Using Developer Information as a Prediction Factor
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The document discusses using developer information to improve fault prediction in software systems. It analyzes data from multiple releases of four different software systems totaling over 20 years of data. Adding variables related to the number of developers who modified a file and whether developers were new improves predictions slightly, but factors like file size and whether a file was new or changed are much more important predictors of faults. The best models using these factors identified the top 20% of files that contained over 80% of the faults on average.
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Presented at:
11th Joint Conference On Knowledge-Based Software Engineering, JCKBSE, Volgograd, Russia, 2014
Get full text of publication at:
http://rakeshrana.website/index.php/work/publications/
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Version 2.2
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Vaibhav Gupta BAML: AI work flows without Hallucinations
Vaibhav Gupta BAML: AI work flows without Hallucinationsjohn409870 Shipping Agents
Vaibhav Gupta
Cofounder @ Boundary
in/vaigup
boundaryml/baml
Imagine if every API call you made
failed only 5% of the time
boundaryml/baml
Imagine if every LLM call you made
failed only 5% of the time
boundaryml/baml
Imagine if every LLM call you made
failed only 5% of the time
boundaryml/baml
Fault tolerant systems are hard
but now everything must be
fault tolerant
boundaryml/baml
We need to change how we
think about these systems
Aaron Villalpando
Cofounder @ Boundary
Boundary
Combinator
boundaryml/baml
We used to write websites like this:
boundaryml/baml
But now we do this:
boundaryml/baml
Problems web dev had:
boundaryml/baml
Problems web dev had:
Strings. Strings everywhere.
boundaryml/baml
Problems web dev had:
Strings. Strings everywhere.
State management was impossible.
boundaryml/baml
Problems web dev had:
Strings. Strings everywhere.
State management was impossible.
Dynamic components? forget about it.
boundaryml/baml
Problems web dev had:
Strings. Strings everywhere.
State management was impossible.
Dynamic components? forget about it.
Reuse components? Good luck.
boundaryml/baml
Problems web dev had:
Strings. Strings everywhere.
State management was impossible.
Dynamic components? forget about it.
Reuse components? Good luck.
Iteration loops took minutes.
boundaryml/baml
Problems web dev had:
Strings. Strings everywhere.
State management was impossible.
Dynamic components? forget about it.
Reuse components? Good luck.
Iteration loops took minutes.
Low engineering rigor
boundaryml/baml
React added engineering rigor
boundaryml/baml
The syntax we use changes how we
think about problems
boundaryml/baml
We used to write agents like this:
boundaryml/baml
Problems agents have:
boundaryml/baml
Problems agents have:
Strings. Strings everywhere.
Context management is impossible.
Changing one thing breaks another.
New models come out all the time.
Iteration loops take minutes.
boundaryml/baml
Problems agents have:
Strings. Strings everywhere.
Context management is impossible.
Changing one thing breaks another.
New models come out all the time.
Iteration loops take minutes.
Low engineering rigor
boundaryml/baml
Agents need
the expressiveness of English,
but the structure of code
F*** You, Show Me The Prompt.
boundaryml/baml
<show don’t tell>
Less prompting +
More engineering
=
Reliability +
Maintainability
BAML
Sam
Greg Antonio
Chris
turned down
openai to join
ex-founder, one
of the earliest
BAML users
MIT PhD
20+ years in
compilers
made his own
database, 400k+
youtube views
Vaibhav Gupta
in/vaigup
[email protected]
boundaryml/baml
Thank you!
AI and Data Privacy in 2025: Global Trends
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- Zugriff auf die Konsole
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Increasing Retail Store Efficiency How can Planograms Save Time and Money.pptx
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Using Developer Information as a Prediction Factor
- 1. Using Developer Information as a Factor for Fault Prediction May 20, 2007 Elaine Weyuker Tom Ostrand Bob Bell AT&T Labs – Research
- 2. GOAL : To determine which files of a software system with multiple releases are particularly likely to contain large numbers of faults.
- 3. Because this should allow us to build highly dependable software systems more economically by allowing us to better allocate testing effort and resources, including personnel. Prioritize testing. Why is this important?
- 4. Infrastructure Projects use an integrated change management/version control system. Any change to the software requires that a modification request (MR) be opened. MRs include information such as the reason that the change is to be made, a description of the change, a severity rating, the actual change, development stage during which the MR was initiated.
- 5. Explanatory Variables Size of file - log(KLOC) Age of file – 0, 1, 2-4, >4. New to the current release, and if not, whether it was changed during prior release? Sqrt(number of changes in the previous release) Sqrt(number of changes two releases ago). Sqrt(number of faults in the previous release). Programming language used.
- 6. Systems Studied 84% 9 years Maintenance Support 75% 2.25 years Voice Resp 83% 2 years Provisioning 83% 4 years Inventory 20% Files Period Covered System Type
- 7. Maintenance Support System Developed and maintained by a different company. Very mature system - 9 years of field data. The 20% of the files identified by our model contained 84% of the faults.
- 8. Adding Developer Information to Improve Predictions for Changed Files The number of developers who modified the file during the prior release. The number of new developers who modified the file during the prior release. The cumulative number of distinct developers who modified the file during all releases through the prior release. NB: Don’t know who created the file.
- 9. Cumulative Number of Developers After 20 Releases (526 Files, Mean 3.54)
- 10. Mean Cumulative Number of Developers by File Age (Age 20 = 3.54)
- 11. Proportion of Changed Files with Multiple Developers by File Age
- 12. Proportion of Changed Files with at Least 1 New Developer by File Age
- 13. Percentage Faults in Identified 20% Files 84.9 83.9 Mean Rel 6-35 92 92 31-35 91 90 26-30 88 89 21-25 86 84 16-20 73 71 11-15 79 78 6-10 With Developers W/O Developers Release Number
- 14. Conclusions Using developer information helps, but only a little bit. Factors like size and whether or not the file is new or changed are much more important.