VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION FOR ACCIDENT-AVOIDANCE SYSTEM

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1516
VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION FOR ACCIDENT-AVOIDANCE
SYSTEM
Ramya KV1, Harsha N Kulkarni2, Shivashankar N3 , Sanjay Kumar V4
1Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, India
234Student, ECE, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The main aim of the project is to develop a
system where one can avoid accidents while travelling in a
vehicle. Now a days the rate of accidents is increasing due to
lack of awareness of the driver while driving a vehicle and
some maybe because of brake failure. The system includes a
specific application of wireless communication or
Automotive Wireless Communication which is also calledas
vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Vehicle to Vehicle
communication is the wireless transmissionofdata between
two or more vehicles. The main aim of Vehicle-to- Vehicle
communication is to avoid accidents while vehicles are in
movement to send the position and speed data to one
another. The main aim of this project is to provide safe and
comfortable journey to the driver and to the people around
the driver. Arduino controller acts as a heart of the system
where the entire communication betweenvehiclesiscarried
out. When a vehicle approaches nearby, an alert will be sent
to the driver through buzzer and will be displayed on the
LCD display and when a vehicle approaches nearby the
speed will be reduced automatically. This action is carried
out Automatically regardless the movement of the vehicle.
The goal is to avoid collision of vehicles and improve the
efficiency and safety to the vehicles, passengers, and people
around.
Key Words: Vehicle-to-VehicleCommunication,Wireless
transmission, Automotive wireless communication,
Arduino controller, buzzer, LCD Display
1.INTRODUCTION
In an era of rising in technology when concerned to road
safety, is rising rapidly day by day and are making roads
safer and smarter. Since today everything in our world is
evolving technology in such a waythatall thedevicesaround
us is connected to the internet. To improve the road safety
using the help of technology, a system has been established
which is also known as Intelligent Transport System (ITS).
The use of sensors is increasing day by day to make things
around us smarter. The use of sensors in vehicles haveled to
communicate each other and leads to an application where
accidents or collision of vehicles can be avoided. These
vehicles which are connected to each other actsasa building
block where the safety and comfort driving can be achieved.
Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V) communication is a substructure
where transmission of data between the vehicles take place.
This use of V2V communication has helped in lane
departure, parking, Adaptive cruise control andinblindspot
detection. The idea is that if communication can happen
between vehicles, then collision or accidents can be
prevented even before happening by makinguseofa buzzer.
This use of buzzer can help the driver during nighttime
where the buzzer turns ON every 25 minutes and the driver
turns OFF the buzzer which indicates that the driver is not
sleepy. This system can be installed in completely automatic
or semi-automatic vehicles.
In India, the main reason why accidentshappenisbecauseof
drink and driving, drowsiness and because of brake failure
because of bad design of braking system. The records of
government road transport surveyshowthat,theaccidentin
the year 2018 is 4.61 lakhs with death of 1.47 lakh andmany
injured. The system which we are designing has high
efficiency, cost efficient and a real time solution to all these
problems which are mentioned above.
2. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
The system is designed in such a way that the connection is
established between two vehicles where the other vehicle is
taken as a reference through the connection of Bluetooth.
Here in this Project Master is Arduino Mega (which is
Referred as Main vehicle) and slave is Arduino UNO (which
is considered as reference vehicle). Herethecommunication
between two vehicles take place where they communicate
with each other by sending the data through the mode of
Bluetooth which is used in Arduino Mega and likewise used
in our prototype. The vehicle is detected with the use of IR
sensor.IR sensor is basically used to detect any kind of
objects in its range by the principle of Reflection of Light. It
works by making use of a specific light sensor to recognize a
light wavelength using Infra-red (IR) range. When the
vehicle is detected, the Buzzer will be activated which
indicates that the vehicle is approaching and will alert the
driver of a vehicle. Once the vehicle is detected the signals
from IR sensor is sent to the Arduino and the Arduino
controls the further operation. The below figure shows the
block diagram of vehicle-to-vehicle communication using.
The Block Diagram is shown in figure 1 ,which consists of
Arduino Mega or Mega 2560 which has 54 digital
input/output pins (where of which 14 can be used as PWM
outputs, 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports),
a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack,
an ICSP header, and a reset button), Arduino UNO, Power

