![The House of Tudor was a royal house of largely Welsh and English origin that held the English throne
from 1485 to 1603.[1] They descended from the Tudors of Penmynydd and Catherine of France. Tudor
monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including their ancestral Wales and the Lordship of
Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland) for 118 years with five monarchs: Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward
VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I. The Tudors succeeded the House of Plantagenet as rulers of the Kingdom of
England, and were succeeded by the House of Stuart. The first Tudor monarch, Henry VII of England,
descended through his mother from a legitimised branch of the English royal House of Lancaster, a cadet
house of the Plantagenets. The Tudor family rose to power and started the Tudor period in the wake of
the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), which left the main House of Lancaster (with which the Tudors were
aligned) extinct in the male line.
Henry VII succeeded in presenting himself as a candidate not only for traditional Lancastrian supporters,
but also for discontented supporters of their rival Plantagenet cadet House of York, and he took the throne
by right of conquest. Following his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field (22 August 1485), he reinforced
his position in 1486 by fulfilling his 1483 vow to marry Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, thus
symbolically uniting the former warring factions of Lancaster and York under the new dynasty (represented
by the Tudor rose). The Tudors extended their power beyond modern England, achieving the full union of
England and the Principality of Wales in 1542 (Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542), and successfully
asserting English authority over the Kingdom of Ireland (proclaimed by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542).
They also maintained the nominal English claim to the Kingdom of France; although none of them made
substance of it, Henry VIII fought wars with France trying to reclaim that title. After him, his daughter Mary
I lost control of all territory in France permanently with the fall of Calais in 1558.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tudors-240328034142-2397f1a2/85/tudors-and-their-runn-and-their-his-pptx-2-320.jpg)
![Ascent to the throne[edit]
The Tudors descended from King Edward III on Henry VII's mother's side from John Beaufort, 1st Earl of
Somerset, one of the children of the 14th century English prince John of Gaunt, the third surviving son of Edward
III. Beaufort's mother was Gaunt's long-term mistress Katherine Swynford.
The descendants of an illegitimate child of English royalty would normally have no claim on the throne, although
Gaunt and Swynford eventually married in 1396, when John Beaufort was 25. The church then retroactively
declared the Beauforts legitimate by way of a papal bull the same year, confirmed by an Act of Parliament in 1397.
A subsequent proclamation by John of Gaunt's son by his earlier wife Blanche of Lancaster, King Henry IV, also
recognised the Beauforts' legitimacy but declared the line ineligible for the throne.
Nevertheless, the Beauforts remained closely allied with Gaunt's descendants from his first marriage, the House of
Lancaster, during the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. However the descent from the Beauforts, did not
necessarily render Henry Tudor (Henry VII) heir to the throne, nor did the fact that his father's mother, Catherine of
Valois, had been a Queen of England (although, this did make Henry VII the son of King Henry VI's half-brother).
The legitimate claim was that of Henry Tudor's wife, Elizabeth of York, as daughter to Edward IV, and descendant
of the second son of Edward III, Lionel, Duke of Clarence, and also his fourth son, Edmund, Duke of York. As she
had no surviving brothers, Elizabeth had the strongest claim to the crown, but while she became queen consort, she
did not rule as queen regnant; for the last attempt a female made at ruling in her own right had resulted in disaster
when Henry II's mother, Empress Matilda, and Henry II's uncle, Stephen, King of England, fought bitterly for the
throne in the 12th century.[2]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tudors-240328034142-2397f1a2/85/tudors-and-their-runn-and-their-his-pptx-3-320.jpg)
![Portrait Name Birth Accession date Marriages Death Claim
Henry VII
28 January 1457
Pembroke Castle
22 August 1485
(crowned
at Westminster
Abbey on 30 October
1485)
Elizabeth of York
21 April 1509
Richmond Palace
aged 52
Descent
from Edward III of
England through his
mother Lady
Margaret Beaufort.
