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- 1. Enabling Approaches to Sustainability SESSION 3 Ruth Sarra Guzman Professor, Rizal Technological University and Board Chair, PATLEPAM Manila, Philippines
- 2. Outline Introduction The Ecosystem Perspective - Basic Ecological Principles Environmental Principles Ensuring Environmental Sustainability Sustainable Development Paradigm Social, Economic and Ecological Perspectives
- 3. SD and Climate Change Sustainable development policies Climate change Sustainable development Climate change policies Alternative development pathways Sectoral environment/ economic policies Institutional/managerial changes Innovation/ technological change Avoided climate change damage Ancillary benefits/costs Spillovers/trade effects Innovation/technological change Two-way linkages between climate change and sustainable development. Source: Swart et.al (2003)
- 5. The State of Environment • One of 17 mega-diverse countries in the world Containing two-thirds of the earth’s biodiversity 70-80% of the world’s endangered species
- 6. The State of Environment • 4th in the World in bird endemism • 5th in the World in mammal endemism • 5th in the World in number of plant species • 8th in the World in reptile endemism
- 7. The State of Environment Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park Mayon Volcano Candidates for the NEW 7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD Chocolate Hills Tubbataha Reef
- 8. The State of Environment Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor Center of the center of marine shorefish diversity in the world (Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion)
- 9. The State of Environment Philippine Water Resources Water Supply = 146.0 Bcu.m Water Consumption = 40.9 Bcu.m Consumption Ratio = 28.0%
- 10. The State of Environment • One of the hottest ‘hot spots’ in habitat destruction
- 11. The State of Environment • Massive loss of forest cover which is now down to only about 18% of our total land area • Only about 800,000 hectares of virgin forest left
- 12. The State of Environment • Threatened and endangered species (increasing in about 9.7% annually) • Only 5% of our coral reefs remain in excellent condition • 30-50% of our seagrass beds were lost in the last 50 years • Only 112,400 hectares of mangroves left (decline from 450,000 ha in 1918)
- 13. The State of Environment • The degradation of coastal and marine ecosystem has affected fish production • Catch per municipal fisherman significantly went down from about 1500 kg per year in 1987 to about 1100 kg per year in 1996 and declining
- 14. The State of Environment • Groundwater levels going down by 5-10 meters for the last several decades that led to saline intrusion and ground subsidence • Sixteen major rivers, five in Metro Manila, are biologically-dead during summer months due to pollution • 48% of water pollution is caused by household waste, compounded by the lack of an adequate sewerage system
- 15. The State of Environment • TSP levels above the standards by as much as 200% causing adverse health impacts
- 16. The State of Environment • In 2000, 76M Filipinos generated over 10 million tons of municipal solid wastes. • In 2007, waste generated was 12.45 million tons. • On 2012, waste projection is pegged at 14 million tons
- 17. The State of Environment VAST MINERAL RESOURCES Mineral Land Distribution (As % of Total Philippine Land Area) 30% or 9 Million Hectares High-Potential Low-Medium Potential 70% Only 1.4% being exploited Land Area: 30 million Hectares
- 18. Global catastrophes are happening And will continue to happen… …
- 19. THE NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION •PRESENTLY – Alarming rate of environmental degradation – Adverse environmental issues and problems – Bring havoc and poses a very serious problem
- 20. Climate change Ozone depletion Deforestation and desertification Water scarcity (freshwater) Losses of soil Reduction of biodiversity Land, atmosphere and ocean pollution Scarcity of natural resources and energy Food security Depletion of biological resources Overpopulation Residue production Accelerating trends of urbanization Development of megacities GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS – DO WE KNOW THEM ALL?
- 21. PHILOSOPHY “For humankind to SURVIVE and IMPROVE its QUALITY OF LIFE, it is ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY for Everyone to become Aware of and Understand Humanity’s Relation to the Environment. Develop Values and Attitudes of Conservation and Social Justice, and Act, Alone or in Groups, in such Ways as to Correct or Prevent Environmental Problems” . TO SAVE MANKIND, EVERYONE SHOULD BE ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
- 22. • Finiteness of Resources –Ours is a Finite Earth –Ang Kalikasan ay may Hangganan
- 23. The natural resources needed to maintain the lifestyle of one person in the United States are equal to what is required by 200 to 300 Asians. Imagine what would happen if the same North American lifestyle were to be extended to people everywhere.
- 24. • Materials Cycle/Pollution –Everything Must Go Somewhere –Ang Lahat ay may Patutunguhan
- 25. THE LINEAR SOCIETY Resources Production Consumption WASTE Waste Disposal Industry Waste Regulation Industry Where shall we put it? Is it safe? GARBAGE DISPOSAL MENTALITY
- 26. • Balance of Nature Nature Knows Best Ang Kalikasan ang Mas Nakakaalam
- 27. • Diversity and Stability All Forms of Life are Important Ang Lahat ng Uri ng may Buhay ay Mahalaga
- 28. • Change –Everything Changes –Ang Lahat ay Nagbabago
- 29. CHANGES Cyclic Seasons Night and Day Tides Biogeochemical: C-O, N, P, S, Cycles Hydrologic Cycle
- 30. Linear Erosion Corrosion of metals Extinction of Species
- 31. Random/Catastrophic • Volcanic eruptions • Earthquakes • Meteor showers • Landslides, Mudslides Floods
- 32. • Interdependence Everything is Connected to Everything Else Ang Lahat ay Magkaugnay
- 33. CONCEPT OF INTERDEPENDENCE • COMPLEX INTERACTIONS EXIST BETWEEN THE LIVING AND NON- LIVING COMPONENTS OF THE ECOSYSTEM.
- 34. CONCEPT OF INTERDEPENDENCE • The structure and function of ecological systems are interrelated with socio-economic systems. SOCIOECONOMIC SYSTEM ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM
- 35. Thank you