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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 490
Underground Cable Fault Detection Using Arduino
Samruddhi Ghadage1, Neha Jadhav2, Rutuja Supnekar3 , Pratiksha Tulsankar4
1Samruddhi Ghadage , Department Of Electrical Engineering, Shree Santkrupa Institute Of Engineering
And Technology, Ghogaon-415111
2Neha Jadhav, Department Of Electrical Engineering, Shree Santkrupa Institute Of Engineering And
Technology, Ghogaon-415111
3Rutuja Supnekar, Department Of Electrical Engineering, Shree Santkrupa Institute Of Engineering And
Technology, Ghogaon-415111
4Pratiksha Tulsankar, Department Of Electrical Engineering, Shree Santkrupa Institute Of Engineering
And Technology, Ghogaon-415111
5Professor S.H.Mali, Department Of Electrical Engineering, Shree Santkrupa Institute Of Engineering And
Technology, Ghogaon-415111
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - In urban areas, electrical cables are intentionally
laid underground from overhead lines. The goal of this
experiment is to figure out how far underground cable failure
can travel. As a result, this technique is employed to pinpoint
the precise position of a network failure. This system uses
Arduino mcr. Therefore, if the system is shorted, the voltage
across the series resistance will change. Whenever a cable
failure occurs, the buzzer will generate an alarm to alert field
workers and take immediate action. With a series of resistors,
the current sense circuit node is now connected to the AM. A
kit that supports internal AOC devices. When deliveringdigital
data representing cable length in kilometers to a
microcontroller, the 16 * 2 LCD display shows line failuresand
distances.
Key words: ADC, LCD, arduino, relay, buzzer, etc.
1.INTRODUCTION
When fault show up for a few cause at that point it's miles
hard to discover the precise vicinity of fault in cable. So this
machine is used to discover precise vicinity of fault in cable
then ship an SMS with info to cell telecellsmartphone the
usage of GSM module. This task makes use of the same old
proposition of Ohms law . In high speed circuits, the voltage
across the collection resistor is proportional to the
resistance, which is proportional to the distance.Thenfed to
an ADC to broaden specific virtual facts which the
programmed microcontroller of 8051 own circleof relatives
shows in kilometers. The task are amassing with set of
resistance act for the cable period in km and the fault
introduction is made through a fixed of switches at every
recognized km to go take a look at the accuracy of the equal.
Then fault arise at a specific distance the respective section
together with the gap is displayed at the LCD after which
equal statistics ship to the involved authority cell
telecellsmartphone over GSM interfaced to the embedded
controller.
1.1.Related vacancies
I downloaded the software to my Arduino UNO kit to detect
faults in underground cables. If there is a fault in the
underground wiring, we can detect the faults using the
arduino test kit.LCD display with Kilometer errors. In this
project created actual errors. Cables come in many forms.
Always The cable has different resistance depending on the
material used. Here resistance is a key part of the project. If
any deviation occurs in the resistance, the voltage value will
change that point is called ERROR. Singe to findthose errors.
1.2.TYPES OF ERRORS
a) Short Circuit Error
A short circuit fault occurs when there is a failure of the
insulation installation between phase conductors insulation
failure results in the formation of a short circuit that causes
short circuit conditions in the region.
b) Open Circuit Error
An open circuit error occurs when the circuit is interrupted
by others failure. If the circuit does not close, it is called an
open circuit fault.
c) Earth Error
The error of the world is an indirect connection between an
empowered person operator and land . Return route for the
fault current is used in the suspension system by any
employees.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 491
2.BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig.-1: Block diagram of underground fence
Failure detection by ARDUINO
PREVENT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
1. Arduino board
2. Power supply
3. 16 x 2LCD display
4. GSM modem
5. Relay drive
Arduino board:
The Arduino consists of both a physically
programmable board and software, or an integrated
development environment that runs on your computer and
is used to write computer code anduploadittoyourphysical
board. Unlikemanyprevious programmable boards,Arduino
boards do not require any additional hardware to download
the new code. Use only USB cables. Arduino also uses a
simplified version of the IDE C++ language, making
programming easier to learn. This flexibility come with free
Arduino software, much cheaper hardware boards, and a
combination of software and hardware.
Power supply:
The project requires +5 volt and +12 volt power
supplies. +5 volts is given to the microcontroller board and
LCD display. +12 Volts are used for Relay and Relay Driver.
16 X 2LCD display:
Contains a user program area of RAM (Character
RAM) that can be programmed to generate any character
that can be formed using a dot matrix. To distinguish
between these two data areas, the hexadecimal command
byte 80H is used to indicate that the display RAM address
00H is selected. The display takes a lot of time to perform its
function. LCD bit 7 is monitored at logic high (busy) so that
the display is not overwritten. As with GSM mobile phones,
you’ll need a SIM card from your phone provider to work
with your.