Henry VIII
(first King of
Ireland)[α]
28 June 1491
Greenwich Palace
21 April 1509
(crowned at
Westminster Abbey on
24 June 1509)
(1) Catherine of
Aragon
(2) Anne Boleyn
(3) Jane Seymour
(4) Anne of Cleves
(5) Catherine Howard
(6) Catherine Parr
28 January 1547
Palace of Whitehall
aged 55
Son of Henry VII
and Elizabeth of
York
Edward VI[α]
12 October 1537
Hampton Court
Palace
28 January 1547
(crowned at
Westminster Abbey on
20 February 1547)
—
6 July 1553
Greenwich Palace
aged 15
Son of Henry VIII
and Jane Seymour](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tudors-240328034142-2397f1a2/85/tudors-and-their-runn-and-their-his-pptx-8-320.jpg)
![Jane[α]
(disputed)
1537
Bradgate Park
10 July 1553
(never crowned)
Lord Guildford Dudley
12 February 1554
executed at the Tower
of London
aged 16–17
Granddaughter of
Henry VIII's
sister, Mary
(née Tudor),
Duchess of Suffolk;
succeeded on the
claim that Mary and
Elizabeth were
illegitimate, per
Edward Vi's will.
Mary I[α] 18 February 1516
Palace of Placentia
19 July 1553
(crowned at
Westminster Abbey on
1 October 1553)
Philip II of Spain
17 November 1558
St James's Palace
aged 42
Daughter of Henry
VIII and Catherine
of Aragon
Elizabeth I[α] 7 September 1533
Greenwich Palace
17 November 1558
(crowned at
Westminster Abbey on
15 January 1559)
—
24 March 1603
Richmond Palace
aged 69
Daughter of Henry
VIII and Anne
Boleyn](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tudors-240328034142-2397f1a2/85/tudors-and-their-runn-and-their-his-pptx-9-320.jpg)
![Upon becoming king in 1485, Henry VII moved rapidly to secure his hold on the throne. On 18 January 1486 at Westminster, he
honoured a pledge made three years earlier and married Elizabeth of York[11] (daughter of King Edward IV). They were third cousins
as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. The marriage unified the warring houses of Lancaster and York and gave
the couple's children a strong claim to the throne. The unification of the two houses through this marriage is symbolized by the
heraldic emblem of the Tudor rose, a combination of the white rose of York and the red rose of Lancaster.
Henry VII and Elizabeth of York had several children, four of whom survived infancy:
•Arthur, Prince of Wales (born 1486, died 1502)
•Henry, Duke of York (born 1491, died 1547)
•Margaret (born 1489, died 1541), who married James IV of Scotland
•Mary (born 1496, died 1533), who married Louis XII of France
Henry VII's foreign policy had an objective of dynastic security: witness the alliance forged with the marriage in 1503 of his daughte
Margaret to James IV of Scotland and through the marriage of his eldest son. In 1501 Henry VII married his son Arthur to Catherine
of Aragon, cementing an alliance with the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. The newlyweds spent
their honeymoon at Ludlow Castle, the traditional seat of the Prince of Wales.[12] However, four months after the marriage, Arthur
died, leaving his younger brother Henry as heir apparent. Henry VII acquired a papal dispensation allowing Prince Henry to marry
Arthur's widow; however, Henry VII delayed the marriage.
Henry VII limited his involvement in European politics. He went to war only twice: once in 1489 during the Breton crisis and the
invasion of Brittany, and in 1496–1497 in revenge for Scottish support of Perkin Warbeck and for the Scottish invasion of northern
England. Henry VII made peace with France in 1492 and the war against Scotland was abandoned because of the Western Rebellion
of 1497. Henry VII came to peace with James IV in 1502, paving the way for the marriage of his daughter Margaret.[12]
One of the main concerns of Henry VII during his reign was the re-accumulation of the funds in the royal treasury. England had neve
been one of the wealthier European countries, and after the War of the Roses this was even more true. Through his strict monetary
strategy, he was able to leave a considerable amount of money in the Treasury for his son and successor, Henry VIII. Although it is
debated whether Henry VII was a great king, he certainly was a successful one if only because he restored the nation's finances,
strengthened the judicial system and successfully denied all other claimants to the throne, thus further securing it for his heir.[13]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tudors-240328034142-2397f1a2/85/tudors-and-their-runn-and-their-his-pptx-11-320.jpg)
![Age of intriguesand plots
Elizabeth I, who was staying at Hatfield House at the time of her accession, rode to London to the cheers of both the ruling
class and the common people.
