Web publishing

Web Page
• A single, usually hypertext document on the World Wide Web
that can incorporate text, graphics, sounds, etc.
• A uniform resource locator, abbreviated URL, also known as
web address, is a specific character string that constitutes a
reference to a resource.
• In most web browsers, the URL of a web page is displayed on
top inside an address bar. An example of a typical URL would
be "http://en.example.org

Web Site
A connected group of pages on the World Wide Web
regarded as a single entity, usually maintained by one
person or organization and devoted to a single topic or
several closely related topics.
A set of interconnected webpages, usually including a
homepage, generally located on the same server, and
prepared and maintained as a collection of information by
a person, group, or organization.

Web server
A remote computer or a computer
program that delivers Web pages to a
user's computer, or a client, upon request
from a web browser through the Internet
The most common use of web servers is
to host websites, but there are other uses
such as gaming, data storage or running
enterprise applications
Web Server S/W – Apache, Tomcat,
Internet Information Service (ISS) etc.

Web browser
The primary function of a web server is to deliver web
pages on the request to clients using the Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This means delivery of HTML
documents and any additional content that may be
included by a document, such as images, style sheets and
scripts.
A user agent, commonly a web browser or web crawler,
initiates communication by making a request for a specific
resource using HTTP and the server responds with the
content of that resource or an error message if unable to
do so.
While the primary function is to serve content, a full
implementation of HTTP also includes ways of receiving
content from clients. This feature is used for submitting
web forms, including uploading of files.

Web Publishing
Web publishing, or "online publishing," is
the process of publishing
content(information) on the Internet.
It includes creating and uploading
websites, updating webpages, and posting
blogs online.
The published content may include text,
images, videos, and other types of media.
A Web site is a collection of HTML pages
with the home page typically named
INDEX.HTML

Web Publishing
In order to publish content on the web, you need three things:
web development software
an Internet connection
web server
The software may be a professional web design program like
Dreamweaver or a simple web-based interface like WordPress.
The Internet connection serves as the medium for uploading the
content to the web server.
Large sites may use a dedicated web host, but many smaller sites
often reside on shared servers, which host multiple websites.
Distributing the site requires copying the resulting HTML
pages and graphic elements into the appropriate
directories on the server.

Web Publishing
The audience is limitless since content posted
on the web can be viewed by anyone in the
world with an Internet connection.
These advantages of web publishing have led to
a new era of personal publishing that was not
possible before.
Posting updates on social networking websites
like Facebook and Twitter is generally not
considered web publishing.
Instead, web publishing generally refers to
uploading content to unique websites

Web Publisher
Since web publishing doesn't require physical materials such as paper
and ink, it costs almost nothing to publish content on the web.
Therefore, anyone with the three requirements above can be a web
publisher
A person or company that uploads, creates, or edits content on
Web pages; one who maintains or manages a Web site.
A software program or application used to create Web pages.
http://www.interspire.com/websitepublisher

Web Hosting
Web hosting is where your website (or blog) actually
sits, on a computer, in a building somewhere, when
you put it on the internet.
It doesn't matter where in the world you're located,
or where your web hosting is located.
Web hosting is the only thing you have to pay for, to
set up a website. Everything else can be done for free

Requirements
Sign up for website hosting
Hosting Service Provider
Choose a domain name (URL)
*.com, *.net, *.in, *.org, *.biz etc.
Create your website and upload
FTP software

Domain Name
A domain name is the internet address of a website or blog
(URL)
for ex: www.yahoo.com; www.microsoft.com
You'll need to choose a domain name of your choice.
Domain names are unique. You can only register a domain
name that no one else has taken.
Most good, short names were taken years ago. If the name
you want is taken, try adding a descriptive word to the end.
For example, foresttrail.com will definitely be taken, but
foresttrailtales.com probably won't be.

Domain Name
How to check if a domain name exists?
All the Domain Hosting Service providers offer this service
free!
for ex: www.net4.in; www.godaddy.com
Every time you register a domain name, the details of that
domain registration must be published in a publicly accessible
database called Whois.
www.whois.net

FTP Software
Cute FTP
FileZilla
SmartFTP

Choosing Web Hosting Provider
Choosing a web hosting provider is not easy. There's
a huge number of very similar web hosts out there,
and 99% of the information about them is bogus.
Do your own research into web hosting.
Whether they say so or not, all sites that recommend
web hosting receive payment from the web hosting
company, for the promotion of their product.

