Unit 1(1).pptx Program Logic Development

Unit No-1
Program Logic Development

• A set of rules that must be followed when
solving a particular problem.
• An algorithm is a procedure or formula for
solving a problem, based on conducting a
sequence of specified actions.
• The word Algorithm means “a process or set
of rules to be followed in calculations or other
problem-solving operations”
Algorithm

Characteristics of Algorithm :-
1)Input specified
An algorithm should have 0 or more well-defined inputs.Input precision requires that you know
what kind of data, how much and what form the data should be.
2)Output specified
An algorithm should have 1 or more well-defined outputs, and should match the desired
output.Output precision also requires that you know what kind of data, how much and what form the output
should be.
3)Definiteness
Algorithms must specify every step and the order the steps must be taken in the
process.Definiteness means specifying the sequence of operations for turning input into output. Algorithm
should be clear and unambiguousYou could not expect a computer to understand something if you yourself are
ambiguous about it.
4)Effectiveness
For an algorithm to be effective, it means that all those steps that are required to get to output must
be feasible with the available resources.It should not contain any unnecessary and redundant steps which could
make an algorithm ineffective.

Basic Convenctions for writing Alogorithms
1.Algorithm Name
Each algorith must have name so programer comes to know that what
algorithm is for.
2.Comments.
The Contains folled by is known as comments.
3.Input and Output
Proper input should be given to algorith so expected output is taken.
4.Steps
Numbers should be provided each rule or step.

Algorithm for Making Tea
Algorithm Name-Making Tea
Input- Water,Tea Leaves,Sugar,Gas,Stove,Utensil,Milk,cup.
Output- Tea
Step 1- Start
Step 2- Light Stove.
Step 3- Boil Water in utensil,put tea leaves and sugar in it.
Step 4- After Boiling it properly put milk in it.
Step 5- After boiling it properly serve it in Cup.
Step 6- Stop

Algorithm for Addition.
Algorithm Name-Addition of two Numbers.
Input- Two Numbers
Output- Addition of two Numbers.
Step 1- Start
Step 2- Declare variable NUM1,NUM2,ADD.
Step 3- Read values of NUM1 and NUM 2.
Step 4- Do addition of numbers and store it in third variable i.e.ADD.
ADD=NUM1+NUM2.
Step 5- Display ADD.
Step 6- Stop

Algorithm for Multiplication
Algorithm Name-Multiplication of two Numbers.
Input- Two Numbers
Output- Multiplication of two Numbers.
Step 1- Start
Step 2- Declare variable NUM1,NUM2,MUL.
Step 4- Do multiplication of numbers and store it in third variable i.e.MUL.
MUL=NUM1 * NUM2.
Step 5- Display MUL.
Step 6- Stop

Algorithm for Arithmetic Operations
Algorithm Name-Arithmetic Operations
Input- Two Numbers
Output- Addition,Substraction,Division,Multiplication of two Numbers.
Step 1- Start
Step 2- Declare variable NUM1,NUM2,ADD,SUB,DIV,MUL.
Step 4- Do addition of numbers and store it in third variable i.e.ADD.
ADD=NUM1+NUM2.
Step 5- Display ADD.
Step 6-Do Substraction of numbers and store it in third variable i.e.SUB.
SUB=NUM1 - NUM2.
Step 7- Display SUB.
Step 8-Do Division of numbers and store it in third variable i.e.DIV.
ADD=NUM1 / NUM2.
Step 9- Display DIV.
Step 10- Do multiplication of numbers and store it in third variable i.e.MUL.
MUL=NUM1 * NUM2.
Step 11- Display MUL.
Step 12- Stop

Examples for Home Work
• Write a algorithm for Finding Square of given
Number.
• Write a algorithm for Finding Cube of given
Number.

Algorithm for Area of Circle
Algorithm Name-Finding Area of Circle.
Input- Radius,AOC.
Output- Area of Circle.
Step 1- Start
Step 2- Declare variable RADIUS,AOC
Step 3- Read values of RADIUS.
Step 4- Calculate area of circle by using formulae
AOC=3.14 * Radius * Radius
Step 5- Display AOC.
Step 6- Stop

• Write a algorithm for Finding Area of Triangle
• Write a algorithm for Finding Area of
Cylinder.

Algorithm for finding greatest number from given 2
numbers
Algorithm Name-Finding Greatest number.
Input- NUM1 , NUM2.
Output- Display Greatest Number.
Step 1- Start
Step 2- Declare variable NUM1 ,NUM2
Step 3- Read values of NUM1 ,NUM2
Step 4- if NUM1 > NUM2
Display NUM1 is greater.
else,
Display NUM2 is greater.
Step 5- Stop

• Write a algorithm to check whether number is
even or odd.
• Write a algorithm to check whether number is
divisible by 5 or not.

Flowchart
 A flowchart is simply a graphical representation of
steps. It shows steps in sequential order and is widely
used in presenting the flow of algorithms, workflow or
processes.
Typically, a flowchart shows the steps as boxes of
various kinds, and their order by connecting them with
arrows.

Advantages Of Flowchart
• It is a convenient method of communication.
• It indicates very clearly just what is being done, where a program has
logical complexities.
• A key to correct programming.
• It is an important tool for planning and designing a new system.
• It clearly indicates the role-played at each level.
• It saves the inconveniences in future and serves the purpose of
documentation for a system.
• It provides an overview of the system and also demonstrates the
relationship between various steps.
• Facilitates troubleshooting.
• It promotes logical accuracy.
• It makes sure that no logical path is left incomplete without any action
being taken.

Disadvantages Of Flowchart
• The flowchart is a waste of time and slows down the process of software
development.
• The flowchart is quite costly to produce and difficult to use and manage.
• Flowcharts are not meant for man to computer communication.
• Sometimes the Complex logic of the program logic is quite complicated to
draw out on by using different defined shapes. In that case, flowchart
becomes complex and clumsy. This will become a pain for the user,
resulting in a waste of time and money trying to correct the problem
• If you need to modify or alternate the process then it will be very hard to do
in the flowchart. Because either you will have to erase the end of the
flowchart or start.

Unit 1(1).pptx Program Logic Development

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Unit 1(1).pptx Program Logic Development