Webinar Slides: MySQL HA/DR/Geo-Scale - High Noon #5: Oracle’s InnoDB Cluster

The MySQL Availability
Company
The MySQL Availability Company
MySQL HA/DR/Geo-Scale -- High Noon #5
InnoDB Cluster vs. Continuent Tungsten Clusters
Building a Geo-Scale, Multi-Region and Highly Available MySQL Cloud Back-End
Matt Lang, Director of Customer Success
March 8, 2021
“Play Hard!”

Company
Matt Lang
Early Adopter of Linux, MySQL, and Cloud technologies.
Architected systems for startups, supporting explosive
growth in employees, customers, and sales, in automotive,
steel, medical, and tech industries.
• MySQL DBA
• Linux Systems Admin
• Site Reliability Engineer/Cloud Architect
• Author of replication for proprietary database (still in use after 10+
years)
• Weekend musician
“Play Hard!”

Company
Continuent
“The MySQL Availability Company”

Company
Where Does Continuent Fit In?
Continuent has witnessed the rise of Open Source
and Cloud Computing since 2004.
We have been at the forefront of the market need
for platform-agnostic, highly-available, globally-
scaling, clustered MySQL databases that are driving
businesses to the cloud today.
Continuent is not the biggest. Never.
We are the best at what we do. Always!
Geo-Scale
MySQL
DBaaS
Cloud
Computing
Open
Source
MySQL

Company
Goals for the High Noon Webinar Series
Explore and compare how to deploy Geo-Scale MySQL using various MySQL Solutions:
• Local rapid-failover, automated high availability
• Geographically distributed, low-latency data replication with a single consolidated view
• Fast local response times for read traffic
• Ability to deploy MySQL primaries in multiple regions
• No changes to application code
• Complex schema changes while keeping applications available
• Avoid provider lock-in
MySQL is understood in a broad context, including MySQL, MariaDB and Percona Server.
Also AWS RDS MySQL, AWS RDS Aurora, Azure MySQL, and Google Cloud SQL are applicable in some context.

Company
Company
High Noon Series - Tungsten Clustering vs. Others

Company
Tungsten
Clustering
AWS
Aurora
Google
Cloud SQL
MS Azure
SQL
DIY Galera
InnoDB
Cluster
Features
Continuous Operations 4.67 3.00 1.67 2.67 3.00 2.50 2.67
Scaling 4.40 4.00 2.80 3.60 3.40 3.80 3.80
Geographic Scaling 5.00 2.67 0.67 0.67 2.00 0.67 0.67
Performance 4.75 3.50 2.25 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.50
Transparency 5.00 3.33 3.67 2.67 3.67 2.67 2.67
Security 4.33 5.00 5.00 5.00 2.67 4.33 4.33
Management and
Monitoring
4.80 4.20 4.00 4.00 2.00 3.40 3.20
Real-time Data (Analytics,
Data Lake, Reporting)
5.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00

Company
Tungsten
Clustering
AWS
Aurora
Google
Cloud SQL
MS Azure
SQL
DIY Galera
InnoDB
Cluster
Support 5.00 2.00 1.67 2.00 0.67 3.00 3.67
Intangibles
MySQL Support
All MySQL,
MariaDB and
Percona Servers
version
'MySQL
Compatible', 5.6
and 5.7 (most)
features only
MySQL
Community
Edition 5.6, 5.7,
8.0
MySQL
Community
Edition 5.6, 5.7,
8.0 (only 5.7 for
flexible server
preview)
All MySQL,
MariaDB and
Percona Servers
version
InnoDB-engine
only, MySQL,
MariaDB,
Percona Server
MySQL 5.7+ (but
most
improvements
in MySQL 8.0+),
InnoDB engine
only
Platform
On-premises,
VMs, all Cloud
environmnets
(hybrid- and
multi-cloud)
AWS only GCP only Azure only
Any
environment but
with complexity
of doing it by
yourself
Any single
platform, no
hybrid- or multi-
cloud
Any single
platform
Product Maturity
10+ years,
proven
3 years 4 years 3 years
Depends on
deployment
10+ years
4 years (April
2017 GA)
TCO
Progressively
lower for the
larger
deployments
Linear pricing,
very expensive
Enterprise 24/7
support
Linear pricing,
very expensive
Enterprise 24/7
support
Linear pricing,
very expensive
Enterprise 24/7
support
TCO not
predictable,
person-hours
and/or
consulting
hours, limited
support
TCO not
predictable,
person-hours
and/or
consulting
hours, limited
support
TCO not
predictable,
person-hours
and/or
consulting
hours, limited
support

