Webinar - Key Reasons to Upgrade to MySQL 8.0 or MariaDB 10.11

Key Reasons to Upgrade to
MySQL 8.0 or MariaDB 10.11

● MySQL 5.7 is dead: what now?
● MySQL vs MariaDB:
○ Governance
○ Release policies
○ Compatibility
○ Unique features
○ Testing what works better for your application
Agenda

● Vettabase is not a vendor
● We offer services for MariaDB, MySQL, Percona Server (and
more). All of them are important for us
● That said, I have opinions. Hopefully you have opinions, too.
Let's discuss.
● Criticism helps projects.
Not understanding this damages projects.
● If you work for a vendor, whether you want to say it or not, feel
free to correct any mistake I might make
WARNING

● MySQL 5.7 was released in 2013
● …and went GA in 2015
● Premier support ended in 2020
● Extended support ends on 31st October 2023
MySQL 5.7 is dead

This means:
● There will never be another release
● No bugfixes
● No security fixes
● Drivers, libraries and tools will stop supporting MySQL 5.7
(at some point)
● Documentation, binaries download, etc, won't be available
anymore (at some point)
○ Download them just in case!!!
MySQL 5.7 is dead

The paths from here:
● MySQL 8.0
● MariaDB 10.11
Let's discuss the pros and cons of both.
MySQL 5.7 is dead

● MySQL was acquired by Oracle in 2009
● There were serious concerns that Oracle just wanted to kill a
competitor
● In reality Oracle invested a lot of resources into MySQL
development
MySQL / MariaDB: governance

● Thought some areas were clearly left behind
(Oracle wants us to buy its more expensive products)
○ Data Warehousing / ETL / analytics
○ Stored procedures

● MariaDB belongs to the MariaDB company
● MariaDB Foundation exists to guarantee that:
○ MariaDB remains open source
○ Adoption (users, use cases, platforms)
○ Continuity
(please check mariadb.org as I don't speak for
MariaDB Foundation)

● MySQL:
○ GitHub repo is updated from time to time
○ Public bug tracker is not used internally
○ Documentation has a proprietary license
● MariaDB:
○ GitHub has the repo they normally work on
○ MariaDB Foundation helps contributions
○ JIRA can be followed to check day to day activities
○ Documentation is a public wiki with open licenses
(GNU FDL / CC-BY-SA3)

● Some MariaDB storage engines were developed by third parties
(and are now supported as the rest of MariaDB code)
○ SPIDER, CONNECT, OQGRAPH, Sphinx
● Galera is maintained by Codership
● Some features were contributed as part of GSoC (roles)
● Some features were contributed by third parties (crypto at rest)

● Commercial editions:
○ MariaDB Enterprise
only includes OSS + MaxScale
○ MySQL Enterprise Edition
includes some non-OSS features
● Cloud:
○ MariaDB SkySQL
includes Xpand
○ Oracle Cloud: MySQL HeatWave

Other editions / forks:
● Percona Server for MySQL
● MySQL Cluster (NDB)
○ RonDB
● MariaDB ColumnStore

● Before MySQL 8.0 and MariaDB 10.7:
development → alpha → beta → gamma → RC → Generally Available
● Release Candidates were mostly feature frozen
MySQL / MariaDB: release policies

● MySQL 8.0 is an evergreen version. All releases might
include new features and incompatibilities
● Things that happened after MySQL 8.0 went GA:
○ Compatibility with Percona Xtrabackup was broken
■ Twice! And restoring it took months of efforts from Percona
○ GROUP BY col ASC | DESC syntax was removed
○ A bug in ALTER TABLE ALGORITHM=INSTANT caused
unrecoverable data corruption

● Latest release is 8.0.34:
○ mysqlpump tool is deprecated
○ 8 variables are deprecated
○ 2 mysql_option() flags is deprecated
○ Other options for the Audit Log are deprecated
○ 1 authentication plugin is deprecated
○ Minor syntax deprecation (missing leading space in
executable comments results in a warning)
● Statement format for Binary Log is deprecated