Choosing Web Hosting Provider
Good Domain Registry Pvt Ltd. India
Good Luck Internet Services PVT, LTD. India
IndiaLinks Web Hosting Pvt Ltd. India
Infocom Network Ltd. India
Net 4 India Limited India
Netlynx Inc. India
PDR Ltd. d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com India
SiliconHouse.Net Pvt Ltd. India
Times Internet Limited India
Tirupati Domains and Hosting Pvt Ltd. India
Trunkoz Technologies Pvt Ltd. d/b/a
OwnRegistrar.com
India
Visesh Infotecnics Ltd. d/b/a Signdomains.com India
http://www.internic.net/origin.html
http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/best-domain-name-registrars/

What is a Blog?
A blog originally came from the word
“weblog” or a “web log”.
You can think of it as an online journal or
diary, although blogs are used for much more
now, like online journalism.
A blogger is someone who blogs, or writes
content for a blog.
Blogging is the act of writing a post for a blog.

Blog?
Most blogs are published on public web servers through a
free service like Blogger.
A blog is a type of website which has posts (or entries) appearing in
reverse chronological order.
Blog posts typically appear with the most recent blog post (or
entry, post) first, just like a diary or journal.
A blog is typically updated frequently and regularly, although there
are some who are considered “slow bloggers”.
Blogs typically have an area for people to comment or respond to
the blog post.
Blogs may also have other areas of content and links to other
websites.
Blogs can have individual authors or be a collection of authors.
Blogs have a history or an archive of previous blog posts.

Blog?
A blog today could take the form of
microblogging (like Twitter, Tumblr), vblogging
(video blogging), and more which can focus on
a particular type of content or technology.
www.twitter.com

Difference
Web Site
Is a structured presentation of
web pages. Web pages are
typically carefully-written pieces
of information.
Visitors are typically not
permitted to post comments on
pages.
Appropriate for businesses,
information sites, or any site
where information is not time-
sensitive, and doesn't go out of
date.
Examples: A furniture store, a
gardening information site, a
parenting resource site, IT, etc
Blog
Is a collection of "posts". Posts are typically
casual pieces of writing and news. Each page
is linked to from the menu bar. Posts have no
fixed location. New posts are added at the
top of the main page, and automatically
arranged into categories by topic and/or date.
Older posts are moved to an archive.
Visitors are typically allowed to write
comments on posts. The post's author
typically joins in this discussion. (Allowing
comments is optional.)
Appropriate for any group or activity that's
casual or where information is time-sensitive
news.
Examples: A blog about current events, a blog
about the latest technology, a blog about
recovery from an illness

Website & Blog
A website can have a blog page somewhere,
and most blogs also have at least a few normal
web pages, such as an "About Us" or "Contact
Us" page.
If the main page of the site is a page of the
latest posts, then the site is a blog.

Website & Blog
A blog is a website that's like a diary

Designing a Website or Blog
WordPress is a system to design and manage
your site (or blog).
It's a very popular completely-online system
that lets you easily build a professional-
looking website/blog without any technical
know-how.
www.wordpress.org

Overview – Word Press
In WordPress, all you need to do is type in the text of your pages,
and (if you like) add some pictures.
WordPress will create the pages, apply your site's layout to them,
and add a link to each one from the menu bar.
If your site is a blog, you can easily make new posts. WordPress will
add them to the top of the blog page for you, and manage visitor
comments (if you allow comments.)
In WordPress, you don't design a layout. You just choose one. You
can't edit these layouts, but you can very easily change major
features, like the background colour and header picture. This makes
things very easy.
WordPress operates from the internet, through your browser.
Because of this, it works on any computer (PC, Mac, etc) or device
(smart phones, iPhone, iPad etc.) with internet access. If you can
browse the internet, you can use WordPress.

Server-side scripting
Server-side scripting is a technique used in website design
which involves embedding scripts in an HTML source code
which results in a user's (client's) request to the server
website being handled by a script running server-side before
the server responds to the client's request.
The scripts can be written in any of a number of server-side
scripting languages available.
Server-side scripting differs from client-side scripting where
embedded scripts, such as JavaScript, are run client-side in
the web browser.