Company
Tungsten
Clustering
AWS
Aurora
Google
Cloud SQL
MS Azure
SQL
DIY Galera
InnoDB
Cluster
MySQL Use Cases
HA
DR
Zero Downtime
Maintenance
Continuous Operations
Multi-Primary
Active/Passive Cluster
Active/Active Cluster
Geo-Scale Clusters

Company
Company
MySQL InnoDB Cluster

Company
MySQL InnoDB Cluster Characteristics
• Released April, 2017 from the MySQL Team with MySQL version 5.7
• Significantly improved with MySQL version 8.0
• Employs ”Group Replication”
• Transactions are committed based a majority vote (with multiple primaries)
• Transactions can even be committed out of order if no conflict
• Basic conflict resolution using certification
• Automatic failure detection
• Can deploy single or multiple primaries in a site
• InnoDB Cluster is really a wrapper for Group replication, which includes:
• Straightforward installation and maintenance with MySQL Shell
• Basic MySQL Proxy

Company
MySQL Group Replication
• ”Virtually Synchronous”
• Distributed, members nodes can join or leave the group
• MySQL Plugin
• Single-Primary mode
• If Primary leaves group, a new primary is elected
• The new primary may have a backlog of transactions to apply
• Can specify “weight” for node for election to primary
• Multi-Primary mode
• Transaction executed on node
• Transaction then broadcasted to other nodes in group
• Nodes certify or reject transaction
• Transaction is written to binary log on executing node and committed
• Transaction is written to relay logs on other hosts, to be executed and committed

Company
MySQL InnoDB Multi Site Requirements
• Using Group Replication
• Synchronous elements
• Members must be part of a group and participate in group communications
• Not practical over WAN
• Using Asynchronous replication
• Use MySQL native replication
• Management becomes more complex when mixing 2 technologies
• Not easy to deploy multi site topologies due to above and thus not often used

Company
Limitations Using InnoDB Cluster
• Write intensive workloads may perform poorly due to synchronous elements in replication
• Poor WAN performance due to above
• Thus multi-site topologies are rarely used
• MySQL Router is a very basic Proxy (applications will be disconnected during failover)
• All tables in database must have a primary key
• Only supports InnoDB tables
• Replication out of cluster requires another technology (i.e. different replication method, binary logging,
etc)
• Not mature in MySQL 5.7, should use MySQL 8.0

Company
Company
How To Do Better MySQL HA/DR/Geo-Scale?

Company
Tungsten Clustering
• Continuous MySQL Operations
• Zero Downtime Maintenance
• Geo-distributed MySQL Clusters
• Multi-Cloud / Hybrid-Cloud MySQL
• Read/Write Splitting with Intelligent Proxy
• Full MySQL Support, No App Changes Manager
Replicator
Manager
Replicator
Manager
Replicator
monitoring
&
control
Dataservice
Replica Replica
Primary

Company
Tungsten Active-Passive Clustering
• Scale to multiple Cloud Regions or datacenters
• Platform-agnostic means you can span vendors
and create hybrid topologies using any
combination of cloud, VM and/or bare-metal
servers
• Active/Passive
• Control all clusters from any node
• Move the write primary from site to site with a
single command when in Active/Passive mode

Company
Tungsten Active-Active Clustering
• Scale to multiple Cloud Regions or
datacenters
• Platform-agnostic means you can span
vendors and create hybrid topologies using
any combination of cloud, VM and/or bare-
metal servers
• Active/Active
• Control all clusters from any node
• Move the write primary from site to site with
a single command when in Active/Passive
mode

Company
Zero Downtime Maintenance
Replica
Upgrade
Additiona
l Replicas
Switch
Primary
Upgrade
Shun replica
Upgrade MySQL
Return node to
cluster
Discard and re-
provision on failure
Repeat for
remaining replica(s)
Switch primary to
promote an
upgraded replica
Upgrade old
primary
Maintenance is
now done!

