Types of hydro power plant
- 1. Sit Dolor Amet CLSSIFICATION OF HYDRO ELECTRIC PLANT Submitted by – Ankit Kumar EEE 3rd Sem (2019) Government Engineering college raipur
- 4. Availability of water flow (Means Hydro plant is depended upon water flow on that area) 1 2 3 Type - 1
- 5. RUN OFF RIVER PLANT WITHOUT PONDAGE / GRAVITY PLANT • It is a type of hydroelectric generation plant whereby little or no water storage is provided. • There is no control on water flow. • A plant without pondage is subject to seasonal river flows, thus the plant will operate as an intermittent energy source. • Generating capacity is primarily depending on the rate of flow of water • During low flow run-off periods , the generating capacity of power plant is low (Pondage usually refers to the comparably small water storage behind the weir of a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power plant) What is pondage -
- 6. Top view The Chief Joseph Dam is a Largest concrete gravity dam on the Columbia River, 2.4 km (1.5 mi) upriver from Bridgeport, Washington Exampl e
- 7. RUN OFF RIVER PLANT WITH PONDAGE • This type of plant is used to increase the capacity of pond , The pond is used as a storage water for hydro electric power plant • Increased the pond size means more water is available in the plant ,so such type of pound is used in electric power plant as needed. • This plant can be used on parts of the load curve requirement , within certain limitations • It is more useful than a plant without pondage or storage. Pondage
- 8. RESERVOIR PLANTS Most of the hydro-electric plants, everywhere in the world, belong to this category. • It carrying over storage from wet season to the next dry season • Water is stored behind the dam and is available to plant with proper control • It has better capacity and can be used through out year • It can be used as a base load plant or peak load plant as required • It can also be used on any portion of the load curve as required
- 9. EXAMPLE-Grand Coulee of reservoir plants. In U S A, KRASNOYARKS plant in USSR and BHAKRA plant in India are notable examples of reservoir plants.. Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej River in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh in northern India. The dam forms the Gobind Sagar reservoir. The dam, at 741 ft (226 m), is one of the highest gravity dams in the world (compared to USA's largest Oroville Dam at 770 ft). Grand Coulee Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington, built to produce hydroelectric power Height: 168 m Annual generation: 6,809 megawatts Installed capacity 1325 MW
- 10. AVAILABILITY OF WATER HEAD Type-2 (Head is the height difference between where the water enters into the hydro system and where it leaves it, and it is measured in meters) There are three types of hydroelectric power plants based on the height of water available in the reservoir, these are: 1) Low head hydroelectric power plants • water head is less than 30 meters or some time it has only few meter head. • river or pond is placed just behind the dam to create a necessary water head level . Water is led to the turbine through the penstock. • Since the head of water is very small in these hydroelectric power plants, they have lesser power producing capacity. What is water head -
- 11. LOW HEAD HYDRO PLANT – FLOW DIGRAM PENSTOCK HEAD
- 12. 2) Medium head hydroelectric power plants • more than 30 meters but less than 300 meters . • These are usually located in the mountainous regions where the rivers flows at high heights, • It has large reservoir (pondage) of water. • Medium head is more efficient than low head. MEDIUM HEAD HYDRO PLANT – FLOW DIGRAM HEAD
- 13. 3) High head hydroelectric power plants • Heads more than 300m • These are the most commonly constructed hydroelectric power plants • These are constructed across the rivers and it has surge tank. • Water is mainly stored during the rainy seasons and it can be used throughout the year • Thus the high head hydroelectric power plants can generate electricity throughout the year. HIGH HEAD HYDRO PLANT – FLOW DIGRAM High head
- 14. HOOV ER DAM IN USA - Example of high head power plant
- 15. ACCORDING TO THE TYPES OF LOAD SUPPLY a. Base load hydro electric power plant (load curve of power system -is how much power they will need to generate at any given time) • This plant work as a base portion of load curve of power system , that's why it is called base load plants. • Run off river plants without pondage and reservoir plants are used as base load plants. b. Peak load hydro electric power plant • This plant is suitable for peak load curve of power system . • when demand is high this type of plant do their job very well. • Run off river plants with pondage can be employed as peak load plants • It needs huge storage area, This type of plant can serve power throughout the year. Type - 3
- 16. c. Pumped storage hydro electric power plant for the peak load • Here two types of water pond is used , called upper head water pond and tail water pond • Two water ponds are connected each other by a penstock • Main generating pumping plant is in lower end. • it generating energy by pumping hence it called pumped storage.