Here you will find What is a variable in C language, Variable Definition, Variable Declaration, Variable Initialization and Rules for naming a variable in C Language
Unions allow a variable to hold objects of different types in the same memory location. All members of a union share the same memory location, which is the size of the largest member. This means unions save memory by storing all members in one block, but the programmer must ensure the correct member is being accessed based on the data currently stored. The example program defines a union called Student containing different data types, reads values into members, and displays the members to demonstrate unions share the same memory location.
This document discusses data types in Java. There are two main types: primitive data types (boolean, char, byte, etc.) and non-primitive types (classes, interfaces, arrays). It explains each of the eight primitive types and provides examples of non-primitive types like classes and arrays. The document also covers type casting (converting between data types), autoboxing/unboxing of primitive types to their corresponding wrapper classes, and the differences between implicit and explicit type casting.
Operator & control statements in C are used to perform operations and control program flow. Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %) are used for mathematical calculations on integers and floating-point numbers. Relational operators (<, <=, >, >=, ==, !=) compare two operands. Logical operators (&&, ||, !) combine conditions. Control statements like if-else, switch, while, for, break, continue and goto alter program execution based on conditions.
Pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. It allows dynamic memory allocation and access of memory locations. There are three ways to pass arguments to functions in C++ - pass by value, pass by reference, and pass by pointer. Pass by value copies the value, pass by reference copies the address, and pass by pointer passes the address of the argument. Pointers can also point to arrays or strings to access elements. Arrays of pointers can store multiple strings. References are alternative names for existing variables and any changes made using the reference affect the original variable. Functions can return pointers or references.
The document discusses various data types in C++ including built-in, user-defined, and derived types. Structures and unions allow grouping of dissimilar element types. Classes define custom data types that can then be used to create objects. Enumerated types attach numeric values to named constants. Arrays define a collection of elements of the same type in sequence. Functions contain blocks of code to perform tasks. Pointers store memory addresses.
This document discusses the five main types of tokens in C++ - keywords, variables, constants, strings, and operators. It provides definitions and examples of each token type. Keywords are reserved words that cannot be used as variable names, while variables store values that can change. Constants represent fixed values, strings group characters within double quotes, and operators perform actions on operands like arithmetic, comparison, and assignment.
The document discusses functions in C programming. It defines functions as self-contained blocks of code that perform a specific task. Functions make a program more modular and easier to debug by dividing a large program into smaller, simpler tasks. Functions can take arguments as input and return values. Functions are called from within a program to execute their code.
This document summarizes key concepts about file input/output in C++. It discusses what files are, how they are named and opened, and the process of reading from and writing to files. Specific functions and operators covered include open(), close(), << to write data, and >> to read data. It also discusses checking for open errors, formatting output, and detecting the end of a file. Program examples demonstrate how to open, read from, write to, and close files using C++.
This document discusses pointers in C++. It defines pointers as variables that store memory addresses of other variables. It covers declaring and initializing pointers, using the address and dereference operators, pointer arithmetic, references, and passing pointers as function arguments. The document includes examples of pointer code and output to demonstrate these concepts.
An enumeration (enum) is a user-defined type (same as structure) that represents a group of constants. typedef is a keyword used to create alias name for the existing datatypes.
This document discusses various data types in C programming. It covers primary data types like int, char, float, and void. It also discusses derived data types such as arrays, pointers, enumerated data types, structures, and typedef. For each data type, it provides details on usage, memory size, value ranges, and examples.
INTRODUCTION
COMPARISON BETWEEN NORMAL FUNCTION AND INLINE FUNCTION
PROS AND CONS
WHY WHEN AND HOW TO USED?
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF INLINE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE WITH PROGRAM CODE
This document discusses data types and literals in Java. It covers the different primitive and non-primitive data types including numeric (integer, floating point), non-numeric (boolean, char) and reference types (classes, interfaces, arrays). It describes the various integer types (byte, short, int, long), floating point types (float, double), boolean and char types. It also discusses literals and provides examples of numeric, character and string literals in Java.