Company
Company
TUNGSTEN CLUSTERING VS MYSQL INNODB CLUSTER

Company
Features & Benefits
Tungsten Clustering MySQL InnoDB Cluster
Continuous Operations 4.67 2.67
Zero Downtime Maintenance
Both database, operating system
and hardware changes & upgrades
Both database, operating system,
and hardware changes & upgrades
High Availability Automatic failover of primary Multi-master in use
DR with Active/Passive Cluster
Automated site level switch with one
failover command
Must mix replication technologies,
involves DIY
DR with Active/Active Cluster Only requires repointing the apps Active/Active not supported
DR Failback Single command, fast Manual rebuild needed
Backup & Data Recovery
Flexible backups using existing
external tools
Flexible backups using existing tools

Company
Features & Benefits
Scalability/Read replicas 4.40 3.80
Scalability/Read replicas Supported Supported (all active)
Scalability/Physical location
Deploy anywhere, on-prem and in
the cloud (also hybrid- and multi-
cloud)
Deploy anywhere but single site
only
Scalability/Instance size
Choose the instance size, minimal
requirements
Choose the instance size, minimal
requirements
DB Node Auto-Scale
No auto-scale. Requires manual
steps
No auto-scale. Requires manual
steps
DB Cluster Scaling
Ideal for the SaaS apps (Pod
Architecture)
Pod Architecture

Company
Features & Benefits
Geographic Scaling 5.00 0.67
Scalability/Read replicas
Across regions, availability zones,
and clouds
Mix replication technologies, no
management
Active/Active Geo-Clusters
Multi-site active/active supported
and widely deployed
Not supported
Active/Passive Geo-Clusters
Supported and widely deployed in
cross-regions and cross-clouds, also
on-premises
Complicated due to mixing of
replication technologies and no
management layer

Company
Features & Benefits
Performance 4.75 2.50
Smart-Scale
Tungsten Proxy with automatic
read/write split, no application
changes
mysqlrouter is a very basic proxy
Load Balancing
Highly configurable with automatic
read/write splitting
mysqlrouter only does port-based
routing
Up to Date Read Replicas Using asynchronous replication Using virtually sync replication
Robust Database Performance
Tune your favorite database,
asynchronous replication adds
almost no performance penalty
But semi-sync can cause
performance issue with database
writes

Company
Features & Benefits
Transparency 5.00 2.67
No Application Changes
Works out of box without app
changes
Some features require application
changes, certain SQL constructs not
supported
All MySQL Versions
Native MySQL: Community, MySQL
Enterprise, MariaDB, Percona Server,
all versions
MySQL 5.7+ (though MySQL 8.0
adds critical features)
Compatibility With All Database Engines All MySQL engines InnoDB only

Company
Features & Benefits
Security 4.33 4.33
Security/Encryption at rest
Can leverage existing cloud or
filesystem encryption technologies
Can leverage existing cloud or
filesystem encryption technologies
Security/Encryption in flight Supported for all traffic Supported for all traffic
Compliance (PCI, HIPAA)
Can be used in security/privacy
standards
Can be used in security/privacy
standards

Company
Features & Benefits
Management and Monitoring 4.80 3.20
Deployment Easy to deploy Easy to deploy, if using mysql shell
Cluster Management
Easy management via web-based
GUI
Command line tools, custom shell
Monitoring - GUI
Full GUI based cluster monitoring.
Performance monitoring with
Prometheus
No GUI included
Alerts / Notifications Integration with notifications systems Using scripts, API
OS/DB Patching Assistance with scripts, no downtime Assistance with scripts, no downtime

Company
Features & Benefits
Real-time Data (Analytics, Data Lake,
Reporting)
5.00 3.00
Replication Into Analytics
Real-time to the data analytics
engines (AWS Redshift, Hadoop,
Vertica, many others)
Using native replication, 3rd party or
DIY tools
Filtering
Complex filtering at schema and
data level
Basic filters, not useful in multi-
master
Cluster Aware
Replication stream not interrupted
by loss of a single cluster node
Replication stream not interrupted
by loss of a single cluster node