GSM modem:
Cellular modems behave like dial-up modems. The
main difference between them is that dial-up modems send
and receive data over fixed telephone lines, and wireless
modems send and receive data over radio waves. As with
GSM mobile phones, a SIM card from the mobile phone
provider is required to operate the GSM modem. The
external GSM modem connects to your PC via a serial cable,
USB cable, Bluetooth, or infrared. As with GSM mobile
phones, a SIM card from the mobile phone provider is
required to operate the GSM modem.
Relay driver:
The output of the microcontroller is not enough to
drive the relay directly. Therefore, to drive a relay, use a
relay driver block that uses a transistor as a switch.
2.2. FOR EXAMPLE: B-Phase Gives an Error
Fig.-2: B-Phase error at a distance of 1KM
Software description- PROTEUS simulator:
Proteus Virtual System Modeling facilitates co-modeling of
complete microcontroller-based projects by combining
SPICE circuit modeling, light add-ons, and mixed-mode
microprocessor modes. This can be very useful and
enjoyable for consumers to deal with supplements. The
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 492
model used for implementation is Proteus Professional 7.0.
Proteus professional software for automaticarrangementof
digital circuits. Package Trading is a schematic modeling
device based primarily on Spice’s digital additive fashion.
The library contains a record of the co-modeling of the
microprocessor software in the combinedmodeoftheSPICE
simulator.
3.SOFTWARE OF ARDUINO BOARD
Programs written the usage of Arduino Software (IDE) are
called sketches. The message region offers remarks at the
same time as saving and exporting and additionally
presentations errors. The console presentations textual
content output via way of means of the Arduino Software
(IDE), which include entire error.
3.1.Simulation diagram:
Error modeling diagram
Fig.-3: Error modeling diagram
Error-free modeling diagram
Fig.-4: Error-free modeling diagram
4. CONCLUSION
We use the concept of Ohm's law so that we can
locate the fault. In this project, the Mega 328microcontroller
will be used to identify the location in kilometers from an
underground cable break from a base station to a short
circuit failure.
REFERENCES
1) J. Densely, ,,Aging Methods and Diagnostics of Cable
Diagnostics Review”,IEEE Electr. Mag. izolare,Volum. 17, ni.
1, pages 14-22, January/February.2001
2) madam. Che , DS Lee , X. Power Eng . 267–273, May 2005.
3) Tarlochan S. Sidhu, Jihan Xu, ,,Early Fault Recognition of
Underground Power Cables", IEEE Transactions on Power,
Vol. # 3 #3 #25 July 3, 2010
4) Kuan KK, Prof. Warwick, ,,Real-Time Expert Program for
ErrorsinUndergroundPowerCables",IEEEPROCEEDINGSC,
Vol. Nr. 3, May 1992
5) B. Craig, Identifizierungvon Erdkabelfehlern. New York:
McGraw Hill, 1993

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Underground Cable Fault Detection Using Arduino

  • 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 490 Underground Cable Fault Detection Using Arduino Samruddhi Ghadage1, Neha Jadhav2, Rutuja Supnekar3 , Pratiksha Tulsankar4 1Samruddhi Ghadage , Department Of Electrical Engineering, Shree Santkrupa Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Ghogaon-415111 2Neha Jadhav, Department Of Electrical Engineering, Shree Santkrupa Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Ghogaon-415111 3Rutuja Supnekar, Department Of Electrical Engineering, Shree Santkrupa Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Ghogaon-415111 4Pratiksha Tulsankar, Department Of Electrical Engineering, Shree Santkrupa Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Ghogaon-415111 5Professor S.H.Mali, Department Of Electrical Engineering, Shree Santkrupa Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Ghogaon-415111 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - In urban areas, electrical cables are intentionally laid underground from overhead lines. The goal of this experiment is to figure out how far underground cable failure can travel. As a result, this technique is employed to pinpoint the precise position of a network failure. This system uses Arduino mcr. Therefore, if the system is shorted, the voltage across the series resistance will change. Whenever a cable failure occurs, the buzzer will generate an alarm to alert field workers and take immediate action. With a series of resistors, the current sense circuit node is now connected to the AM. A kit that supports internal AOC devices. When deliveringdigital data representing cable length in kilometers to a microcontroller, the 16 * 2 LCD display shows line failuresand distances. Key words: ADC, LCD, arduino, relay, buzzer, etc. 1.INTRODUCTION When fault show up for a few cause at that point it's miles hard to discover the precise vicinity of fault in cable. So this machine is used to discover precise vicinity of fault in cable then ship an SMS with info to cell telecellsmartphone the usage of GSM module. This task makes use of the same old proposition of Ohms law . In high speed circuits, the voltage across the collection resistor is proportional to the resistance, which is proportional to the distance.Thenfed to an ADC to broaden specific virtual facts which the programmed microcontroller of 8051 own circleof relatives shows in kilometers. The task are amassing with set of resistance act for the cable period in km and the fault introduction is made through a fixed of switches at every recognized km to go take a look at the accuracy of the equal. Then fault arise at a specific distance the respective section together with the gap is displayed at the LCD after which equal statistics ship to the involved authority cell telecellsmartphone over GSM interfaced to the embedded controller. 1.1.Related vacancies I downloaded the software to my Arduino UNO kit to detect faults in underground cables. If there is a fault in the underground wiring, we can detect the faults using the arduino test kit.LCD display with Kilometer errors. In this project created actual errors. Cables come in many forms. Always The cable has different resistance depending on the material used. Here resistance is a key part of the project. If any deviation occurs in the resistance, the voltage value will change that point is called ERROR. Singe to findthose errors. 1.2.TYPES OF ERRORS a) Short Circuit Error A short circuit fault occurs when there is a failure of the insulation installation between phase conductors insulation failure results in the formation of a short circuit that causes short circuit conditions in the region. b) Open Circuit Error An open circuit error occurs when the circuit is interrupted by others failure. If the circuit does not close, it is called an open circuit fault. c) Earth Error The error of the world is an indirect connection between an empowered person operator and land . Return route for the fault current is used in the suspension system by any employees.