● MariaDB now has LTS versions supported for at least 5
years: 10.6, 10.11
● MariaDB short-term support versions are supported for 1
year, not recommended in production

● MySQL "observed industry trends"
(never name competitors!)
● They now follow the same policy starting from 8.1
(Except it's called an Innovation release rather than STS)

● MariaDB followed MySQL version numbers up to 5.6
● This indicated compatibility. For example:
MariaDB 5.5 = MySQL 5.5 + some unique features
● This was a big constrain for MariaDB
● Starting from version 10.0 they try to be compatible with
MySQL, and they are for most users
● But some advanced features / syntax / configuration are
different
MySQL / MariaDB: compatibility

● Dumps are theoretically compatible with any version
thanks to executable comments:
○ SELECT * /*! , CONCAT_WS(...) */
MySQL and MariaDB
○ SELECT * /*!570000 , CONCAT_WS(...) */
MySQL/MariaDB 5.7+
○ SELECT * /*!M , SFORMAT(...) */
MariaDB
○ SELECT * /*!101100 , SFORMAT(...) */
● This facilitates porting, but unsupported features…
remain unsupported

● Backup tools for MySQL don't work (or partially work) with
MariaDB due to different file formats, and different features
● MariaDB comes with its own tools:
○ mariadb-dump = mysqldump
○ mariabackup = xtrabackup
● Other tools generally work, but you might have to be careful
when you try to use advanced features
(Ansible MySQL collection, etc)

● Replication between MySQL 8.0 and MariaDB doesn't work
● For synchronous replication, MySQL and MariaDB use
different solutions
○ MariaDB has Galera
○ MySQL has InnoDB Cluster
○ Percona Server supports both

MySQL unique features:
● Document store (schemaless)
● X protocol
● InnoDB support for memcached
● TEMPTABLE storage engine
● Lateral queries
● Multi-valued indexes (eg: index a JSON array)
● Expressional indexes
● GIS: SRID + new functions
● SET PERSISTENT
● Clone plugin
● Resource groups
MySQL / MariaDB: unique features

● MariaDB unique storage engines:
○ MyRocks
○ SPIDER
○ CONNECT
○ S3
○ SphinxSE
○ OQGRAPH
○ SEQUENCE

● Temporal tables
● Flashback
● 2 phases ALTER TABLE replication
● Types: UUID, INET4, INET6
● DELETE/INSERT/REPLACE … RETURNING
● sql_mode='ORACLE' + PL/SQL+ better stored procedures
○ (but not Oracle built-in packages)
● Table elimination
● Any statement can be prepared
● Handlersocket for InnoDB and SPIDER

Some thoughts from me…
● MariaDB is not great at a couple of things:
○ Documenting its features
○ Marketing its features
● There were cases where new MySQL features were
welcomed as absolute novelties from the community…
MariaDB implemented them first, but not many people knew
that
● Binlog compression, hash joins, INTERSECT and EXCEPT,
and more

Should I upgrade?
● I really recommend it
Conclusions

MySQL 8.0 or MariaDB 10.11?
● MariaDB 10.11 could be easier
● Check if one of the unique features is important enough to
affect your choice
● Decide which approach you like most
● Test!
Conclusions

Test?
● Try pt-upgrade from Percona:
○ Do your queries return the same results?
○ Which DBMS is faster for your queries?
○ Do you get errors/warnings?
○ Which DBMS consumes more resources? (monitoring)
● Test your tooling
● Test incidents
● Testing is important, but other criteria
might be more important
Conclusions

Webinar - Key Reasons to Upgrade to MySQL 8.0 or MariaDB 10.11

Webinar - Key Reasons to Upgrade to MySQL 8.0 or MariaDB 10.11

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Webinar - Key Reasons to Upgrade to MySQL 8.0 or MariaDB 10.11