Company
Support Services
24/7 Support 5.00 3.67
24/7 Support
24/7 support with high, near 100%
customer satisfaction
24/7 support available, quite
expensive at 10k/year per 5+ socket
server
Fast Support Response Time
The fastest in the industry, averaging
less than 3 minutes for Urgent
support requests
Goal of 5 minute response for
Enterprise support
Support Team Experience
Each member has 20+ years
experience on DBA and Site
Reliability
Unknown, but must work first with
first-line support before being
elevate to next tier

Company
Intangibles
MySQL Version Support 5.00 3.00
MySQL Community
Fully supported, all versions up to
8.0
5.7+ (8.0 recommended)
MySQL Enterprise
8.0
5.7+ (8.0 recommended)
MariaDB
10.5
Not supported
Percona Server Fully supported 5.7+ (8.0 recommended)

Company
Intangibles
Infrastructure and Platform 5.00 3.00
On-premises Deployment Fully supported Fully supported
Cloud Deployment
All cloud environments (AWS,
Google Cloud, MS Azure) are
supported
All cloud environments (AWS,
Google Cloud, MS Azure) are
supported
Multi-Cloud Fully supported
Except for complicated DIY
deployments
Hybrid-Cloud Fully supported
Except for complicated DIY
deployments

Company
Intangibles
Product Maturity 5.00 3.67
Complete One solution for HA, DR & Geo-Scale Simple proxy, no multi-site
Integrated
Comes with Manager, Proxy &
Replicator
But simple proxy
Fully Tested
Proven in business-critical customer
environments
But not as widely deployed as other
technologies

Company
Intangibles
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) 4.33 3.67
Low Subscription Cost, High Value
Instance size does not matter, non-
linear pricing (additional clusters are
at increasingly lower cost), no cost
TrueUps
Either free with no support, or
expensive with support
24/7 Support Included With high price
Few DBA Resource Needed
Large number of clusters can be
managed with small number of DBAs
Large number of clusters can be
managed with small number of DBAs

Company
Use Cases Supported
MySQL HA Supported Supported
MySQL DR Supported Not Supported
MySQL Zero Downtime Maintenance Supported Supported
MySQL Continuous Operations Supported Supported
MySQL Multi-Primary Supported Supported
MySQL Active/Passive Clusters Supported Not Supported
MySQL Active/Active Clusters Supported Not Supported
MySQL Geo-Scale Clusters Supported Not Supported

Company
Company
About Continuent Solutions

Company
Continuent Products
• Tungsten Clustering
• Tungsten Replicator
• Tungsten Dashboard

Company
Tungsten Clustering
• Continuous MySQL Operations
• Zero Downtime Maintenance
• Geo-distributed MySQL Clusters
• Multi-Cloud / Hybrid-Cloud MySQL
• Read/Write Splitting with Intelligent Proxy
• Full MySQL Support, No App Changes

Company
Tungsten Key Benefits
Industry Best 24/7 MySQL Customer Service
• Highly Qualified 24/7 support. Our support team member have 20 or more years of MySQL DBA and
Site Reliability Experience
• 24/7 support comes with 1-hour SLA, with response times for urgent requests averaging less than 3
minutes
• MySQL uptime measured in months or years
Cost Savings
• Use the free open-source MySQL for your business-critical needs
• Optimize costs by selecting the most cost-effective cloud environment(s) at any given time
• Eliminate downtime risks and their associated costs, including during maintenance operations (zero-
downtime maintenance operations)
• Reduce DBA time spent on admin and recovery operations, lowering your costs while increasing
reliability.

