucionar sin requerir cambios en su códigoAunque los datos provistos pueden ser especificados en formatos de representación sintácticos diferentes, es un requisito fundamental que tales datos, semánticamente, deben proveer una información muy similar, fácilmente convertible a un vocabulario RDF común.

196. Ontología del Mash-upOntología que modela “Eventos geo-localizados organizados por una entidad”en vez de diseñar una ontología desde cero, hemos preferido hacer uso de tres vocabularios RDF bien conocidos tales como Calendar, vCard y Geo, que nos permiten representar eventos con las características que deseamosRDF Calendar (http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/NOTE-rdfcal-20050929/)vCard-RDF (http://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf)Geo RDF (http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/)Y de sus microformatos equivalentes:hCalendar (http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar) hCard (http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard)geo (http://microformats.org/wiki/geo)

197. Evento geolocalizado expresado con hCalendar<div id="empresadigital: event1" class="vevent"> <h1><span class="summary">OSGI: una Plataforma Modular y Ligera para Construir Aplicaciones basadas en Servicios</span></h1> <h2><abbr title="20080401T0900" class="dtstart">22 Mayo del 2008 9am a </abbr><abbr title="20080401T1400" class="dtend">2pm</abbr> en <span class="location">Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Miñano</span></h2> <abbr class="geo" title="42.883; -2.760"></abbr> <p class="description">OSGi es una de las tecnologías de software distribuido que más impacto está causando últimamente. Ven a este curso y aprende que hay detrás de OSGi.<a href="http://www.empresadigital.net/osgi" class="url">Pulsa</a> para obtener más información.</p> <p><span class="organizer vcard">Organizado por</span> <a href="http://www.arabadigitala.com" class="url"><span class="fn org">Araba Enpresa Digitala</span></a>. Contáctanos en <a class="email" href="mailto:[email protected]"> [email protected]</a> </p> <p><span class="logo" content="images/logo_ARABA.gif"> <img src="images/logo_ARABA.gif"/></span></p></div>

198. Evento geolocalizado en RDFa<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?><htmlxmlns:cal="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#"xmlns:contact="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"> <head> <title>Eventos de la Facultad de Ingenieria de la Universidad de Deusto</title> </head> <body> <p about="http://www.deusto.es/events/event1"instanceof="cal:Vevent"> Charla técnica: <spanproperty="cal:summary"> Web con minusculas </span> a celebrarse el dia <spanproperty="cal:dtstart" content="20080412T1600-0500"> 12 de Marzo a las 4pm. </span> en Auditorio Principal Universidad de Deusto <spanhref="#p1" rel="geo:Point"> <spanabout="#p1"> <spanproperty="geo:lat">43.270737</span> <spanproperty="geo:long">-2.939637</span> </span> </span> organizado por <spanhref="http://www.deusto.es/staff/dipina" rel="cal:organizer">Diego Lopez de Ipina</span> </p> ...

199. Evento geolocalizado expresado en RDF<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?><rdf:RDFxmlns:cal=http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/icaltzd#xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"xmlns:vcard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"> <rdf:Descriptionrdf:about="http://www.revistasprofesionales.com/solop#event2"> <rdf:typerdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/icaltzd#Vevent"/> <cal:organizerrdf:resource="http://www.revistasprofesionales.com/solop"/> <cal:dtendrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2008-05-27</cal:dtend> <cal:summaryrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral">Charla sobre Web 3.0</cal:summary> <cal:descriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral">Ven a ver lo último en la sinergia entre Web 2.0 y Web Semántica (GRDDL, RDFa, microformátos)</cal:description> <cal:urlrdf:resource="http://www.revistasprofesionales.com/solop/charla2"/> <cal:dtstartrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2008-05-27</cal:dtstart> <cal:locationrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral">Madrid, España</cal:location> <geo:Point> <rdf:Descriptionrdf:about="p1"> <geo:latrdf:parseType="Literal">40.437</geo:lat> <geo:longrdf:parseType="Literal">-3.625</geo:long> </rdf:Description> </geo:Point> </rdf:Description>...</rdf:RDF>

200. Consulta que extrae eventos agregadosPREFIX cal: <http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/icaltzd#> PREFIX contact: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>PREFIX geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>SELECT DISTINCT ?summary ?description ?dtstart ?dtend ?lat ?long ?org ?url ?email ?logoWHERE { ?event cal:summary ?summary. ?event cal:dtstart ?dtstart. OPTIONAL { ?event cal:organizer ?organizer. ?organizer contact:fn ?org. ?organizer contact:url ?url. ?organizer contact:email ?email. OPTIONAL { ?organizer contact:logo ?logo. } } OPTIONAL { ?event geo:Point ?point. ?point geo:lat ?lat. ?point geo:long ?long. } OPTIONAL { ?event cal:geo ?loc. ?loc <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> ?lat. ?loc <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> ?restgeo. ?restgeo <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> ?long. } OPTIONAL { ?event cal:dtend ?dtend. } OPTIONAL { ?event cal:description ?description. } FILTER ( xsd:dateTime(?dtstart) >= xsd:dateTime("2008-04-14T00:00:00Z") ) FILTER ( xsd:dateTime(?dtend) <= xsd:dateTime("2008-04-21T00:00:00Z") )} ORDER BY ?event;

201. SemanticMashup

202. ReferencesEuropeanFuture Internet Portal, http://www.future-internet.eu/TheFuture of the Internet, Bled 31 March 2008, ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/ch1-g940-280-future-internet-ld_en.pdfFuture Internet: The Cross-ETP VisionDocument, Version 1, 8. January, 2009, http://www.future-internet.eu/fileadmin/documents/reports/Cross-ETPs_FI_Vision_Document_v1_0.pdfHow Web 3.0 WillWork, http://computer.howstuffworks.com/web-30.htmThree New Search Services: Wolfram|Alpha, Microsoft Bing, Google Squared, http://dltj.org/article/alpha-bing-squared/BingSearchEngine, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)

203. ReferencesCloud Computing – DisruptiveInnovation & Enabling Technology, http://blog.gogrid.com/2008/08/20/presentation-cloud-computing-disruptive-innovation-enabling-technology/Web Applications 1.0, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/2005-09-01/The Internet of Thingshttp://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/internetofthings/InternetofThings_summary.pdfEnterprise 2.0http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe/Programmable Webhttp://www.programmableweb.com

204. Towards Future Internet: Web 3.0, Internet of Services & Internet of Things8 de Julio 2009, 11:30-13:30 Sala de Videoconferencias, ESIDEDr. Diego López de Ipiña (y algunos de mis doctorandos)[email protected]

Towards Future Internet: Web 3.0, Internet of Services & Internet of Things

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