Linux on Hyper-V
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Linux can run on Hyper-V either through emulated or enlightened ("synthetic") drivers. The Linux Integration Services provide enlightened drivers that improve performance. Linux IS has added many features over time, such as support for additional distributions like Ubuntu, mouse integration, and PowerShell support. Converting physical Linux machines to Hyper-V virtual machines can help optimize resources.
Linux on Hyper-V
- 1. Linux on Hyper-V Tudor Damian, Microsoft Virtual Machine MVP @tudydamian – www.tudy.tel
- 2. Agenda • Short overview • Enlightened vs. emulated • A bit of history • What’s officially supported? • What actually works? • How does it work? • More about Linux Integration Services • Linux P2V conversions for Hyper-V • Backing-up Linux VMs • MAP Toolkit 6.5 • The future of Linux on Hyper-V
- 4. How does it work? • VSP (virtualization service provider) • Hyper-V component in the”parent partition” • Communicates with the hardware drivers • Gives access to the host resources • VSC (virtualization service client) • Drivers for”synthetic devices” installed in the enlightened guest OS • Exposes every virtual device and translates I/O requests • There’s always a VSP/VSC pair • VMBus (virtual machine bus) • A high-speed point-to-point in-memory bus • Allows the communication between VSPs and VSCs through Hyper-V • For Linux, every VSC has a DIM (Driver Interface Mapper) • DIMs interact with the Linux Kernel like any other driver • There’s also a “VSC core” based on each existing VSP
- 5. Emulated vs. enlightened • Emulated drivers • Drivers are “emulated” • All requests targeting the hardware (HDD, network, etc) are not direct • “Translated” in both directions (VM-hw, hw-VM) by the hypervisor • They bring in a performance overhead • The emulated drivers are pretty similar to what we had in Virtual Server: • Video = S3 Trio64+ SVGA (VESA) • Network = Intel/DEC ”Tulip” 21x4x • IDE = Intel 440BX chipset MB • ”Enlightened” drivers • Also known as “synthetic drivers” • These make the VM ”hypervisor aware” • Written especially for virtualized environments => paravirtualization • They’re basically just pointers to the drivers in the ”parent partition” • Huge performance boost!
- 6. The road so far • What’s been done so far? • July 2009 – Microsoft contributes with over 20.000 lines of code in the Linux kernel • December 2009 – The drivers (in staging) are included in the 2.6.32 Kernel • July 1st 2010 – Microsoft presents at the Red Hat Summit • Official support list: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc794868(WS.10).aspx • Linux Integration Services 2.1 RTM (July 29th 2010) • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (10 SP1/SP2/SP3, 11) • Red Hat Enterprise Linux (5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5) • Linux Integration Services 3.2 RTM (January 12th 2012) • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0 and 6.1 x86 and x64 (Up to 4 vCPU) • CentOS 6.0/6.1 x86 and x64 (Up to 4 vCPU) • Requirements • A Linux ISO or DVD, using distributions based on the 2.6.16-27 or 2.6.32+ Linux kernel • Linux Development Tools (gcc, kernel-devel / linux source) for older versions of the IS • Linux Integration Services for Hyper-V • (optional) Enlightened mouse driver • Total install duration: ~40-45 minutes
- 7. Linux ”unofficial” support • There’s no need for the Integration Services to install Linux on Hyper-V • Most distributions work just fine in an emulated environment (lower performance) • So why don’t we have more supported Linux distros? • …such as Hannah Montana Linux - http://hannahmontana.sourceforge.net/ • The answer is simple: there are no companies to offer dedicated support • Support is usually offered by the community • Microsoft doesn’t have anyone to create a support agreement with • They don’t officially cover these under standard support incidents • They do recommend the communities for help (MVPs, Linux distro-related communities) • Users have reported successful installs of: • Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, CentOS, other distros (e.g. Hannah Montana Linux) • Even FreeBSD and Open Solaris
- 8. The road to “enlightment” • Driver support for synthetic devices (v1 – original distro code, created by Citrix) • Synthetic network controller & Synthetic storage controller (IDE/SCSI) • Fastpath Boot Support for Hyper-V (v2.0 – December 2009) • Block VSC – increased boot performance • Timesync (v2.1 – July 2010) • The clock inside the virtual machine will remain synchronized with the clock on the host • Integrated Shutdown (v2.1 – July 2010) • VMs can be cleanly shut down from Hyper-V • Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) Support (v2.1 – July 2010) • Supported Linux distributions can use up to 4 virtual processors (VP) per virtual machine • Heartbeat (v2.1 – July 2010) • Allows the host to detect whether the guest is running and responsive • Pluggable Time Source (v2.1 – July 2010) • A pluggable clock source module is included to provide a more accurate time source to the guest. • KVP (Key Value Pair) Exchange (v3.1 – July 2011) • Information about the running Linux VM can be obtained by using the Key Value Pair exchange functionality on the host (FQDN, Linux IS version, IP addresses, OS version/distro/kernel, CPU architecture x86/x64) • Integrated Mouse Support (v3.2 – January 2012) • The cursor is no longer bound to the VMConnect window when used with the Linux Graphical User Interface
- 9. Project Satori • http://www.xen.org/products/satori.html • A collaboration project between Citrix and Microsoft • The main components of project Satori became Linux IS for Hyper-V • The old Linux IS did not have ”input devices” support • No mouse support in “non-enlightened” guests accessed through cascaded TS/RDP • Workaround: local Hyper-V Console (RSAT) or direct connection into the VM • The “captured mouse” experience on Linux guests is not fun • Most Linux installs don’t need a GUI • Project Satori brings in InputVSC • Enlightened mouse drivers • They require Linux IS 2.x to be installed • Root access required • Available under a GPL 2.0 license
- 10. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Comparing to IS on Windows • Synthetic Drivers • IDE driver • SCSI driver • Network Drive • Mouse Integration • Video • Integration Services • Operating System Shutdown • Time Synchronization • Heartbeat • Data Exchange • Backup (VSS)