When Elizabeth came to the throne, there was much apprehension among members of the council appointed by Mary,
because many of them (as noted by the Spanish ambassador) had participated in several plots against Elizabeth, such as her
imprisonment in the Tower, trying to force her to marry a foreign prince and thereby sending her out of the realm, and even
pushing for her death.[31] In response to their fear, she chose as her chief minister Sir William Cecil, a Protestant, and
former secretary to Lord Protector the Duke of Somerset and then to the Duke of Northumberland. Under Mary, he had
been spared, and often visited Elizabeth, ostensibly to review her accounts and expenditure. Elizabeth also appointed her
personal favourite, the son of the Duke of Northumberland Lord Robert Dudley, her Master of the Horse, giving him
constant personal access to the queen.
Early years[edit]
Elizabeth had a long, turbulent path to the throne. She had a number of problems during her childhood, one of the main
ones being after the execution of her mother, Anne Boleyn. When Anne was beheaded, Henry declared Elizabeth an
illegitimate child and she would, therefore, not be able to inherit the throne. After the death of her father, she was raised by
his widow, Catherine Parr and her husband Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley. A scandal arose with her and
the Lord Admiral to which she stood trial. During the examinations, she answered truthfully and boldly and all charges
were dropped. She was an excellent student, well-schooled in Latin, French, Italian, and somewhat in Greek, and was a
talented writer.[32][33] She was supposedly a very skilled musician as well, in both singing and playing the lute. After the
rebellion of Thomas Wyatt the younger, Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower of London. No proof could be found that
Elizabeth was involved and she was released and retired to the countryside until the death of her sister, Mary I of
England.[34]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tudors-240328034142-2397f1a2/85/tudors-and-their-runn-and-their-his-pptx-13-320.jpg)
tudors and their runn and their his.pptx
- 1. The house of Tudor
- 2. The House of Tudor was a royal house of largely Welsh and English origin that held the English throne from 1485 to 1603.[1] They descended from the Tudors of Penmynydd and Catherine of France. Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including their ancestral Wales and the Lordship of Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland) for 118 years with five monarchs: Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I. The Tudors succeeded the House of Plantagenet as rulers of the Kingdom of England, and were succeeded by the House of Stuart. The first Tudor monarch, Henry VII of England, descended through his mother from a legitimised branch of the English royal House of Lancaster, a cadet house of the Plantagenets. The Tudor family rose to power and started the Tudor period in the wake of the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), which left the main House of Lancaster (with which the Tudors were aligned) extinct in the male line. Henry VII succeeded in presenting himself as a candidate not only for traditional Lancastrian supporters, but also for discontented supporters of their rival Plantagenet cadet House of York, and he took the throne by right of conquest. Following his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field (22 August 1485), he reinforced his position in 1486 by fulfilling his 1483 vow to marry Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, thus symbolically uniting the former warring factions of Lancaster and York under the new dynasty (represented by the Tudor rose). The Tudors extended their power beyond modern England, achieving the full union of England and the Principality of Wales in 1542 (Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542), and successfully asserting English authority over the Kingdom of Ireland (proclaimed by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542). They also maintained the nominal English claim to the Kingdom of France; although none of them made substance of it, Henry VIII fought wars with France trying to reclaim that title. After him, his daughter Mary I lost control of all territory in France permanently with the fall of Calais in 1558.