  • 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 491 2.BLOCK DIAGRAM Fig.-1: Block diagram of underground fence Failure detection by ARDUINO PREVENT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 1. Arduino board 2. Power supply 3. 16 x 2LCD display 4. GSM modem 5. Relay drive Arduino board: The Arduino consists of both a physically programmable board and software, or an integrated development environment that runs on your computer and is used to write computer code anduploadittoyourphysical board. Unlikemanyprevious programmable boards,Arduino boards do not require any additional hardware to download the new code. Use only USB cables. Arduino also uses a simplified version of the IDE C++ language, making programming easier to learn. This flexibility come with free Arduino software, much cheaper hardware boards, and a combination of software and hardware. Power supply: The project requires +5 volt and +12 volt power supplies. +5 volts is given to the microcontroller board and LCD display. +12 Volts are used for Relay and Relay Driver. 16 X 2LCD display: Contains a user program area of RAM (Character RAM) that can be programmed to generate any character that can be formed using a dot matrix. To distinguish between these two data areas, the hexadecimal command byte 80H is used to indicate that the display RAM address 00H is selected. The display takes a lot of time to perform its function. LCD bit 7 is monitored at logic high (busy) so that the display is not overwritten. As with GSM mobile phones, you’ll need a SIM card from your phone provider to work with your. GSM modem: Cellular modems behave like dial-up modems. The main difference between them is that dial-up modems send and receive data over fixed telephone lines, and wireless modems send and receive data over radio waves. As with GSM mobile phones, a SIM card from the mobile phone provider is required to operate the GSM modem. The external GSM modem connects to your PC via a serial cable, USB cable, Bluetooth, or infrared. As with GSM mobile phones, a SIM card from the mobile phone provider is required to operate the GSM modem. Relay driver: The output of the microcontroller is not enough to drive the relay directly. Therefore, to drive a relay, use a relay driver block that uses a transistor as a switch. 2.2. FOR EXAMPLE: B-Phase Gives an Error Fig.-2: B-Phase error at a distance of 1KM Software description- PROTEUS simulator: Proteus Virtual System Modeling facilitates co-modeling of complete microcontroller-based projects by combining SPICE circuit modeling, light add-ons, and mixed-mode microprocessor modes. This can be very useful and enjoyable for consumers to deal with supplements. The
  • 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 492 model used for implementation is Proteus Professional 7.0. Proteus professional software for automaticarrangementof digital circuits. Package Trading is a schematic modeling device based primarily on Spice’s digital additive fashion. The library contains a record of the co-modeling of the microprocessor software in the combinedmodeoftheSPICE simulator. 3.SOFTWARE OF ARDUINO BOARD Programs written the usage of Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. The message region offers remarks at the same time as saving and exporting and additionally presentations errors. The console presentations textual content output via way of means of the Arduino Software (IDE), which include entire error. 3.1.Simulation diagram: Error modeling diagram Fig.-3: Error modeling diagram Error-free modeling diagram Fig.-4: Error-free modeling diagram 4. CONCLUSION We use the concept of Ohm's law so that we can locate the fault. In this project, the Mega 328microcontroller will be used to identify the location in kilometers from an underground cable break from a base station to a short circuit failure. REFERENCES 1) J. Densely, ,,Aging Methods and Diagnostics of Cable Diagnostics Review”,IEEE Electr. Mag. izolare,Volum. 17, ni. 1, pages 14-22, January/February.2001 2) madam. Che , DS Lee , X. Power Eng . 267–273, May 2005. 3) Tarlochan S. Sidhu, Jihan Xu, ,,Early Fault Recognition of Underground Power Cables", IEEE Transactions on Power, Vol. # 3 #3 #25 July 3, 2010 4) Kuan KK, Prof. Warwick, ,,Real-Time Expert Program for ErrorsinUndergroundPowerCables",IEEEPROCEEDINGSC, Vol. Nr. 3, May 1992 5) B. Craig, Identifizierungvon Erdkabelfehlern. New York: McGraw Hill, 1993