- 11. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 IS on Windows
- 12. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 IS on Windows
- 13. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Linux IS v2.1 prerequisites • Red Hat updates – yum install kernel-devel – yum groupinstall "development tools" – yum update • SLES updates – yast –i kernel-devel – yast –i kernel-source – yast –i gcc
- 14. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Installing Linux IS – RHEL 5 x64
- 15. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Installing Linux IS – SLES 10 SP2
- 16. Linux IS v2.1 installation • Copy the .iso content locally mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom cp -rp /mnt/cdrom /opt/linux_is umount /mnt/cdrom • Install the drivers cd /opt/linux_is make make install • Before IS 2.1, the install was done using a Perl script ./setup.pl drivers • Reboot
- 17. Linux IS v3.2 installation • Linux IS 3.x brings RPM support • Install the drivers mount /dev/cdrom /media cd /media ./install.sh • Reboot the VM
- 18. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Verifying the install - lsmod
- 19. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Verifying the install - GUI
- 20. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 modinfo support (Linux IS 2.1+)
- 21. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 modinfo support (Linux IS 2.1+)
- 22. Wrap-up: Linux IS components • hv_vmbus - VMBus • hv_storvsc – storage VSC • hv_netvsc – network VSC • hv_timesource – pluggable time source • hv_mouse – enlightened mouse • hv_utils – graceful shutdown, timesync, heartbeat
- 23. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Linux IS on 2.6.32+ Kernel Example: Ubuntu 10.4 LTS
- 24. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Linux IS on 2.6.32+ Kernel • Edit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules – sudo gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules • Add the following lines: – hv_vmbus – hv_storvsc – hv_blkvsc – hv_netvsc • Update – sudo update-initramfs –u • Reboot
- 25. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Linux IS on 2.6.32+ Kernel • You can verify the install just like before – /sbin/lsmod | grep vsc
- 26. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64 http://blogs.msdn.com/b/virtual_pc_guy/archive/2010/10/21/installing-ubuntu-server-10-10-on-hyper-v.aspx
- 27. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 28. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 29. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 30. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 31. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 32. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 33. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 34. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 35. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 36. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 37. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 38. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 39. Ubuntu Server 10.10 x64
- 40. Native PowerShell support and in-box metering SCRIPTING EVERYTHING
- 41. Hyper-V Resource Meters • Historic Resource utilization information • Persistent through live migrations Network • Incoming & Outgoing Traffic per IP Address Range Storage • High Water-Mark Disk Allocation Memory • Low & High Water-Mark Memory Utilization • Average Memory Utilization CPU • Average CPU Utilization
- 42. Converting Linux physical machines to Hyper-V VMs LINUX P2V
- 43. Linux P2V conversion TechEd 2010 - WSV305 http://blogs.technet.com/b/enterprise_admin/archive/2010/05/13/linux-p2v-with-dd-and-vhdtool-easy-and-cheap.aspx • You can use DD and VHDtool – DD works both on Windows and Linux – One case: you attach the Linux HDD on a Windows machine
- 44. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Linux P2V (DD) • From a command line, you convert the HDD into a RAW image format (.img) • dd if=?DeviceHarddisk1DR2 of=D:rhel54.img bs=1M --progress
- 45. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 Linux P2V (VHDTool) http://archive.msdn.microsoft.com/vhdtool • A command-line tool, open-source – Includes functions to manipulate VHD files (create, convert, extend, repair) – An excelent P2V conversion tool for Linux machines – It convers RAW images into VHDs
- 46. DD on Linux to NTFS/USB drive
- 47. DD on Linux over the network
- 48. System Center Data Protection Manager BACKING UP LINUX VMS
- 49. DPM for Hyper-V ONLINE OFFLINE OS supports VSS OS without VSS Recursive VSS call Save VM state Linux DPM AGENT
- 50. DPM, non-VSS aware guests 1. DPM marks the start of the backup 2. Save OS state (<1 min) OFFLINE (hibernate, save RAM) 3. VSS snapshot (~10 sec) 4. Resume OS 5. Actual DPM backup is taken
- 51. Heterogeneous network-wide inventory tool MAP TOOLKIT 6.5
- 52. MAP Toolkit 6.5 http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb977556.aspx • Secure, agentless, network-wide inventory • Windows XP Professional, Vista, 7 • Office 2010 and previous versions • Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 • Windows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2003 R2 • Windows 2000 Professional or Windows 2000 Server • Windows Internet Explorer 9 and previous versions • VMware vSphere, vCenter, ESX, ESXi, Server • Selected Linux distributions • LAMP application stack discovery • SQL Server • MySQL • Oracle • Sybase • Hyper-V
- 53. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 MAP Toolkit
- 54. TechEd 2010 - WSV305 MAP Toolkit
- 55. THE FUTURE OF LINUX IS
- 56. Upcoming Functionality • Dynamic Memory for Linux guests • Ballooning only for first implementation • Bi-Directional KVP • Jumbo Frames • VLAN Tag support (requires Win8) • 802.1q support (requires Win8) • Ubuntu 12.04 LTS support
- 57. Driver Status Drivers getting out of staging: • Kernel v3.2: hv_vmbus, hv_utils • Kernel v3.3: hv_netvsc; hv_mouse • Kernel v3.4: hv_storvsc Net Result: • All Hyper-V drivers out of staging and part of the mainline Linux kernel by v3.4 • Linux = first-class citizen on Hyper-V
- 58. Q&A
- 59. Don’t forget to submit your feedback and win a great Nokia smartphone and Kindle e-reader!