- 3. Ascent to the throne[edit] The Tudors descended from King Edward III on Henry VII's mother's side from John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, one of the children of the 14th century English prince John of Gaunt, the third surviving son of Edward III. Beaufort's mother was Gaunt's long-term mistress Katherine Swynford. The descendants of an illegitimate child of English royalty would normally have no claim on the throne, although Gaunt and Swynford eventually married in 1396, when John Beaufort was 25. The church then retroactively declared the Beauforts legitimate by way of a papal bull the same year, confirmed by an Act of Parliament in 1397. A subsequent proclamation by John of Gaunt's son by his earlier wife Blanche of Lancaster, King Henry IV, also recognised the Beauforts' legitimacy but declared the line ineligible for the throne. Nevertheless, the Beauforts remained closely allied with Gaunt's descendants from his first marriage, the House of Lancaster, during the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. However the descent from the Beauforts, did not necessarily render Henry Tudor (Henry VII) heir to the throne, nor did the fact that his father's mother, Catherine of Valois, had been a Queen of England (although, this did make Henry VII the son of King Henry VI's half-brother). The legitimate claim was that of Henry Tudor's wife, Elizabeth of York, as daughter to Edward IV, and descendant of the second son of Edward III, Lionel, Duke of Clarence, and also his fourth son, Edmund, Duke of York. As she had no surviving brothers, Elizabeth had the strongest claim to the crown, but while she became queen consort, she did not rule as queen regnant; for the last attempt a female made at ruling in her own right had resulted in disaster when Henry II's mother, Empress Matilda, and Henry II's uncle, Stephen, King of England, fought bitterly for the throne in the 12th century.[2]
- 4. House of Tudor Tudor rose Parent house Tudors of Penmynydd Country •Kingdom of England •Kingdom of Ireland •Principality of Wales Founded 1485; 538 years ago Founder Henry VII Final ruler Elizabeth I
- 5. The red rose of Lancaster, the heraldic badge of the royal House of Lancaster, in its basic form
- 6. The white rose of York, heraldic badge of the royal House of York, in its basic form, blazoned: A rose argent barbed and seeded prope
- 7. Tudor monarchs of Englandand Ireland The six Tudor monarchs were:
- 8. Portrait Name Birth Accession date Marriages Death Claim Henry VII 28 January 1457 Pembroke Castle 22 August 1485 (crowned at Westminster Abbey on 30 October 1485) Elizabeth of York 21 April 1509 Richmond Palace aged 52 Descent from Edward III of England through his mother Lady Margaret Beaufort. Henry VIII (first King of Ireland)[α] 28 June 1491 Greenwich Palace 21 April 1509 (crowned at Westminster Abbey on 24 June 1509) (1) Catherine of Aragon (2) Anne Boleyn (3) Jane Seymour (4) Anne of Cleves (5) Catherine Howard (6) Catherine Parr 28 January 1547 Palace of Whitehall aged 55 Son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York Edward VI[α] 12 October 1537 Hampton Court Palace 28 January 1547 (crowned at Westminster Abbey on 20 February 1547) — 6 July 1553 Greenwich Palace aged 15 Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour
- 9. Jane[α] (disputed) 1537 Bradgate Park 10 July 1553 (never crowned) Lord Guildford Dudley 12 February 1554 executed at the Tower of London aged 16–17 Granddaughter of Henry VIII's sister, Mary (née Tudor), Duchess of Suffolk; succeeded on the claim that Mary and Elizabeth were illegitimate, per Edward Vi's will. Mary I[α] 18 February 1516 Palace of Placentia 19 July 1553 (crowned at Westminster Abbey on 1 October 1553) Philip II of Spain 17 November 1558 St James's Palace aged 42 Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon Elizabeth I[α] 7 September 1533 Greenwich Palace 17 November 1558 (crowned at Westminster Abbey on 15 January 1559) — 24 March 1603 Richmond Palace aged 69 Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
- 10. Henry VII
