Use JSON to Slash Your Database Performance.pdf

WELCOME
Into the Box 2025: The Future is Dynamic!

Code Necromancer — Raising Legacy Code from the Dead
Bill Reese
• 25+ ye
a
rs of experience in full-st
a
ck
a
pplic
a
tion
a
nd web development
• Using ColdFusion since version 4
a
nd ColdBox
since version 2
• B
a
sed ne
a
r Orl
a
ndo Florid
a
• M
a
rried with three teen
a
gers
• Love Movies, Music
a
nd Photogr
a
phy
• Excited to be cre
a
ting BoxL
a
ng content for
CFC
a
sts
• This is my
f
irst time spe
a
king @ ITB
BReese@OrtusSolutions.com
Senior Developer - Ortus Solutions
@Studio7718

Bill Reese - Into The Box 2025
No hockey mask needed!
Use JSON to Slash Your
Database Performance

Collection of ways to deliver data directly from the database using JSON
• We will be using
a
simple demo d
a
t
a
b
a
se of movies
a
nd TV shows with rel
a
ted t
a
bles for
a
ctors, c
a
tegories
a
nd v
a
rious met
a
d
a
t
a
.
• We will be getting movie
a
nd TV show inform
a
tion from the d
a
t
a
b
a
se using di
ff
erent methods
a
nd delivering th
a
t d
a
t
a
to
a
nd from REST API endpoints.
• JSON D
a
t
a
Types = string, number, boole
a
n,
a
rr
a
y, object
1. Cl
a
ssic Method - Builds JSON document on
a
pplic
a
tion server using seri
a
lizing
a
nd
deseri
a
lizing function
a
lity.
vs
2. JSON Method - Builds JSON document on d
a
t
a
b
a
se server using built-in JSON function
a
lity.
What will we be doing?

Why would I want to use JSON in the Database?
Think di
ff
erently about your data. Does this get updated frequently?
• D
a
t
a
type conversion issues
• Less d
a
t
a
b
a
se tr
a
ns
a
ctions, connections, queries
• F
a
ster response time (
a
lmost
a
ll of the time)
• Less
a
pplic
a
tion server overhe
a
d
• Quick sub-object cre
a
tion
• Utilize In-Memory stor
a
ge of JSON documents
• Utilize Query C
a
ching of JSON documents

SQL Functionality Covered
Some of the things we will be using in this demo
Microsoft SQL Server Function
a
lity Covered
• FOR JSON PATH
• STRING_AGG
• STUFF & XML PATH
• JSON_QUERY
• OPENJSON
• OPENROWSET (Bulk)
• ISJSON
• STRING_ESCAPE
JSON Document Form
a
tting Topics
• Using l
a
bels to build node p
a
ths
• Adding
a
root node(s)
• D
a
t
a
type conversion
• When to esc
a
pe in strings
• Returning
a
n
a
rr
a
y or single object

Data Type Conversion
SQL use the following rules when converting your data to JSON
SQL Server data type JSON data type
char, nchar, varchar, nvarchar string
int, bigint,
fl
oat, decimal, numeric number
bit Boolean (true or false)
date, datetime, datetime2, time, datetimeo
ff
set string
varbinary, binary, image, timestamp/rowversion BASE64-encoded string
geometry, geography, other CLR types Not supported. These types return an error.
In the SELECT statement, use CAST or CONVERT, or use a CLR property or
method, to convert the source data to a SQL Server data type that can be
converted successfully to a JSON type. For example, use STAsText() for
the geometry type, or use ToString() for any CLR type. The type of the
JSON output value is then derived from the return type of the conversion that
you apply in the SELECT statement.
uniqueidenti
fi
er, money string

Testing
We will compare both versions and see how they stack up against each other.
Wh
a
t
a
re we testing?
• Request Response Time
• D
a
t
a
b
a
se Response Time
• D
a
t
a
b
a
se connections
• Memory Us
a
ge
Testing Output
• 1000 Records

Getting up and running
Application Setup
D
a
t
a
b
a
se Requirements
Microsoft SQL Server Version 2016+
COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL >= 130
CLOB en
a
bled
BULK permission required for Insert
a
nd upd
a
te method used
Demo App Inst
a
ll (Comm
a
ndBox)
Applic
a
tion Setup
1. Setup D
a
t
a
source
2. Cre
a
te Endpoints
3. Cre
a
te Models
4. Server start
Applic
a
tion Server Options
• BoxL
a
ng
• Lucee
• Adobe ColdFusion
NOTE: MySQL
a
nd PostgreSQL h
a
ve simil
a
r
function
a
lity

