Unix architecture | Operating System
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The document discusses the four layer architecture of UNIX systems: hardware, kernel, shell, and utilities. The kernel is the core component that manages processes, memory allocation, I/O, and communication between hardware and processes. It runs in privileged kernel mode while user programs run in unprivileged user mode. The shell provides an interface for users to interact with the operating system and run commands. Common shell types are Bourne and C shells. Utilities are programs that perform tasks for users like copying files. Multiple shells can run simultaneously to serve different users while only one kernel runs.
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