supply used to convert AC to DC voltage , Accelerometer
(ADXL335), DC motor Driver(L293D), GPS (NEO-6MV2),
GSM (SIM800L), LCD display(16*2), IR Sensor. We have
made use of Bluetooth Transceiver module (HC05) to
communicate between two vehicles.
GSM also known as Global systemformobilecommunication
is a modem which accepts a SIM card and can be operated
when the subscriber makes the subscription just like in
Mobile phones. The main use of this GSM is the SMS service.
The location of the vehicle is collected by the GPS andsent to
the GSM server. The SMS will be sent to a particular person
or a number which we have programmed. The required
program for this project is done using the platform Arduino
IDE. Once programmed, the code is integrated with the
hardware. One the accident is prevented; the programmed
number will receive the message along with the location
where the accident is prevented .and in worst case scenario
is accident or collision between two or more vehicles takes
place the hospitals nearby the location of collisions will be
sent an alert through SMS along with the location.
Fig -1: Block Diagram
The figure 2 shows the prototype which contains LCD
display, Arduino mega, Accelerometer, GPS, GSM, DC motor
Driver and IR sensor. all the operations such as vehicle
approaching and communicated messages will be displayed
on the LCD Display. Power supply of 9v with output current
of 1.2 amps is used to drive this system. The collision is
detected based on the accelerometerwhichcontainsX, Yand
Z axis, where x axis is the ground and Y axis is the height
between the Ground and vehicle and Z axis is toppling of a
vehicle.
Fig-2: Prototype
3. COMPONENTS USED AND ITS SPECIFICATION
3.1 Arduino Mega
Fig-3: Arduino Mega
The Pictorial representation of Arduino Mega 2560 is as
shown in figure 3. Arduino mega is a microcontroller which
can perform arithmetic and logical operations and is based
on ATMEGA 2560. It contains a total of fifty-four digital
input-output pins. In these fifty-four pins, fourteen pins can
be used as PWM Pins ,16 pins are analog inputs (A0
toA14),10 are UARTs which are also the Hardware
Ports(serial) (D1 to D21), Reset Butten. It contains 16Mhz
crystal oscillator which acts as clock for the Microcontroller.
By making use of 16 MHz crystal oscillator, it provides
greater accuracy Arduino can also run using 8Mhz crystal
oscillator but does not provide that accuracy that 16 MHz
oscillator will provide. . It contains a USB port to connect the
hardware and the computer to upload the code/Program
into the hardware. It also contains a port were if there is
insufficient of power supply to turn on the board and
external hardware can be connected to the board which is
also known as adapter. It has 5vcc Pins where4areof5vand
another port is of 3.3v. It contains four ground pins. The
advantage of using this board is because it containsa greater
number of ports, and many sensors can be connected.
Arduino
Mega
GPS
POWER
SUPPLY
DC
MOTOR
GSM
Bluetooth
Transceiver
LCD
DISPLAY
POWER SUPPLY
Arduino
Uno
Bluetooth
TRANSCIEVER
LCD Display
DISPLAY
ACCELEROMETER

3.2 Arduino uno
Fig-4:Arduino Uno
The Pictorial representation of Arduino UNO is as shown in
figure 4. Arduino is a platform where it is easy to use and
understand in both ways that is HardwareandSoftware.Itis
a microcontroller which can perform arithmetic and logical
operations with the use of chip also known as single silicon
wafer chip which is mounted on the hardware.Withthehelp
of this Arduino, you can turn on many sensors by connecting
to the board with making use of the ports available on the
board. We can drive the motors by providing efficientpower
supply to the board. It is a component made of ATMEGA
328p which consists of analog and digital pins,
communication pins, reset button and USB port to dump the
code into the hardware by connecting it to the personal
computer.
3.3 Accelerometer (ADXL335)
Fig-5: ADXL335
Accelerometer is a device which contains three axis that are
X, Y and Z axis whose output depends on the inputapplied to
the Accelerometer. The pictorial Representation of
Accelerometer ADXL335 is shown in figure 5. It is of low
cost, Power efficient, and is easy to use. It has a sensing
range from -3g to +3g along the X, Y and Z axis. The output of
these axis is in analog and are directly proportional to
acceleration. To determine the acceleration various
techniques are used which are called Phase Sensitive
Demodulation techniques. It contains a capacitor when
variation in acceleration takes place, it unbalances the
differential capacitor and affects the output voltage where
the output voltage is directly proportional to the
acceleration. It has an operating voltage from the range 1.8v
to 3.6v and has operating current of 350 micro amperes. It
has a temperature range of -40 to 85 degrees Celsius. It also
has a shock resistant up to 10,000g.
3.4 Infra-Red (IR) Sensor
Fig-6: IR Sensor
Fig-7: Reflection
Fig-8: LM358 IC Circuit
IR sensor uses LM358 IC which performs necessary
operations. The circuit diagram of IR sensor circuit is as
shown above in figure 8. It consists of 2 LEDs(LightEmitting
Diodes) which will play the key role in sensing any objects
which are in front of it by the Principle of Reflection of light
as shown in the figure 7. In two LEDs one LED function as
transmitter and another as receiver. The resisters used in
the circuit diagram of IR sensors are in the range of Kilo
ohms. The IR sensor consists of three pins (VCC, GND and
Output). When the IR sensor ispowered,thenthePowerLED
Turns ON. When there is any object in front of the sensor,
then the obstacle LED will turn ON. This sensing operation
will happen with the help of transmitting and receiving
LEDs. The Pictorial Representation of Infra-Red Sensor is
shown in Figure 6.
In two LEDs one LED function as transmitter and another as
receiver. The resisters used in the circuit diagram of IR
sensors are in the range of Kilo ohms. The IR sensor consists
of three pins (VCC, GND and Output).

