Trans
- 1. TRANSGENDER
- 2. Introduction to Trans and Gender Diverse Identities
- 3. Gender Expression: How people present themselves. People might as feminine, masculine, neutral or a combination, and this may vary. Gender Identity: How people interpret and view themselves, within the context of wider society and culture. Sex: The biological characteristics of a person’s body, i.e. organs and DNA. Usually this is male, female, or intersex. What is gender?
- 4. Gender Identity: Gender is how people interpret and view themselves. A person might identify as the gender they were assigned at birth (cisgender) or they may identify differently (transgender). Gender identity vs. assigned gender Gender is assigned at birth based on physical sex – i.e. It’s a girl! or It’s a boy! – and people are generally raised in this gender role. This is called assigned gender.
- 5. Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristic that define men and women . Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours , activities and attributes that a given society consider appropriate for men and women. To put it another way : “MALE” and “FEMALE” are sex categories , while “MASCULINE” and “FEMININE” are gender categories .
- 6. TYPES OF TRANSGENDER • 1.Hetrosexual: people are attracted to individuals of a different sex from themselves. • 2.Bisexual: people may be attracted to individuals of the same or different sex. • 3.Cisgender: it is a term used to describe people who sense of they own gender is aligned with the sex that they were assigned at birth. • 4.Asexual: Asexuality is a “sexual orientation characterized by a persistent lack of sexual attraction toward any gender. • 5.Homosexual: A person sexually attracted to persons of the same sex .Homosexuals include males (Gays) and females (Lesbians).
- 7. Transgender: It is an umbrella term to refer to all people who do not identify with their assigned gender at birth Transgender people are individuals of any age or sex whose appearance, personal characteristics, or behaviours differ from stereotypes about how men and women are ‘supposed’ to be. Transgender people have existed in every culture, race, and class since the story of human life has been recorded. In India there are a host of socio – cultural groups of transgender people like hijras/ kinnars, and other transgender identities like – shiv-shaktis, jogtas, jogappas, Aradhis, Sakhi, etc India's most recent census conducted the first official count of transgender people and the result was more than 4,90,000 people. http://iasscore.in/national-details-74.html http://www.glaad.org/blog/indias-census-counts-transgender-population-first-time
- 8. Once TG people start lives their as the opposite gender , many issues may come up –like how to fill out forms that required checking female or male and even which public bathrooms to used. For people who are TG , the realisation that they feel different from others also can be very difficult . They may face rejection , discrimination and even anger from people who don’t understand PROBLEMS OF TRANSGENDER
- 9. Problems faced by transgender people Discrimination- no access to public spaces, health care,family unemployment lack of educational facilities homelessness- families do not accept them lack of medical facilities: like HIV care and hygiene, depression, hormone pill abuse, tobacco and alcohol abuse problems related to marriage and adoption. A 2007 study showed the percentage of Hijras who reported: forced sex is 46%; physical abuse is 44%; verbal abuse is 56%; blackmail for money http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/hijr as_transgender_in_india_hiv_human_rights_an d_social_exclusion.pdf
- 11. Supreme court of India in NALSA v Union of India • The third gender people will be considered as OBCs. They will be given educational and employment reservation as OBCs • The supreme court also said states and the Centre will provide social welfare schemes for third gender community and run a public awareness campaign to erase the negative public image. • The Supreme court also said that the states must provide special public toilets and provide assistance for special medical issues. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/S upreme-Court-recognizes-transgenders-as- third-gender/articleshow/33767900.cms
- 12. Rights for Transgender people • right to equality under Article 14 of the constitution of India • Article 15 speaks about the prohibition of discrimination on the ground of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. • Article 16- equal opportunity for everyone • Article 21 ensures right to privacy and personal dignity to all the citizens. • Article 23 prohibits trafficking in human beings as beggars and other similar forms of forced labor and any contravention of these provisions shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law. The Constitution of India NALSA v Union of India
- 13. • The Constitution provides all the fundamental rights and also guarantees political rights, educational and health benefits to the third gender. But the third gender people continues to be ostracized. The main question is whether we can see equality in the real world?
- 14. Supreme court judgement on transgender rights • Legal Recognition for Third Gender • Equal access to education • Public Health and Sanitation • Socio-Economic Rights • Stigma and Public Awareness http://iasscore.in/national-details-74.html
- 15. Comprehensive health insurance schemes. Rashtriya Swasthya Bhima yojna. sex re-assignment in government hospital. Training and sensitization of health care . ‘ Samanwaya’ continuing education programme for TG. Scholarship for TG students. Providing grants , subsidy loans depending on their income ID card for TG persons. Self employment assistance for TG persons. ETC….,
- 16. C R E A T E D B Y : A M R U T H A , S I S H I M A , A S W A T H Y , S O N A , M A N J U I I I B A E C O N O M I C S U N D E R D R . K . S A V I T H A , A S S O C . P R O F . , G O V T A R T S A N D S C I E N C E C O L L E G E , C A L I C U T , J A N 2 0 2 0 THANK YOU…