Strings are arrays of characters that are null-terminated. They can be manipulated using functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat(), and strcmp(). The document discusses initializing and reading strings, passing strings to functions, and using string handling functions to perform operations like copying, concatenating, comparing, and reversing strings. It also describes arrays of strings, which are 2D character arrays used to store multiple strings. Examples are provided to demonstrate reading and sorting arrays of strings.
Operator overloading allows user-defined types in C++ to behave similarly to built-in types when operators are used on them. It allows operators to have special meanings depending on the context. Some key points made in the document include:
- Operator overloading enhances the extensibility of C++ by allowing user-defined types to work with operators like addition, subtraction, etc.
- Common operators that can be overloaded include arithmetic operators, increment/decrement, input/output, function call, and subscript operators.
- To overload an operator, a member or friend function is declared with the same name as the operator being overloaded. This function performs the desired operation on the class type.
-
This document provides an overview of C++ data types. It discusses fundamental data types like integer, character, float, and double. It also covers type modifiers, derived data types like arrays and functions, and other concepts like pointers, references, constants, classes, structures, unions, and enumerations. The document aims to explain the different data types and how they are used in C++.
The document discusses the design and analysis of a D-flip flop. It begins by introducing flip flops and their use for storing state information. It then discusses the need for a D-flip flop due to limitations in the basic SR flip flop. A D-flip flop overcomes these limitations using a gated SR flip flop with an inverter between the S and R inputs, allowing a single data input. The circuit and working of the D-flip flop are shown, noting it will store and output the data input while the clock is high.
The document discusses various C data types including primary, derived, and user defined data types. It describes integer, floating point, character, array, structure, and enum data types. Integer types store whole numbers, floating point types store decimal numbers, and character types store single characters. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type, structures group different data types together, and enums define a new data type with named integer constants. Multidimensional arrays and accessing structure members are also explained with code examples.
The document discusses structures in C programming. It explains that a structure defines a template to group together different data types under a single name. It demonstrates how to define a structure, create structure variables, and access members of a structure using the dot and arrow operators.
This document contains 10 questions and answers about various C language concepts:
1. C was developed between 1969-1973 at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie, aimed for use with UNIX OS. It is widely used for application and system software development.
2. A static variable in C is declared inside a function but its value is retained between function calls.
3. A normal variable stores a value that can change, while a pointer defines the address of another variable rather than storing a value itself.
Contents:-
Introduction
What is a File?
High Level I/O Functions
Defining & Opening a File
Closing a File
The getc and putc Functions
The getw and putw Functions
The fprintf and fscanf Functions
This document provides an overview of pointers in C++. It defines pointers as variables that store the memory address of another variable. It discusses declaring and initializing pointer variables, pointer operators like & and *, pointer arithmetic, passing pointers to functions, arrays of pointers, strings of pointers, objects of pointers, and the this pointer. Advantages of pointers include efficient handling of arrays, direct memory access for speed, reduced storage space, and support for complex data structures. Limitations include slower performance than normal variables, inability to store values, needing null references, and risk of errors from incorrect initialization.
Functions allow programmers to structure C++ programs into modular segments of code to perform individual tasks. There are two types of functions: library functions and user-defined functions. User-defined functions are defined using a return type, function name, and parameters. Functions can be called by value or by reference and can also be inline, recursive, or friend functions.
The aim of this list of programming languages is to include all notable programming languages in existence, both those in current use and ... Note: This page does not list esoteric programming languages. .... Computer programming portal ...
This document discusses classes, objects, and methods in Java. It defines a class as a user-defined data type that contains fields and methods. Objects are instances of classes that allocate memory at runtime. Methods define behaviors for objects and are declared within classes. The document covers defining classes, creating objects, accessing members, constructors, method overloading and overriding, static members, passing objects as parameters, recursion, and visibility control.
