Web (HTTP) request to response life cycle
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The document discusses the web request and response lifecycle from DNS lookup through HTTP methods and status codes. It describes the process of DNS lookup involving the browser, operating system, resolving name server, root name server, top-level domain name server and authoritative name server to resolve a domain name like www.yahoo.com to an IP address. It then explains the stateless HTTP protocol and how it can deliver different types of data, as well as the TCP three-way handshake process for establishing a connection and transmitting data using windows and acknowledgements. The document also briefly mentions HTTP requests, responses, methods including safe and idempotent methods, and status codes.
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Www and http
Www and httpNitesh Singh The World Wide Web (WWW) is a distributed system that allows clients using browsers to access and view web pages from servers located around the world. Web pages can contain links to other pages within the same site or other sites. A uniform resource locator (URL) specifies the protocol, host computer, port, and path needed to locate and access a specific web page. Web pages can be static, dynamic, or active depending on when their content is determined.
System and network administration network services
System and network administration network servicesUc Man Network services like DNS, DHCP, FTP, SMTP, SNMP, proxy servers, and Active Directory Services provide shared resources to devices on a network. DNS in particular converts domain names to IP addresses, caching responses for a period of time specified by their Time to Live (TTL) value to reduce server load. However, DNS was not originally designed with security in mind and is vulnerable to issues like cache poisoning. DHCP automatically assigns temporary IP addresses to devices on a network. Active Directory is a directory service used by Windows domains to centrally manage network resources and user access through objects, sites, forests, trees and domains.
Http_Protocol.pptx
Http_Protocol.pptxAbshar Fatima HTTP is a protocol used to access data on the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee initially developed HTTP in 1989 while working at CERN. HTTP follows a client-server model where a client (usually a web browser) sends an HTTP request to a server, which then returns an HTTP response. The standard port for HTTP is 80. HTTP allows for the transfer of text, audio, video, and other data over the internet.
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Cloud Computing Assignment 3Gurpreet singh This document contains the answers to 10 short questions related to cloud computing topics. It defines computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. It discusses network protocols like FTP, HTTPS, and others used in cloud computing. It explains denial of service (DoS) attacks, resource management in cloud computing, differences between HTTP and HTTPS, scheduling in cloud computing, differences between authentication and authorization, data encryption techniques, what SSL is, and what an identity management system is and how it is helpful in cloud computing.
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Chapter 3-Processes.pptsirajmohammed35 The document discusses processes and threads in distributed systems. It explains that threads allow multiple executions within the same process by sharing resources like memory. Distributed systems can use multithreaded clients and servers to improve performance. Code migration is also discussed, where a program's code and execution state can be moved between machines for better load balancing or to reduce communication costs. The challenges of migrating local resources that may be fixed to a particular machine are also covered.
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Pentesting web applicationsSatish b The document discusses web application security. It covers background topics like HTTP and HTTPS. It then discusses gathering information about the application, platform, and domain. Manual testing is covered, including vulnerabilities like XSS, SQL injection, and CSRF. The use of tools like scanners is also mentioned. Remediation and documentation are also briefly discussed.
ip1clientserver model
ip1clientserver modelmonikadeshmane The document discusses client-server models and HTTP protocols. It explains that in a client-server model, a client like a web browser interacts with a remote server to access resources. Common internet protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP and Telnet are used to transfer different types of files and data. The document then provides details on how HTTP works, including how the browser parses the URL, sends requests to the server, and how the server responds with status codes and headers along with the content. It also discusses web servers, web browsers, and the differences between 2-tier and 3-tier architectures.
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- 1. Web request to response life cycle The session regarding dns lookup, tcp handshake, http request, response, methods, and status codes Gopakumar K - Senior Software Engineer Azmath Mohamad - Engineering Manager
- 2. DNS Lookup - www.yahoo.com The following are included in the dns lookup process Browser Operating system Resolving name server (ISP) Root name server (.) TLD Name server (com) Authoritative name server (yahoo.com)
- 3. Conti... If no cache Request comes in for www.yahoo.com. Root Servers (.) TLD Name Servers(com) Authoritative Name Server (yahoo.com) Resolving name server (ISP) End user PC Web Browser 98.139.183.24 (www.yahoo.com) Cache
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- 5. TCP Connection establishment(3 way handshake) SYN: Synchronization ACK: Acknowledgement
- 6. Conti..
- 7. Conti.. Flow-control mechanism requiring that source device receive an acknowledgement from the destination TCP uses expectational acknowledgement (Forward acknowledgement) Window size determines the amount of data can transmit at one time before receiving an acknowledgement Larger window sizes increase communication efficiency TCP window sizes are variable during the lifetime of a connection, it “Slides” up and down based on network performance, so it is called sliding window. Sender keeps a record of each data packet that it sends and expects an acknowledgement.
- 9. Http Request
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- 12. Conti.. Safe Methods : Certain methods are specified to be safe, which means that executing them will not modify the resource or have other side effects on the overall state of the server. Unsafe methods may cause side effects, such as modifying a resource, sending an email or initiating the processing of a credit card. Idempotent Methods : Some methods are idempotent, meaning that executing identical requests multiple times will have the same effect as executing only one request. For example, DELETE requests are idempotent because once a resource is deleted it can't be deleted again. Conversely, POST requests are not idempotent because a second POST request may send a second email or process the same credit card a second time.By definition, safe methods are also idempotent.
- 14. Conti..
- 15. Questions?