• Query output should be
a
rr
a
y form
a
t.
• Some documents m
a
y be too big
a
nd get split into sep
a
r
a
te rows in the
recordset. All rows of the
a
rr
a
y need to be combined to form the single JSON
String.
• JsonSqlRestHandler will h
a
ndle the SQL output
a
nd prep
a
re it for returning.
• returnStringJSON = Enc
a
psul
a
tes d
a
t
a
m
a
rsh
a
ling
• decodeSQLJSON = Combines recordset output into single string
• jsonMeta = Appends st
a
nd
a
rd REST nodes if desired
* This function
a
lity c
a
n be incorpor
a
ted using DI or through inherit
a
nce
Di
ff
erent Output Methods
Handling the JSON string from the database and how it is returned

JsonSqlRestHandler - returnStringJSON

JsonSqlRestHandler - decodeSQLJSON

JsonSqlRestHandler - jsonMeta
Only Needed if trying to mimic
CB st
a
nd
a
rd REST returns.

Read (Single Table)
Single Table
• FOR JSON PATH
{
"data": [
{
"showId": 70104894,
"title": "Friday the 13th",
"type": "Movie",
"releaseYear": 2009,
"rating": "R",
"durationMinutes": 97,
"durationSeasons": 0,
"dateAdded": "2020-01-01"
},
{
"showId": 70140450,
"title": "The IT Crowd",
"type": "TV Show",
"rating": "TV-MA",
"dateAdded": "2017-08-01"
}
],
"error": false,
"pagination": {
"totalPages": 1,
"maxRows": 0,
"offset": 0,
"page": 1,
"totalRecords": 0
},
"messages": []
}

Read (Lists)
Related Data as Displayable List
Output directly to UI
a
s
a
list of v
a
lues with no
need to inter
a
ct with or loop through the d
a
t
a
.
• FOR JSON PATH
• STRING_AGG
• XML PATH
{
"data": [
{
"showId": 70104894,
"type": "Movie",
"rating": "R",
"dateAdded": "2020-01-01",
"categories": "Horror Movies",
"cast": "Aaron Yoo, Jonathan Sadowski, Derek Mears, Arlen Escarpeta, Danielle
Panabaker, Amanda Righetti, Ryan Hansen, Travis Van Winkle, Julianna Guill, Ben Feldman,
Jared Padalecki",
"directors": "Marcus Nispel"
},
{
"showId": 70140450,
"title": "The IT Crowd",
"type": "TV Show",
"rating": "TV-MA",
"dateAdded": "2017-08-01",
"categories": "British TV Shows, Classic & Cult TV, International TV Shows",
"cast": "Richard Ayoade, Katherine Parkinson, Matt Berry, Chris O'Dowd"
}
],
"error": false,
"pagination": {
"totalPages": 1,
"maxRows": 0,
"offset": 0,
"page": 1,
"totalRecords": 0
},
"messages": []
}

Read (Objects)
Related Data as Array of Object with Properties
Ability to loop though
a
n
a
rr
a
y of objects
with properties.FOR JSON PATH
• FOR JSON PATH on Sub-queries
{
"data": [
{
"showId": 70104894,
"type": "Movie",
"rating": "R",
"dateAdded": "2020-01-01",
"categories": [
{
"category": "Horror Movies"
}
],
"cast": [
{
"name": "Aaron Yoo"
},
{
"name": "Amanda Righetti"
},
{
"name": "Arlen Escarpeta"
},
{
"name": "Ben Feldman"
},
{
"name": "Danielle Panabaker"
},
{
"name": "Derek Mears"
},
{
"name": "Jared Padalecki"
},
…

Read (Strings)
Related Data as Array of Strings
Ability to loop through
a
n
a
rr
a
y of strings
or other simple d
a
t
a
type.
• FOR JSON PATH
• STRING_AGG
• JSON_QUERY
{
"data": [
{
"showId": 70104894,
"type": "Movie",
"rating": "R",
"dateAdded": "2020-01-01",
"categories": [
"Horror Movies"
],
"cast": [
"Aaron Yoo",
"Amanda Righetti",
"Arlen Escarpeta",
"Ben Feldman",
"Danielle Panabaker",
"Derek Mears",
"Jared Padalecki",
"Jonathan Sadowski",
"Julianna Guill",
"Ryan Hansen",
"Travis Van Winkle"
],
"directors": [
"Marcus Nispel"
]
},
…