Company
Tungsten Clustering Key Benefits
Continuous MySQL Operations
• MySQL High Availability and Disaster Recovery solution, which provides redundancy within and
across data centers
• Immediate failover for maximum availability and data protection of business-critical MySQL
applications
• Reduce MySQL recovery time from hours or days to mere seconds
• Dashboard provides graphical view and management of all globally distributed MySQL clusters
Zero Downtime MySQL
• Site-level and cross-site failover ensures application availability
• Upgrade hardware, software and data without taking applications offline
• MySQL compatibility means seamless migration of your data and applications

Company
Geo-Scale MySQL
• Load-balance MySQL read operations across multiple replicas, locally and globally
• Geo-distributed MySQL clusters bring data close to your application users for faster response times
• Easily add more MySQL clusters as needed for unlimited scaling, both locally or across the globe
Hybrid-Cloud and Multi-Cloud MySQL
• Deploy in the cloud, VM and bare metal environments
• Mix-and-match on-premises, private and public clouds (incl. Amazon AWS, Google Cloud and
Microsoft Azure)
• Easy, seamless migration from cloud to cloud to avoid vendor lock-in in any specific cloud provider
• Withstand node, data center, zone or region failures or outages

Company
Intelligent MySQL Proxy
• Provides intelligent traffic routing to a valid MySQL Primary, locally and globally
• Scale read queries via query inspection and other methods
• Application and active users do not disconnect during MySQL failover events
Most Advanced MySQL Replication
• Filter and transform your data in-flight
• No more ETL, get real-time data feeds into your analytics
• Replicate directly into popular analytic repositories: AWS RedShift, Hadoop (HDFS), Kafka and Vertica
• Unlimited real-time transactional data transfer to eliminate escalating replication cost of ETL-based
alternatives

Company
Full MySQL Support, No Application Changes
• Deploy and Configure MySQL clusters in minutes
• Not just a ‘MySQL-compatible” solution, but fully MySQL-compliant. Use any of your off-the-shelf
MySQL, MariaDB and Percona Server versions
• Support for all modern MySQL (5.x through 8.x) and MariaDB (5.x and 10.x) versions and features
• SSL support for all in-flight traffic
• Native MySQL support means easy and complete migration of your data and applications

Company
Tungsten Replicator
• High performant Real-Time replication
• Multiple Heterogeneous Targets
• AWS Aurora / RDS
• AWS Redshift
• HPE Vertica
• Hadoop
• Kafka
• and many more
• Fan-in / Fan-Out / Primary-Primary
• Flexible, Advanced Filtering
• Available as an AMI through Amazon Marketplace
(with free 14-day trial)

Company
Tungsten Dashboard

Company
Company
About Continuent Company

Company
Proven Continuent Team
• Our core team has been building data availability solutions since 2004
• We have an expert team of data replication, database connectivity and database cluster management
engineers
• We have a world-class support team
• Each member with 20 or more years of operational database experience
• Our team is available to respond effectively and immediately to our customers’ needs
• Average response time for an urgent support request less than 3 minutes

Company
Proven Solutions
Our tightly-integrated, complete and fully tested solutions reliably handle billions of transactions per day and
support businesses with billions of dollars in combined revenue:

Company
Why to Choose Continuent
Customer Satisfaction
during the most recent customer survey
Customer Renewal Rate
many multi-year subscription renewals
Average Response Time
in minutes for urgent customer support
cases
Average Customer
Life-Span
years using Continuent solutions

Company
Continuent Timeline
• The MySQL Availability Company
• Established in 2004
• Customers Industries include
• SaaS
• eCommerce
• Finance
• Telco
• Online Gaming
• Business-critical MySQL apps
• From Startup to Enterprise companies
2004 Continuent Established
2009 3rd Generation Continuent Tungsten, the first
fully MySQL-compliant clustering solution
2014 VMware Acquired Continuent to build
DBaaS for vCloud Air
2016 “New” Continuent breaks away from VMware
(after they abandoned vCloud Air)
2017 Major Tungsten release (v5) with hardened
security features
2018 Tungsten v6 ships with major multi-site
clustering changes
2020 Marketo is the first 10th anniversary Tungsten
customer (grown from 4 clusters to over 100
clusters)
202x The Future….is in the Cloud – Tungsten Cloud

Company
The MySQL Availability Company
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
continuent.com
Matthew Lang
matthew.lang@continuent.com

Webinar Slides: MySQL HA/DR/Geo-Scale - High Noon #5: Oracle’s InnoDB Cluster

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