Server-side scripting languages
There are a number of server-side scripting languages available, including:
ASP (*.asp)
ActiveVFP (*.avfp)
ASP.NET (*.aspx)
C via CGI (*.c, *.csp)
ColdFusion Markup Language (*.cfm)
Java via JavaServer Pages (*.jsp)
JavaScript using Server-side JavaScript (*.ssjs, *.js)
Lua (*.lp *.op)
Perl CGI (*.cgi, *.ipl, *.pl)
PHP (*.php) - Open Source Scripting
Python, e.g. via Django (*.py)
Ruby, e.g. Ruby on Rails (*.rb, *.rbw)
SMX (*.smx)
Lasso (*.lasso)
WebDNA (*.dna,*.tpl)
Progress WebSpeed (*.r,*.w)

CMS
A Content Management System (CMS) is a computer program that
allows publishing, editing and modifying content as well as
maintenance from a central interface.
Such systems of content management provide procedures to
manage workflow in a collaborative environment. These procedures
can be manual steps or an automated cascade.
The first content management system (CMS) was announced at the
end of the 1990s.
This CMS was designed to simplify the complex task of writing
numerous versions of code and to make the website development
process more flexible.
CMS platforms allow users to centralize data editing, publishing and
modification on a single back-end interface.
CMS platforms are often used as blog software.

Virtual Hosting
Virtual hosting is a method for hosting multiple domain names (with separate handling of
each name) on a single server (or pool of servers).
This allows one server to share its resources, such as memory and processor cycles, without
requiring all services provided to use the same host name.
The term virtual hosting is usually used in reference to web servers but the principles carry
over to other internet services.
One widely used application is shared web hosting. Shared web hosting prices are lower than
a dedicated web server because many customers can be hosted on a single server.
It is also very common for a single entity to want to use multiple names on the same
machine so that the names can reflect services offered rather than where those services
happen to be hosted.
One widely used application is shared web hosting. Shared web hosting prices are lower than
a dedicated web server because many customers can be hosted on a single server.

Types of virtual hosting
• There are two main types of virtual hosting, name-based and IP-
based.
• Name-based virtual hosting uses the host name presented by the
client. This saves IP addresses and the associated administrative
overhead but the protocol being served must supply the host name
at an appropriate point.
• IP-based virtual hosting uses a separate IP address for each host
name, and it can be performed with any protocol but requires a
dedicated IP address per domain name served.
• Port-based virtual hosting is also possible in principle but is rarely
used in practice because it is unfriendly to users.

IP-based
• When IP-based virtual hosting is used, each site (either a DNS host name
or a group of DNS host names that act the same) points to a unique IP
address. The webserver is configured with multiple physical network
interfaces, virtual network interfaces on the same physical interface or
multiple IP addresses on one interface.
• The web server can either open separate listening sockets for each IP
address or it can listen on all interfaces with a single socket and obtain the
address the TCP connection was received on after accepting the
connections. Either way it can use the IP address to determine which
website to serve. The client is not involved in this process and therefore
(unlike with name based virtual hosting) there are no compatibility issues.
• The downside of this approach is the server needs a different IP address
for every web site. This increases administrative overhead (both assigning
addresses to servers and justifying the use of those addresses to internet
registries) and contributes to IPv4 address exhaustion.

Port-based
• The default port number for HTTP is 80. However, most webservers can be
configured to operate on almost any port number, provided the port number is not
in use by any other program on the server.
• For example, a server may host the website www.example.com. However, if the
owner wishes to operate a second site, and does not have access to the domain
name configuration for their domain name, and/or owns no other IP addresses
which could be used to serve the site from, they could instead use another port
number, for example, www.example.com:81 for port 81,
www.example.com:8000 for port 8000, or www.example.com:8080 for port 8080.
• However this is not a user friendly approach. Users cannot reasonably be expected
to know the port numbers for their websites and moving a site between servers
may require changing the port number. Using non-standard port numbers may
also be seen as unprofessional and unattractive to users.
• In addition, some firewalls block all but the most common ports, causing a site
hosted on a non-standard port to appear unavailable to some users.

Web publishing

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