Transport layer and Application layer
- 1. UNIT V Transport Layer & Application Layer
- 2. Transport Layer • UDP: User Datagram Protocol • TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
- 3. Introduction to UDP The UDP header.
- 4. TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
- 5. The TCP Service Model Well Known ports.
- 6. The TCP Segment Header TCP Header.
- 7. TCP Connection Establishment (a) TCP connection establishment in the normal case. 6-31
- 10. TCP Connection Management Modeling The states used in the TCP connection management finite state machine.
- 11. TCP Transmission Policy Window management in TCP.
- 12. TCP Congestion Control (a) A fast network feeding a low capacity receiver.
- 13. (b) A slow network feeding a high-capacity receiver.
- 14. TCP Timer Management TCP Uses multiple timers to do works. The following are the various types of Timers. • Retransmission Timer • Persistence Timer (Used to prevent Deadlocks) • Keep Alive Timer (Connection is ideal for long Time)
- 15. • Retransmission Timer : The sender after sending the data unit it will start the Retransmission Timer, if the sender does not receive any acknowledge from the receiver after some time Retransmission timer goes off and the sender will retransmit the data unit once again. • Persistence Timer : The Receiver sends an Ack with window size of zero telling the sender to wait. Later the receiver updates the window but the data unit with the update is lost. Now both sender and receiver will wait forever resulting in a Deadlock state. To avoid this DL the Persistence timer is set and once if the timer is gone off the sender transmits a probe message to the receiver.
- 16. • Keep Alive Timer : When a connection has been ideal for a long time , the keep alive timer may go off to cause one side to check if other side is still there. If it fails to respond, the connection is Terminated.
- 18. DNS – The Domain Name System
- 19. Name Space i) Flat Name Space ii) Hierarchical Name Space (Ex: Domain Name space) • Flat Name space searching will be difficult. • Domain name space is a tree format having root at the top.
- 21. • Each node in the tree has a domain name. • Full Domain is a sequence of labels separated by dots. • The domain names are always read from leaves to root. • Domain names are of two types i) Fully qualified domain names. Ex: cse.gprec.ac.in ii) Partially qualified domain names. Ex: cse.gprec
- 22. Domain Name Space • DNS Name space is a Hierarchical name space. Top Level Domain • Ex: cse.gprec.ac.in Most Specific Most Generic
- 23. The DNS Name Space A portion of the Internet domain name space.
- 24. Resource Records The principal DNS resource records types.
- 25. Name Servers Part of the DNS name space showing the division into zones.
- 26. Thank You