Read (Custom)
Custom formatted and Related Data as Array of Object with Properties
• FOR JSON PATH
• STRING_AGG
• JSON_QUERY
• ROOT Node
• PATH L
a
bel Nodes
• D
a
t
a
Type Conversion
{
"data": [
{
"showId": 70104894,
"type": "Movie",
"meta": {
"Release Year": 2009,
"rating": "R",
"duration": {
"minutes": 97,
"seasons": 0
},
"dateAdded": "01/01/2020"
},
"search": {
"categories": [
{
"categoryID": 1,
"Category": "Horror Movies",
"slug": "horror-movies"
}
]
},
"people": {
"cast": [
"Aaron Yoo",
"Amanda Righetti",
"Arlen Escarpeta",
"Ben Feldman",
"Derek Mears",
"Jared Padalecki",
"Julianna Guill",
"Ryan Hansen",
"Travis Van Winkle"
],
"directors": [
"Marcus Nispel"
]
}
}
…

Read (Single Custom)
Single record custom formatted object
• FOR JSON PATH
• WITHOUT_ARRAY_WRAPPER
{
"showId": 70104894,
"type": "Movie",
"meta": {
"Release Year": 2009,
"rating": "R",
"duration": {
"minutes": 97,
"seasons": 0
},
"dateAdded": "01/01/2020"
},
"search": {
"categories": [
{
"categoryID": 1,
"Category": "Horror Movies",
"slug": "horror-movies"
}
]
},
"people": {
"cast": [
"Aaron Yoo",
"Amanda Righetti",
"Arlen Escarpeta",
"Ben Feldman",
"Derek Mears",
"Jared Padalecki",
"Julianna Guill",
"Ryan Hansen",
"Travis Van Winkle"
],
"directors": [
"Marcus Nispel"
]
}
}

Read (Flat File)
Read a JSON text
fi
le from SQL into a query
• OPENROWSET
• BULK Insert

Read (JSON Variable)
Pass a JSON string into a query
This will be used in the next ex
a
mples.
• OPENJSON
[ { show }, { show } ]

Writing to the database using JSON
• OPENJSON
• BULK Insert
[ { show }, { show } ]
• Create Record(s) Example
Insert one or more records from a JSON string into a table
• Update Record(s) Example
Update one or more records in the database from JSON string nodes
• Delete Record(s) Example
Delete one or more records using nodes in a JSON string

Putting It All Together
Lets use everything we learned and see what we can do!
• Get custom form
a
tted JSON for
a
ll records
• Insert into memory optimized SQL t
a
ble
• Return
a
ll rows from memory optimized t
a
ble
• Query c
a
che results
How long will the query t
a
ke to get the JSON b
a
ck?

Things to look out for
Some things that may trip you up
• D
a
t
a
Type conversion f
a
ilures - i.e. Use
a
string for
a
number. Utilize CAST or CONVERT.
• An error occurred during the current comm
a
nd (Done st
a
tus 0). JSON text is not properly
form
a
tted. Unexpected ch
a
r
a
cter ‘P’
Find the column(s)
a
nd wr
a
p it with STRING_ESCAPE
• NULLS - Node will not show, if expected use ISNULL
• C
a
se Sensitivity - Write the w
a
y it should be returned, w
a
tch t
a
ble
a
li
a
s with
a
uto
• Keep rel
a
ted nodes together - D
a
t
a
will dis
a
ppe
a
r
• Document Size vs Ch
a
r
a
cter Limits - JSON_VALUE will trunc
a
te @ 4000 ch
a
r
a
cters, use
JSONQUERY
• B
a
d / Duplic
a
te L
a
bels - G
a
rb
a
ge in g
a
rb
a
ge out

Qb Example
Lets use qb to get similar results
• Cl
a
ssic QB
• JSON QB
• Using Custom Gr
a
mm
a
r File
• Custom Edits to h
a
ndle JSON function
a
lity

Thank You
www.linkedin.com/in/studio7718/
GitHub.com/Studio7718/SQLJSONDEMO/

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