Traffic light using plc
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This document describes a traffic light simulation project using a PLC and infrared sensors. It discusses the typical sequence of traffic light colors, history of traffic lights, purposes for using traffic lights, and design of the traffic light states. The project aims to control traffic lights according to vehicle density on the road. An AT89s52 microcontroller and infrared sensors will perform computations and control. The document concludes that using a PLC makes the smart traffic controller a low-cost system that can realize traffic flow optimization strategies.
Traffic light using plc
- 1. On Submitted by Banzadio salazaku Roll 2013010100016 B tech E and I 6th sem Submitted to Mrs. Arti Nagpal
- 2. Preface An industrial PLCs system is used for the development of the controls of machinery. This paper describes the PLCs systems in terms of their architecture, their interface to the process hardware, the functionality and the application development facilities they provide. Some attention is also paid to the industrial standards to which they abide their planned evolution as well as the potential benefits of their use. Ladder Logic is a graphical programming language, initially programmed with simple contacts that simulates the opening and closing of relays. Ladder Logic programming has been expanded to include functions such as Counters, Timers, shift Registers and math operations. Ladder logic is a method of drawing electrical logic schematics. It is now a graphical language very popular for programming Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). It was originally invented to describe logic made from relays. The name is based on the observation that programs in this language resemble ladders, with two vertical "rails" and a series of horizontal "rungs" between them.
- 4. INTRODUCTION: Traffic lights alternate the right of way accorded to road users by displaying lights of a standard color (red, yellow/amber, and green) following a universal color code. In the typical sequence of color phases: • Illumination of the green light allows traffic to proceed inthe direction denoted, • Illumination of the yellow light denoting, if safe to do so, prepare to stop short of the intersection and • Illumination of the red signal prohibits any traffic from proceeding. • Usually, the red light contains some orange in it hue, and the green light contains some blue, for the benefit of people with red-green color blindness. Traffic lights have become an integral part of human’s day-to-day life. With this motivation in the mind, this project aims at designing and implementing, a running model of traffic light controller which is controlled according to the density of vehicle on road. We will use AT89s52 microcontrollerand Infra red sensorfor performing all the computation and control related task
- 5. HISTORY:- • Traffic lights are signaling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestriancrossings are today used in almost every city of the world. • On December 10, 1868, the first traffic lights were installed outside the British houses of parliament in London,bythe railway engineer J.P. Knight. • The modern electric traffic light is an American invention, policemanLesterWire invented the firstred-greenelectric traffic lights. • The first four-way, three-color traffic light was created by police officer William Potts in Detroit. WHERE TO USE TRAFFIC SIGNAL? General Traffic Volumes:- When traffic volumes at most of the intersection approaches reach the point where other forms of control cannot efficiently assign right of way to the approaching motorists. Interruption of Continuous Traffic - Whentraffic on a major streetis so heavy that traffic on a lightly travelled side street has little opportunity to cross or enter the main-street traffic. This condition requires heavier traffic on the main street than the previous condition, but allows lighter traffic on the side street. Pedestrian Volumes - When pedestrian traffic is heavy enough to justify the interruption of vehicular traffic.
- 6. SchoolCrossings -If judged necessarybythe traffic engineer,a traffic signal may be used to facilitate the crossing of school children. Progressive Movement - Sometimes a traffic signal will help keep platoons of cars tightly formed to enhance the coordinated flow along a street and encourage an appropriate speed. Accidents -Traffic signals are sometimes effective in reducing accidents that result from the inability of motorists to safely assign their own right of way. These accidents typically involve right-angle collisions.
- 7. PURPOSE Control up to 4-phases traffic system with the traffic flow optimization strategies Optimize the traffic flow at network junctions Measurably improve traffic flow Reduce environmental pollution caused by traffic Most importantly increases road safety Traffic Light Design • We figured out some possible States of the Traffic Light. • Next, we should think logically about how the Traffic Light should behave. • For now, we will try to keep it simple. • (Suppose these are infrequently usedcountry roads.) ENHANCEMENT • Bright and energy-efficient – street lighting • Image processing • Solar panel Bright and energy-efficient – street lighting The challenge ◦ Limited public funds
- 8. ◦ Strict regulations ◦ Environmental protection The solution ◦ Contribute to public safety and security on streets and sidewalks ◦ Reduce the risk of accidents on roadways, cycle paths and sidewalks ◦ Makes a city more attractive, improves the quality of life
- 9. SOFTWARE USED All Control Logix and Compact Logix processors use LogixPro 500 software to program the PLCs. Admittedly, the software is a bit pricey, but in my opinion, it is worth it. Getting The LogixPro 500 Software If you don’t have access to a PLC, it would be well worth the effort to download the demo version of LogixPro 500. The demo runs for 90 days, and has some limitations, but you will be gaining experience with the real thing. Currently, the software is here: http://www.rockwellautomation.com/rockwellsoftware/design/logixpro500/dem o.htm
- 12. CONCLUSION Use of PLC instead of other controllers such as microcontroller makes the smart traffic controller hardware a low cost system The program downloaded into the microcontrollerenables it to have a high accuracy timing, high independency and consistently It enables the proposedsmart traffic controller system to realize traffic flow optimization strategies at a single or network junctions