Vector space model of information retrieval
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The document discusses different theories used in information retrieval systems. It describes cognitive or user-centered theories that model human information behavior and structural or system-centered theories like the vector space model. The vector space model represents documents and queries as vectors of term weights and compares similarities between queries and documents. It was first used in the SMART information retrieval system and involves assigning term vectors and weights to documents based on relevance.
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Hi Dr. Clark and Classmates,
Through my assigned reading for week 1, I've learned that one-third of large U.S. businesses selected non-Human Resources managers to operate in top tier executive positions. Consequently, the most successful Human Resource executive do have prior Human Resources experience so for the select few managers without a Human Resource background that get the opportunity to serve in a Human Resource executive will increase their probability of successful career progression. The new tentative transition for businesses is to outsource the majority of their Human Resource operational needs to large Human Resource firms that service multiple businesses. Many frequently utilized services will be offered to employees online in order to address the increased demand for specialized Human Resource services as well as shorten response times and increase efficiency.
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Develop a hypothetical research scenario that would warrant the application of the case study.
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Develop a hypothetical research scenario that would warrant the application of the ethnographic, narrative or phenomenological approach.
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Chao Wrote Some trends that influence human resource are, Leade.docx
Chao Wrote Some trends that influence human resource are, Leade.docxketurahhazelhurst Chao Wrote:
Some trends that influence human resource are, Leadership Development and Learning Opportunities, Data and Analytics, Compliance and Regulation, Controlling and Containing Costs, and More Competition for Talent. But the one that I like and think its much important is leadership development and learning opportunity because in this role, companies give the employees the opportunity to learn and grow with the leadership training and this will show employees that the company wants employee to be more engage. Plus, this kind of program can also help nurture leadership abilities and professional development. The other trend I think that plays a very important role is knowing the compliance and regulations because in this area, compliance and regulation changes all the time and companies need to be more pro-active and make changes as they have updates with any new compliance or regulations. For this, many companies turn to technology solutions to minimize the costs and resources devoted to this task, freeing up HR professionals to focus on other aspects of their work. Some strategic resource examples include recruitment, learning and development, compensation, and performance appraisal.
Quane Wrote:
Hi Dr. Clark and Classmates,
Through my assigned reading for week 1, I've learned that one-third of large U.S. businesses selected non-Human Resources managers to operate in top tier executive positions. Consequently, the most successful Human Resource executive do have prior Human Resources experience so for the select few managers without a Human Resource background that get the opportunity to serve in a Human Resource executive will increase their probability of successful career progression. The new tentative transition for businesses is to outsource the majority of their Human Resource operational needs to large Human Resource firms that service multiple businesses. Many frequently utilized services will be offered to employees online in order to address the increased demand for specialized Human Resource services as well as shorten response times and increase efficiency.
Strategic Human Resource Management is the process of determining ways to evaluate an organization's unique Human Resources need and create a plan that facilitates the establishment and maintenance of efficient personnel management systems that support the short term and long term functionality and sustained growth of an organization.
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Develop a hypothetical research scenario that would warrant the application of the case study.
What type of approach within the qualitative method would be used? Why or why not?
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Develop a hypothetical research scenario that would warrant the application of the ethnographic, narrative or phenomenological approach.
What type of design would be best utilized along with this approach?
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What are the strengths ...
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4. Comparison of interviews in pairs from couples to conceptualize relationship issues and understand both partner's perspectives.
5. Comparison of interviews from several couples to identify criteria for comparing couples, hypothesize about relationship patterns, and develop typologies.
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THE-USE-OF-THEORY.pptxPrincessMosquedaRetu The document discusses the use of theory in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research. It states that theory provides explanations or predictions about relationships among variables in quantitative studies. Qualitative research may employ theory as a broad explanation or theoretical lens. Grounded theorists generate theories from qualitative data. Mixed methods research uses social science or transformative frameworks to inform all aspects of the study design and interpret both quantitative and qualitative data, with the goal of improving people and society in the case of transformative frameworks.
