VITAMINS ENZYMES.pptx
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The document provides an overview of vitamins, their classifications, sources, and uses, highlighting the uniqueness of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. It details various biological sources of vitamins, such as cod liver oil and shark liver oil, and their health benefits, including treatment for deficiency conditions and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, the document discusses enzymes like papain, diastase, and pancreatin, outlining their biological sources, chemical constituents, and applications in digestion and food production.
VITAMINS ENZYMES.pptx
- 1. VITAMINS ARCHANA B. CHAVHAN M.PHARM (QA) KYDSCT’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SAKEGAON
- 2. VITAMINS • Vitamins are organic chemical compounds which cannot be synthesized in the body but are essential for normal metabolic functions • General uses of vitamins a; Food supplement • To prevent development of deficiency state Drugs • To treat vitamin deficiency condition
- 3. CLASSIFICATIONS • Absorption from the intestinal tract with that of lipids and stored as same fashion of fat • A,D,E &K Fat soluble • the degree to which they dissolve in water is variable. This property influences the route of absorption, their excretion, • C &B, folic acid, biotin Water soluble
- 4. COD LIVER OIL • Biological Source: It is processed from fresh liver of cod fish, Gadus morrhua and other species of Gadus, belonging to family Gadidae • Chemical Constituents: • The cod liver oil contains glycerides esters of saturated acids of linoleic, oleic, myristic, gadoleic, palmitic, and other acids. • The oil has vitamin A and vitamin D.
- 5. PREPARATION 1. Liver removed from cod fish 2. Liver cleaned to free from gall bladder 3. Liver heated in water at 80 c 4. The oil excludes and float on water top is seperated and washed 5. The dehydrated oil is cooled to separate stearin 6. The suspended materials are removed by centrifugation
- 6. USES • Used as source of vitamin • Treatment of rickets and tuberculosis • Application of oil as ointment on wounds to speed up healing process • Omega-3-fatty acid in cod liver oil reduces imflamation of cells • Prevent gastric ulcers • Reduces cholesterol levels
- 7. SHARK LIVER OIL • Biological Source: Shark liver oil is the fixed oil obtained from the fresh and healthy livers of shark fish Hypoprion brevirostris, belonging to family Carcharhinidae. • Chemical Constituents • The active principle of Shark liver oil is vitamin A which varies from 15,000 to 30,000 I.U. per g of the oil • It contains glycerides of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
- 8. USES 1. Shark liver oil is used to treat xerophthalmia (abnormal dryness of the surface of conjunctiva) occurring due to deficiency of vitamin A. 2. he oil is nutritive and used as a tonic. 3. In the treatment of deficiency of vitamin A
- 9. ENZYMES ARCHANA B. CHAVHAN M.PHARM (QA) KYDSCT’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SAKEGAON
- 10. ENZYMES • Enzyms are the proteins which plays the role of catalysing biochemical reaction • They are; • Colloidal in nature • Thermolabile • Highly specific in action
- 11. CLASSIFICATION 1. Hydrolases: for catalysis of hydrolytic reactions 2. Transferase: for transfer of chemical group from one molecule to another 3. Oxido-reductase: catalysis of oxidation-reduction reaction 4. Lysases: catalyses addition of double bonds 5. Isomerases: responsible for intra molecular rearrangement
- 12. PAPAYA • Synonyms: Papayotin, papain • Biological Source: Papain is the dried and purified latex of the green fruits and leaves of Carica papaya L., belonging to family Caricaceae. • Chemical Constituents • The enzymes, papain, papayaproteinase, and chymopapain • Papain contains several enzymes such as proteolytic enzymes peptidase I • clotting enzyme similar to pectase • The leaves possess dehydrocarpaines I and II, fatty acids, carpaine, pseudocarpaine, and carotenoids.
- 13. USES 1. Used as protein digestant 2. for treatment of dyspepsia, intestinal and gastric disorders 3. In cheese manufacturing 4. Anti-inflammatory agent 5. Reliveing symptoms of episiotomy
- 14. DIASTASE • Synonym: amylase • Biological Source: It is an amylolytic enzymes present in the saliva (salivary diastase or ptyalin and pancreatic diastase or amylopsin) found in the digestive tract of animals and also in malt extract. • Chemical constituents: • Contains dextrin, maltose, traces of glucose and about 8% of amylolytic enzyme diastase
- 15. USES 1. It is used as a digestant 2. used in the production of predigested starchy foods 3. Also for the conversion of starch to fermentable sugars in fermentation. 4. Used in bulk producing laxatives
- 16. YEAST • Synonym: brewer’s yeast & baker’s yeast • Biological source: yeast is unicellular fungal micro-organism saccharomyces cerevisiae • Chemical contains: • Moisture (60-85%) • Protein, fat glycogens. • Vitamins: thiamine, folic acid, nicotinic acid, riboflavin • Enzymes: invertase, zymase and maltase
- 17. USES 1. Manufacturing of alcohol, wines & beer 2. Used in bread industries 3. Source of vitamin D 4. Good source of proteins
- 18. PANCREATIN • Biological source: Pancreatin is a digestive enzyme extracted from the pancreas of certain animals like hog, Sus scrofa (Suidae), or ox, Bos taurus (Bovidae) that is used to supplement loss of or low digestive enzymes, • Chemical constituents: • Pancreatin is made up of the pancreatic enzymes trypsin, amylase, and lipase • Use: 1. digestion of foods and routine cancer eradication. 2. help with food allergies, celiac disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, and weight loss.
- 19. Thank you