Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Chapter 6 - Application Software

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
Chapter 6:
Application Software

2
Learning Objectives
1. Describe what application software is, the different
types of ownership rights, and the difference between
installed and Web-based software.
2. Detail some concepts and commands that many
software programs have in common.
3. Discuss word processing and explain what kinds of
documents are created using this type of program.
4. Explain the purpose of spreadsheet software and the
kinds of documents created using this type of program.

3
Learning Objectives
5. Identify some of the vocabulary used with database
software and discuss the benefits of using this type of
program.
6. Describe what presentation graphics and electronic
slide shows are and when they might be used.
7. List some types of graphics and multimedia software
consumers frequently use.
8. Name other types of application software programs and
discuss what functions they perform.

4
Software Ownership Rights
• Commercial software: Copyrighted software that is
developed usually by a commercial company, for sale to
others
• Shareware: Copyrighted software distributed on the
honor system; consumers should either pay for it or
uninstall it after the trial period
• Freeware: Copyrighted software programs that are given
away by the author for others to use free of charge
• Public domain software: Software that is not copyrighted
and ownership rights have been donated to the public
domain
• Open source software: Programs with source code made
available to the general public

Desktop vs. Mobile Software
• Mobile phones and mobile devices typically require
mobile software
– Specifically designed for a specific type of device
– Wide range of software available
5

6
Online Video
“Zillow iPhone App”
(click below to start video)
Reminder: The complete set of online videos and video podcasts are available at:
www.cengage.com/computerconcepts/np/uc13
Courtesy Zillow

7
Installed vs. Web-Based Software
• Installed software: Must be installed on the computer
before it can be run
– Can be purchased in physical form
– Can be downloaded from the Internet

8
• Web-based software:
Run directly from the
Internet
– Also called
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
and cloudware
– Includes free
software and fee-
based software
available via an
application service
provider (ASP)
Installed vs. Web-Based Software

9
Software Suites
• Software suite: Collection of software programs bundled
together and sold as a single software package
– Office suites are used by most businesses/individuals
to produce documents
• Typically include:
– Word processing software
– Spreadsheet software
– Database software
– Presentation graphics software
– Additional productivity tools like calendars,
messaging programs, or collaboration tools
– Provides a common interface among programs in the
suite

10
Common Software Commands
• Application programs today have a number of concepts
and commands in common
– Toolbars
– Menus
– Command buttons
– Keyboard
shortcuts
– Ribbon
– Mini toolbar

11
The Ribbon
• Used in Microsoft Office 2007 and later
• Commands are organized into groups located on tabs
• Contexual: Commands appear as they are appropriate

12
Editing a Document
• Editing a document: Changing the content of the
document, such as inserting or deleting words
– Insertion point: Indicates the current location in a
document, which is where the changes will be made
– Typing text will insert it
– Delete and Backspace key will delete text
– Text and objects can typically be selected to be
moved, copied, deleted, or formatted

13
Formatting a Document
• Formatting a document: Changing the appearance of the
document
– Changing font face, size, style, or color
– Changing line spacing or margins
– Adding page numbers or borders

14
Getting Help
• Help for software programs
– Often built into the program
• Table of Contents
• Browsing
• Search
– Online help (via manufacturer’s Web site and
independent sites)
– Offline help (periodicals, books, tutorial videos,
classes)

15
Word Processing Concepts
• Word processing: Using a computer and word
processing software to create, edit, save, and print
written documents such as letters, contracts, and
manuscripts
• Word processing software: Application software used to
create, edit, save, and print written documents
• Common programs:
– Microsoft Word
– Corel WordPerfect
– Apple Pages

16
Creating a Word
Processing Document
• Word wrap: Automatically returns the insertion point to
the next line when the end of the screen line is reached
• Character formatting (font face, size, style, or color)
• Paragraph formatting (line spacing, indentation, tabs,
alignment, and styles)
• Page formatting (margins, paper size, orientation,
headers, footers, etc)
• Document formatting (footnotes, end notes, table of
contents, index, background, theme)

17
Tables, Graphics, and Templates
• Tables: Allow content to be organized in a table
consisting of rows and columns
• Graphics or drawing features: Allow images to be
inserted into a document (clip art, photographs, drawn
images, etc.) and then modified
• Templates: Help users create new documents quickly

18
Word Processing on the Web
• Most word processing programs today include Web-
related features allowing you to:
– Send a document as an e-mail message
– Include Web page hyperlinks in documents
– Create or modify Web pages
– Create and publish blogs
– Collaborate with others online

19
Spreadsheet Concepts
• Spreadsheet software: Used to create electronic
spreadsheets
• Spreadsheets: Documents containing a group of
numbers and other data organized into rows and
columns
• Worksheet: A single spreadsheet
• Workbook: A collection of worksheets saved in a single
file
• Most widely used spreadsheet programs:
– Microsoft Excel
– Corel Quattro Pro
– Apple Numbers

20
Creating a Spreadsheet
• Worksheets are divided into rows and columns
• Cell: The intersection of a row and a column
– Each cell is identified by a cell address
– Cell pointer marks current cell
– Groups of cells are called ranges or blocks; can be
selected with mouse or keyboard
– Data is entered into current cell

21
Entering Data into a Spreadsheet Cell
• Cells can contain:
– Labels: Text-based entry in a worksheet cell that
identifies data on the worksheet
– Constant values: Numerical entry in a worksheet cell
– Formulas: Performs mathematical operations on the
content of other cells
• Usually reference cell address, not the current data
in a cell
• Use mathematical operators + - / * ^
• e.g. =B8+C8+D8
– Functions: Named programmed formula
• e.g. @SUM(B8..D8)