Data Mining for Education. Ryan S.J.d. Baker, Carnegie Mellon University
Data Mining for Education. Ryan S.J.d. Baker, Carnegie Mellon Universityeraser Juan José Calderón Data Mining for Education
Ryan S.J.d. Baker, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
[email protected]
Article to appear as
Baker, R.S.J.d. (in press) Data Mining for Education. To appear in McGaw, B., Peterson, P.,
Baker, E. (Eds.) International Encyclopedia of Education (3rd edition). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
This is a pre-print draft. Final article may involve minor changes and different formatting.
Lecture 1 research methods
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Chapter 5 theory and methodology 
Chapter 5 theory and methodology grainne This document provides an overview of theoretical perspectives and methodologies used in learning design research. It discusses how researchers come from a variety of disciplines including education, computer science, psychology, and more. Common theoretical perspectives discussed include sociocultural theories like cultural historical activity theory, communities of practice, and actor network theory. Methodologies used include qualitative approaches like ethnography, case studies, and action research as well as quantitative content analysis and evaluation. The relationship between theories, methods, and different epistemological stances is also examined.
Theoretical & framework
Theoretical & frameworkBP KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HELATH SCIENCS,, NEPAL The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for developing hypotheses, observations, research designs, and interpretations in a research study. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. Developing a framework involves selecting concepts, identifying their relationships, defining the concepts operationally, and formulating a theoretical rationale based on literature. Frameworks guide the research process and can be tested through descriptive, explanatory, or predictive research depending on the theory. Nursing frameworks help define nursing's unique phenomena of interest.
The Case StudyMany disciplines use various forms of the ca.docx
The Case StudyMany disciplines use various forms of the ca.docxmamanda2 The Case Study
Many disciplines use various forms of the case study to examine an individual or phenomenon within a specified context. The approach and application of case study designs also can vary widely between various disciplines such as medicine, law, and the social sciences. However, in the social and behavioral sciences, case studies are often referred to as uncontrolled studies. Yin (2013) defined the case study as an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon within its real-world context, when the boundaries between phenomena and context are not clearly evident, in which multiple data sources are used. Yin referred to the case study as a “method” as opposed to confining it to only an approach or a “tradition” within the various forms of qualitative research (e.g., Creswell, 2012). Generally, the focus of the case study is on developing a narrative or revealing a phenomenon based on an in-depth, real-time, or retrospective analysis of a case. Therefore, issues related to experimental control and internal validity are nonfactors within this approach. Although case studies do not infer causation and the results should not be generalized, the findings can provide rich insight toward phenomena and serve as support for theories and the generation of hypotheses. However, if desired, Yin does offer approaches and models for researchers interested in attempting to infer causation from case study designs (which differs from QCA analysis).
The emphasis in a case study is primarily the qualitative method; however, cross sections of quantitative data are usually collected as supplementary data throughout the analyses (see mixed method embedded case study design). The label of case study is often applied to many social science examinations as a catchall term, many times misapplying the concept (Malcolm, 2010). However, the case study design can be applied to any of the approaches within the qualitative method, such as the most commonly applied narrative and phenomenological approach in psychology (Singer & Bonalume, 2010a) or the ethnographic approach in education (Creswell, 2014). Creswell took a different angle than Yin (2013) regarding the type and description of designs for the case study. Gall, Gall, and Borg (2007) succinctly described a case study “as (a) the in-depth study of (b) one or more instances of a phenomenon (c) in its real-life context that (d) reflects the perspective of the participants involved in the phenomenon” (p. 447).
Confusion does arise when authors use different terminology for similar constructs. These semantic differences can be seen in the work of Yin, who uniquely defined and applied the terms holistic and embedded (see Appendix B) differently than their traditional uses; for example, the term embedded has an entirely different meaning when used by Creswell. Another example of this is the term case study design, used within the qualitative method and most often associated with the ethnographic and phenomeno.