- 11. Upon becoming king in 1485, Henry VII moved rapidly to secure his hold on the throne. On 18 January 1486 at Westminster, he honoured a pledge made three years earlier and married Elizabeth of York[11] (daughter of King Edward IV). They were third cousins as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. The marriage unified the warring houses of Lancaster and York and gave the couple's children a strong claim to the throne. The unification of the two houses through this marriage is symbolized by the heraldic emblem of the Tudor rose, a combination of the white rose of York and the red rose of Lancaster. Henry VII and Elizabeth of York had several children, four of whom survived infancy: •Arthur, Prince of Wales (born 1486, died 1502) •Henry, Duke of York (born 1491, died 1547) •Margaret (born 1489, died 1541), who married James IV of Scotland •Mary (born 1496, died 1533), who married Louis XII of France Henry VII's foreign policy had an objective of dynastic security: witness the alliance forged with the marriage in 1503 of his daughte Margaret to James IV of Scotland and through the marriage of his eldest son. In 1501 Henry VII married his son Arthur to Catherine of Aragon, cementing an alliance with the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. The newlyweds spent their honeymoon at Ludlow Castle, the traditional seat of the Prince of Wales.[12] However, four months after the marriage, Arthur died, leaving his younger brother Henry as heir apparent. Henry VII acquired a papal dispensation allowing Prince Henry to marry Arthur's widow; however, Henry VII delayed the marriage. Henry VII limited his involvement in European politics. He went to war only twice: once in 1489 during the Breton crisis and the invasion of Brittany, and in 1496–1497 in revenge for Scottish support of Perkin Warbeck and for the Scottish invasion of northern England. Henry VII made peace with France in 1492 and the war against Scotland was abandoned because of the Western Rebellion of 1497. Henry VII came to peace with James IV in 1502, paving the way for the marriage of his daughter Margaret.[12] One of the main concerns of Henry VII during his reign was the re-accumulation of the funds in the royal treasury. England had neve been one of the wealthier European countries, and after the War of the Roses this was even more true. Through his strict monetary strategy, he was able to leave a considerable amount of money in the Treasury for his son and successor, Henry VIII. Although it is debated whether Henry VII was a great king, he certainly was a successful one if only because he restored the nation's finances, strengthened the judicial system and successfully denied all other claimants to the throne, thus further securing it for his heir.[13]
- 12. Elizabeth I
- 13. Age of intriguesand plots Elizabeth I, who was staying at Hatfield House at the time of her accession, rode to London to the cheers of both the ruling class and the common people. When Elizabeth came to the throne, there was much apprehension among members of the council appointed by Mary, because many of them (as noted by the Spanish ambassador) had participated in several plots against Elizabeth, such as her imprisonment in the Tower, trying to force her to marry a foreign prince and thereby sending her out of the realm, and even pushing for her death.[31] In response to their fear, she chose as her chief minister Sir William Cecil, a Protestant, and former secretary to Lord Protector the Duke of Somerset and then to the Duke of Northumberland. Under Mary, he had been spared, and often visited Elizabeth, ostensibly to review her accounts and expenditure. Elizabeth also appointed her personal favourite, the son of the Duke of Northumberland Lord Robert Dudley, her Master of the Horse, giving him constant personal access to the queen. Early years[edit] Elizabeth had a long, turbulent path to the throne. She had a number of problems during her childhood, one of the main ones being after the execution of her mother, Anne Boleyn. When Anne was beheaded, Henry declared Elizabeth an illegitimate child and she would, therefore, not be able to inherit the throne. After the death of her father, she was raised by his widow, Catherine Parr and her husband Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley. A scandal arose with her and the Lord Admiral to which she stood trial. During the examinations, she answered truthfully and boldly and all charges were dropped. She was an excellent student, well-schooled in Latin, French, Italian, and somewhat in Greek, and was a talented writer.[32][33] She was supposedly a very skilled musician as well, in both singing and playing the lute. After the rebellion of Thomas Wyatt the younger, Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower of London. No proof could be found that Elizabeth was involved and she was released and retired to the countryside until the death of her sister, Mary I of England.[34]