Dynamics NAV 2013 discusses assignment statements in C/AL code. Assignment statements set a variable to a value, with the variable representing different values over time. The syntax uses a colon equals (:=) assignment operator to set a variable to a value or expression. Statements can span multiple lines, and variables can automatically convert between compatible types in assignments, with limitations.
The document discusses functions in C programming. It defines functions as self-contained blocks of code that perform a specific task. Functions make a program more modular and easier to debug by dividing a large program into smaller, simpler tasks. Functions can take arguments as input and return values. Functions are called from within a program to execute their code.
This document summarizes key concepts about file input/output in C++. It discusses what files are, how they are named and opened, and the process of reading from and writing to files. Specific functions and operators covered include open(), close(), << to write data, and >> to read data. It also discusses checking for open errors, formatting output, and detecting the end of a file. Program examples demonstrate how to open, read from, write to, and close files using C++.
This document discusses pointers in C++. It defines pointers as variables that store memory addresses of other variables. It covers declaring and initializing pointers, using the address and dereference operators, pointer arithmetic, references, and passing pointers as function arguments. The document includes examples of pointer code and output to demonstrate these concepts.
An enumeration (enum) is a user-defined type (same as structure) that represents a group of constants. typedef is a keyword used to create alias name for the existing datatypes.
This document discusses various data types in C programming. It covers primary data types like int, char, float, and void. It also discusses derived data types such as arrays, pointers, enumerated data types, structures, and typedef. For each data type, it provides details on usage, memory size, value ranges, and examples.
INTRODUCTION
COMPARISON BETWEEN NORMAL FUNCTION AND INLINE FUNCTION
PROS AND CONS
WHY WHEN AND HOW TO USED?
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF INLINE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE WITH PROGRAM CODE
This document discusses data types and literals in Java. It covers the different primitive and non-primitive data types including numeric (integer, floating point), non-numeric (boolean, char) and reference types (classes, interfaces, arrays). It describes the various integer types (byte, short, int, long), floating point types (float, double), boolean and char types. It also discusses literals and provides examples of numeric, character and string literals in Java.
Strings are arrays of characters that are null-terminated. They can be manipulated using functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat(), and strcmp(). The document discusses initializing and reading strings, passing strings to functions, and using string handling functions to perform operations like copying, concatenating, comparing, and reversing strings. It also describes arrays of strings, which are 2D character arrays used to store multiple strings. Examples are provided to demonstrate reading and sorting arrays of strings.
Operator overloading allows user-defined types in C++ to behave similarly to built-in types when operators are used on them. It allows operators to have special meanings depending on the context. Some key points made in the document include:
- Operator overloading enhances the extensibility of C++ by allowing user-defined types to work with operators like addition, subtraction, etc.
- Common operators that can be overloaded include arithmetic operators, increment/decrement, input/output, function call, and subscript operators.
- To overload an operator, a member or friend function is declared with the same name as the operator being overloaded. This function performs the desired operation on the class type.
-
This document provides an overview of C++ data types. It discusses fundamental data types like integer, character, float, and double. It also covers type modifiers, derived data types like arrays and functions, and other concepts like pointers, references, constants, classes, structures, unions, and enumerations. The document aims to explain the different data types and how they are used in C++.
The document discusses the design and analysis of a D-flip flop. It begins by introducing flip flops and their use for storing state information. It then discusses the need for a D-flip flop due to limitations in the basic SR flip flop. A D-flip flop overcomes these limitations using a gated SR flip flop with an inverter between the S and R inputs, allowing a single data input. The circuit and working of the D-flip flop are shown, noting it will store and output the data input while the clock is high.
The document discusses various C data types including primary, derived, and user defined data types. It describes integer, floating point, character, array, structure, and enum data types. Integer types store whole numbers, floating point types store decimal numbers, and character types store single characters. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type, structures group different data types together, and enums define a new data type with named integer constants. Multidimensional arrays and accessing structure members are also explained with code examples.
The document discusses structures in C programming. It explains that a structure defines a template to group together different data types under a single name. It demonstrates how to define a structure, create structure variables, and access members of a structure using the dot and arrow operators.