When the IR sensor is powered, then the Power LED Turns
ON. When there is any object in front of the sensor, then the
obstacle LED will turn ON. This sensing operation will
happen with the help of transmitting and receiving LEDs.
3.5 Gps (NEO-6MV2)
Fig-9: NEO-6MV2
The GPS (NEO-6 MV2) is as shown in figure 9. It is based on
high-quality NEO-6 MV2. This GPS module works with
voltage in range of 3.3v to 5v. Hence all the Arduino bords
which has voltage rating of 5v can make use of this GPS
module. For better reception of signal, an antenna is used as
shown in the figure.it contains four pinswhichareVCC,GND,
TX(Transmitter) and RX(Receiver). It Receives the signals
from satellite and provides us the location of the vehicle
where the system in which is installed.
3.6 GSM (SIM800L)
Fig-10:SIM800L
The GSM(SIM800L) is as shown above. It contains a port
where SIM card can be inserted and by programming it
messages in form of SMS can be sent to the programmed
number. SIM800L is designed in such a waythatitconsumes
less power, and the current consumption is as low as 1.2
milli amps. SIM800L makes use of TCP-IP protocol and is
very useful in case of data transfer.
3.7 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Fig-11:LCD Display
An LCD display is a Liquid crystal display which is of 16x2 is
shown in figure 11.An 16x2 means that sixteen characters
are displayed into two such rows. Each character is
displayed with pixel size of 5x7. It contains two Registers
which are namely Command Register and Data Register.
3.8 Bluetooth Transceiver (HC05)
Fig-12:HC05
The use of Bluetooth transceiver it to establish the
connection between two vehicles. The Pictorial
Representation of Bluetooth Hc05 is shown in figure 12. It
consists of Transmitter and receiver to transmit and receive
the signals’ and GND which are used to make the circuit
complete. It makes use of Enable which is used to set the
data. The state Pin is used to make sure that the Bluetooth is
functioning Properly or not.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
With this project, the live location of a vehicle can be
monitored with the help of GPS and GSM through a text
message as shown in figure 13,where the intended user will
receive the GPS location with the help of GSM.
IR sensor senses the vehicle when a vehicle approaches
within the range of sensor and collision which has been
prevented will be sent to the subscriber or the programmed
number through SMS along with the location by making use
of GPS and GSM.
Fig-13: Short Message Service
The above figure 13 shows the location sent to the intended
user where the collision has been prevented when a vehicle
is approaching near within the range of IR sensor. This
action will be carried out even without the driver braking
the vehicle manually. Both the Entry point vehicle and the
Reference vehicle’s speed will reduce and after certain
distance after the vehicle passes, the acceleration can be
increased again.

5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
This system represents automatic braking system for
accident avoidance using Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)
communication. Infra-Red (IR) sensor is used to detect an
object or the vehicle and to notify the system to prevent
collision of vehicles. The Arduino microcontroller is used to
control the DC motor gear through Dc motor driver and
based on the vehicle, which is approaching near the
reference vehicle, specific operation is carried out. If the
accelerometer is affected, then an SMS will be sent to the
intended user or the programmed number along with the
location where the collision is prevented with the help of
GPS and GSM. The interaction between the vehicles will
allow to follow Lane discipline and act accordingly in case of
emergency situations. The driver can toggle between any
parameters like speed, distance,temperature,humidity. This
system can be used to automatically reduce the speed of the
vehicle when another vehicle is approaching through front
end. The use of buzzers can be used during night times
where within specified time intervals, the buzzer turns ON
and the driver must manually turn it off by making use of a
switch which indicates that the driver is not drowsy or
sleepy. When this system is installed in an ambulance and
the vehicles around it, the ambulance is given the priority
and it acts as a central hub, where it sends the message to all
the vehicles around it, and this helps in clearing the traffic
congestion and helps the ambulance to move forward. Since
the acceleration in a vehicle is dependent on the amount of
fuel injection, a switch can be made between the system,
breaks and the fuel pipe. when a vehicle approaches a, the
switch will be used to turn on our system and the speed will
be reduced. Once the speed is reduced (for e.g.,25km/h)and
the vehicle in still in front of us, even though we manually
press the accelerator the speed will remain the same (which
is the reduced speed) this is because the vehicle is still in
front of us. Once the vehicle passes then the switch will be
connected back to manual. This mechanism of switching
between Automatic (our system) and manual is immensely
helpful in semi-automatic vehicles. In addition to this other
feature can be implemented such as Iris detection wherethe
system can identify whether the driver drowsy or not.
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VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION FOR ACCIDENT-AVOIDANCE SYSTEM