Unite'd habitation, Le corbusier.
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The Unité d'Habitation in Marseille, France was Le Corbusier's first large-scale housing project completed in 1952. It consisted of 337 apartments spread across 18 floors designed with communal spaces like shops and a roof garden to encourage social interaction. The building used reinforced concrete and employed Le Corbusier's modular system to ensure proper human scale. It was an early example of high-density housing that influenced the Brutalist style through its use of exposed concrete construction.
Unite'd habitation, Le corbusier.
- 1. Unité d'Habitation (1952) Architect :- LE CORBUSIER PRESENTED BY, MAYUR WAGHULDE - 309139 GUIDED BY, PROF. JAYKISHOR PANDIT PROF. MEGHNA PARKAR SUBJECT :- CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE TIMELINE :- BRUTALISM
- 2. LE CORBUSIER (6 OCTOBER 1887 - 27 AUGUST 1965) Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris aka Le Corbusier was a Swiss- born French architect, designer, urban planner and writer. The main pioneer of MODERN ARCHITECTURE. His career spanned 5 decades and he designed buildings in Europe, Japan, India and North and South America. He viewed house as “a machine for living in”. He was awarded the “Australian Institute of Architects Gold Medal” in 1961 and also Grand Officer's of the legion d’Honneur” in 1964. Delved into city planning and designed Chandigarh. Died while swimming in Mediterranean sea on 27 august 1965. Ronchamp, Notre dame (1954) Villa Savoye, Poissy (1930) Unite’d habitation, Marseilles (1947) High Court, Chandigarh (1955) Project :- Ville Radieude (1930)
- 3. Unité d'Habitation, Marseille After World War II, the need for housing was at an unprecedented high. The Unite d’Habitation in Marseille, France was the first large scale project for the famed architect, Le Corbusier. In 1947, Europe was still feeling the effects of the Second World War, when Le Corbusier was commissioned to design a multi-family residential housing project for the people of Marseille that were dislocated after the bombings on France. Completed in 1952, the Unite d’ Habitation was the first of a new housing project series for Le Corbusier that focused on communal living for all the inhabitants to shop, play, live, and come together in a “vertical garden city.” With nearly 1,600 residents divided among 18 floors, the design requires an innovative approach toward spatial organization to accommodate the living spaces, as well as the public, communal spaces. Interestingly enough, the majority of the communal aspects do not occur within the building; rather they are placed on the roof. Unite d’Habitation is one of Le Corbusier’s most important projects, as well as one of the most innovative architectural responses to a residential building. So much so, that the Unite d’ Habitation is said to have influenced the Brutalist Style with the use of beton-brut concrete.
- 4. CONCEPT OF THE ARCHITECT It’s transoceanic , sustainable society, town houses feed and entertain thousands of passengers in a very limited space and project for the new concept of a common housing. The Unite d 'Habitation is bulky and looks like an ocean liner. This huge volume seems to float. The horizontal windows look like ship cabin windows. On the roof (roof garden) ventilation sculptures looks like the upper deck and the chimneys.
- 5. ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS Designed as a " vertical garden city' unlike villa construction. located on Boulevard Michelet, in the elegant suburbs of Marseille in France. Designed specifically to rehouse victims of destroyed neighbourhoods of the city after the 2nd World War and to put in place an innovative project. It is an early model building capable in anywhere positioned.
- 6. CONCEPT OF SPACE Le Corbusier deliver an analogue system modulor. Balance, series of Fibonacci (the mathemathecian), operating ratios of the human body and use of modulor in Unité d'habitation. Its not just a series of numbers with inner harmony but it is for a measurement system governing lengths, surfaces and volumes and everywhere maintains the human scale.
- 7. PLANNING We see that the commingling of residents was on the roof , which hosted various activities. The ground floor and the main corridors were designed to resemble the streets of a neighbourhood. Bright apartment covering the full width of the building, have sea view mountain view. Unlike most housing projects that have a “double-stacked”, Le Corbusier designed the units to span from each side of the building, as well as having a double height living space reducing the number of required corridors to one every three floors.
- 8. INTERIOR DESIGN The apartments are private. Located around internal central corridors. On one side of the hallway you enter the lower level of an apartment and on the other you may enter the upper level of the adjacent interconnected. Each unit has two floors connected by an internal staircase leading to the narrow bedrooms and a double-height space , living room with a wall around windows, allowing a complete picture of the landscape. Extending from one side of the building to another and provides balcony. The project is not completely free , the partition wall is load bearing , releasing the facades , and providing soundproofing from lead sheets. In the kitchen, shelves are sliding and moving, creating new opportunities
- 9. LIGHT AND SUN PROTECTION Innovations which resolve isolation and light problems with concrete shutters Balcony sun protections. Shelters exceeding from the main body building Apartments are covering the whole floor but allow to natural light and Ventilation to be permeable in both sides and also surround the apartments. Each apartment is decorated with a large glass wall Internal corridors are dark. The only source of light comes from the lights above doors.
- 10. BUILDING MATERIAL The materials used are reinforced concrete and glass, without ornaments and elegance. This reveals the greatness of possibilities using reinforced concrete as a natural material. Often referred to as the original inspiration of the Brutalist architecture and philosophy.
- 11. EXTERNAL STRUCTURE Located in a large park. The north side is blind due to cold winds. It consists of 337 apartments of different sizes , placed on the pilotis creating traffic areas below. Discloses the structural core , through the use of concrete balconies. Uses independent concrete structure, while the pay elements are prefabricated , so the apartments come and slide the frame.
- 12. TERRACE The roof becomes a garden terrace that has a 300 m running track, a club, a kindergarten, a gym, and a shallow pool. Beside the roof, there are shops, medical facilities, and even a small hotel distributed throughout the interior of the building. The Unite d’Habitation is essentially a “city within a city” that is spatially, as well as, functionally optimized for the residents.