The Case StudyMany disciplines use various forms of the ca.docx
The Case StudyMany disciplines use various forms of the ca.docxarnoldmeredith47041 The document discusses various qualitative research methods including case studies, grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative research. It provides details on the definitions, typical procedures, and appropriate uses for each method. Key points include that case studies involve an in-depth analysis of a real-world phenomenon in its natural context, grounded theory is used to build theory inductively from data, ethnography focuses on understanding cultures from the perspective of participants, and narrative research uses stories to understand human experiences.
2. theoretical framework
2. theoretical frameworkBP KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HELATH SCIENCS,, NEPAL The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a study. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. Developing a framework involves selecting concepts, identifying relationships between them, defining concepts operationally, and formulating a theoretical rationale through literature review. Frameworks guide research by informing hypothesis development and data analysis. Descriptive theories classify phenomena while explanatory theories specify relationships and predictive theories predict relationships. Frameworks must be clearly identified and consistent with the research topic.
Writing the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of a Quantitative Research
Writing the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of a Quantitative Researchschool This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks in research. It defines a theory as a set of constructs, definitions, and propositions that explain phenomena. The theoretical framework comprises concepts and theories that guide a study. The conceptual framework provides the scope and range of a concept and discusses how theories combine. Important purposes of a conceptual framework include identifying the research problem and connecting variables to hypotheses. Key steps in constructing a conceptual framework involve examining keywords and variables, selecting an applicable theory, and describing the theory's relevance. Examples of conceptual frameworks include the IV-DV model and IPO model.
In house training 151114 qualitative research
In house training 151114 qualitative researchHiram Ting The document provides an overview of a training on qualitative research procedures conducted by Hiram Ting Huong Yiew. It begins with acknowledgments and an introduction of the instructor's background and experience in research. The contents section outlines topics to be covered, including research paradigms, designs, approaches, mixed-methods, and an overview of qualitative research. Examples and comparisons are provided between qualitative and quantitative research.
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Vector space model of information retrieval
- 1. BY NANTHINI R O II – MLIS PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY
- 2. Theory based approach to design various aspects of information retrieval systems Based on a set of principles and assumptions Theory drives experiment by suggesting new ways and means of doing tests Experiment drives theory by justifying or helping to improve the model
- 3. Cognitive or user centered ◦ Human information behaviour models ◦ Eg: Wilson’s model, Dervin’s model, Ellis’s model, Bates’s model, Kulthau’s model, etc... Structural or system centered ◦ Classical models based on logical and mathematical principles ◦ Eg: Boolean search model, Vector Space model, probabilistic model, etc...
- 4. Also called as ‘term vector model’ or ‘vector processing model’ Represents both documents and queries by term sets and compares global similarities between queries and documents used in information filtering, information retrieval, indexing and relevancy rankings first use was in the SMART Information Retrieval System
- 5. term vectors are assigned for the keywords of the documents and weights are provided according to relevance to compare different texts and retrieve relevant records similar to the queries terms are single words, keywords, or longer phrases If words are chosen to be the terms, the dimensionality of the vector is the number of words in the vocabulary (the number of distinct words occurring in the corpus)
- 6. BASICS: (i and j are 2 documents, k – term, t – last term) ◦ Denotes the sum of the weights of all properties of a vector ◦ Denotes the sum of products of corresponding term weights for two vectors
- 7. ◦ Denotes the sum of minimum component weights of the corresponding two vectors Similarity coefficients ◦ The Dice Coefficient ◦ The Jaccard Coefficient acc. to Salton and McGill
- 8. Let the weights for the index terms assigned to two documents i and j be as follows: Doci = 3,2,1,0,0,0,1,1 Docj = 1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0
- 9. = 2 [(3*1)+(2*1)+(1*1)+(0*0)+(0*0)+(0*1)+(1*0)+(1*0)] (3+2+1+0+0+0+1+1)+(1+1+1+0+0+1+0+0) =12/12 = 1
- 10. = 6/(12-6) = 1