22
Absolute vs. Relative Cell Referencing
• Relative cell references: Cell addresses are adjusted as
the formula is copied
– The default in most spreadsheet programs
– e.g. B6
• Absolute cell references: Cell addresses are not
adjusted as the formula is copied
– Used when the formulas should always use the value
in a particular cell, regardless of in which cell the
formula is placed, such as for:
• Constant value (sales tax rate, etc.)
• Percent computation (always divide by total)
– e.g. $B$6

23
Charts and What-If Analysis
• Most spreadsheet programs include some type of
charting or graphing capability
– Can create charts from the data in the spreadsheet
(don’t have to reenter it)
– Charts change accordingly if the data in the
spreadsheet changes
• What-if analysis (sensitivity analysis) & Goal Seeking
– Allows you to change certain numbers on a
spreadsheet and immediately see the results of that
change
– Tool frequently used to help make business decisions

24
Spreadsheets and the Web
• Most spreadsheet programs have built-in Web
capabilities, such as to:
• Save the current worksheet as a Web page
• Insert hyperlinks inserted into worksheet cells
• Select and copy ranges of cells to a Web publishing or
word processing program to insert spreadsheet data into
a Web page as a table
• Collaborate online

25
Database Concepts
• Database: A collection of related data that is stored in a
manner enabling information to be retrieved as needed
• Database management system (DBMS): Software that
allows the creation and manipulation of an electronic
database
• Most widely used database programs
– Microsoft Access
– Oracle Database
– IBM DB2

26
Database Concepts
• Most PC-based databases are relational databases
and organized into fields (columns), records (rows),
and tables
– Field (column): A single type of data to be stored in a
database
– Record (row): A collection of related fields
– Table: collection of related records
– Database file: Collection of related tables

27
Database Concepts

28
Microsoft Access
• Databases contain a variety of objects (such as tables,
queries, forms, reports)

29
Creating a Database

30
Creating a Database – Entering Data

31
Queries and Reports
• Query: A question; a request for specific information
from the database
– Contains criteria to specify the records and fields to
be included in the query results
– Is named and saved so it can be run again at a later
time
– Results always include the current database data
• Reports: Created when a more formal output is desired
– Associated with either a table or a query
– Data is displayed in the specified format
– Does both summary and detail reporting

32
Queries

33
Databases and the Web
• Many Web sites use one or more databases to:
– Keep track of inventory
– Allow searching for people, documents, products, or
other information
– Place real-time orders
• Anytime you type keywords in a search site or hunt for a
product on a retail store’s Web site using its search
feature, you are using a Web database

34
Presentation Graphic Concepts
• Presentation graphic:
An image designed to
visually enhance a
presentation
– Can be used in
electronic slide
shows, as well as in
printed reports
• Slide: A one-page
presentation graphic
that can be displayed
in a group with others
to form an electronic
slide show

35
Microsoft PowerPoint
Corel Presentations Apple Keynote

36
Creating a Presentation
• Templates and preformatted slide layouts can often be used
• New slides can be added as needed
• Slides can contain a variety of elements
– Text
– Images
– Charts
– Audio clips
– Video clips
• Slides can be formatted as needed
• Multimedia and animation can be added to slides
– Animation
– Transitions

37
Finishing a Presentation
• Slide sorter view: Used to rearrange
the slide order
• Show can be set up to run
automatically or on mouse clicks
• Can add speaker notes, recorded
narration, etc.
• Can print the slides to create
overhead transparencies or an
audience handout
• Speaker tools:
– Speaker notes and pens
– Presenter view

38
Presentation Graphics and the Web
• Presentation graphics programs can be used to generate
Web pages or Web page content
• Slides can include hyperlinks
• Users can usually control Web-based presentations
accessed via a Web browser

39
Graphics and Multimedia Concepts
• Graphics: Graphical images, such as digital
photographs, clip art, scanned drawings, and original
images created using a software program
• Multimedia: Typically refers to any application that
contains more than one type of media
– Often used to refer to audio or video content
• Large variety of graphics and multimedia software, such
as to:
– Create or modify graphics
– Edit digital audio or video
– Play multimedia files
– Burn CDs and DVDs

40
Graphics Software
MS Paint
Adobe Illustrator,
CorelDRAW
PhotoShop,
Corel PaintShop Photo,
Apple iPhoto

41
Audio Editing Software
• Audio editing software: Used to create and edit audio
files (narrations, podcasts, etc.)
– Capture sound from a microphone
– Capture sound from a CD using ripping software
– Edit and apply special effects
– Windows Sound
Recorder, Apple
Garage Band, etc.

42
Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software
• Video editing software: Used to modify existing videos
– Prepare video clips for presentations or Web sites
• DVD authoring software: Used to create DVD content
– Importing videos, creating menus, burning onto a
DVD
• DVD burning software: Used to record data on
recordable or rewritable DVDs
– Roxio Creator, Apple iMovie/iDVD, etc.

43
Video Editing Software

44
Media Players
• Media players: Programs designed to play audio and
video files
– Music CDs, downloaded music, online audio
– Downloaded
and online video
– RealPlayer, Apple
QuickTime,
Windows Media
Player, etc.

45
Graphics, Multimedia, and the Web
• Graphics and multimedia software is often used by
individuals and businesses alike to create Web sites or
content to be shared via the Web
– Games
– Tutorials
– Videos
– Demonstrations
– Other content
• Creating multimedia Web sites is discussed in Chapter
10

46
Other Types of Application Software
• Desktop and personal publishing software
• Educational software
• Entertainment software
• Reference software
• Note taking software
and Web notebooks

47
Other Types of Application Software
• CAD and other types of design software
• Accounting and personal finance software
• Project management, collaboration, and
remote access software

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Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Chapter 6 - Application Software