This document contains 10 questions and answers about various C language concepts:
1. C was developed between 1969-1973 at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie, aimed for use with UNIX OS. It is widely used for application and system software development.
2. A static variable in C is declared inside a function but its value is retained between function calls.
3. A normal variable stores a value that can change, while a pointer defines the address of another variable rather than storing a value itself.
Contents:-
Introduction
What is a File?
High Level I/O Functions
Defining & Opening a File
Closing a File
The getc and putc Functions
The getw and putw Functions
The fprintf and fscanf Functions
This document provides an overview of pointers in C++. It defines pointers as variables that store the memory address of another variable. It discusses declaring and initializing pointer variables, pointer operators like & and *, pointer arithmetic, passing pointers to functions, arrays of pointers, strings of pointers, objects of pointers, and the this pointer. Advantages of pointers include efficient handling of arrays, direct memory access for speed, reduced storage space, and support for complex data structures. Limitations include slower performance than normal variables, inability to store values, needing null references, and risk of errors from incorrect initialization.
Functions allow programmers to structure C++ programs into modular segments of code to perform individual tasks. There are two types of functions: library functions and user-defined functions. User-defined functions are defined using a return type, function name, and parameters. Functions can be called by value or by reference and can also be inline, recursive, or friend functions.
The aim of this list of programming languages is to include all notable programming languages in existence, both those in current use and ... Note: This page does not list esoteric programming languages. .... Computer programming portal ...
This document discusses classes, objects, and methods in Java. It defines a class as a user-defined data type that contains fields and methods. Objects are instances of classes that allocate memory at runtime. Methods define behaviors for objects and are declared within classes. The document covers defining classes, creating objects, accessing members, constructors, method overloading and overriding, static members, passing objects as parameters, recursion, and visibility control.
Dynamics NAV 2013 discusses assignment statements in C/AL code. Assignment statements set a variable to a value, with the variable representing different values over time. The syntax uses a colon equals (:=) assignment operator to set a variable to a value or expression. Statements can span multiple lines, and variables can automatically convert between compatible types in assignments, with limitations.
The document discusses various components of the C language including variables, data types, operators, and input/output functions. It defines variables as memory locations identified by names that can store values. It describes different variable naming conventions and data types including primitive, derived, and user-defined types. The document also explains various arithmetic, relational, logical, and increment/decrement operators used to manipulate variable values. It provides examples of using printf() and scanf() functions for input and output.
The document discusses declaring and using variables and constants in programming, including defining variables with data types, naming variables with meaningful identifiers, assigning values to variables using assignment statements, and understanding that constants refer to fixed values that cannot be modified unlike variables. It provides guidelines for choosing identifiers, performing arithmetic operations on variables, and differentiating between variables that can change value and constants or literals that represent fixed values.
Identifiers are user-defined names used to label variables, arrays, and functions in a program. They can consist of letters, numbers, and underscores but cannot be keywords or the same as another identifier due to case sensitivity. Variables are placeholders that store temporary data and are named locations in memory that can be updated or manipulated. They must follow naming rules such as beginning with a letter and only using alphanumeric characters and underscores.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in C++, including definitions of objects, classes, tokens, keywords, identifiers, constants, variables, operators, control structures, and functions. It explains that an object is an instance of a class, and discusses the main components of a class like data and functions. It also describes different types of tokens, operators, control structures like if/else, switch, while, do-while and for loops, and the syntax of defining functions in C++.
Introduction to Programming Fundamentals 3.pdfAbrehamKassa
The document discusses various programming constructs in C++ including IDEs, writing source code, saving and compiling source files, and dealing with errors. It also covers C++ statements, expressions, variables, data types, literals, symbolic constants, and identifiers. Key points include how to write, save, compile and run a C++ program, declare variables, and use constants. Symbolic constants are preferable to literal values as they allow easy program modification.
In computer programming, data types are used to define the nature and characteristics of data stored in variables. They determine the operations that can be performed on the data and the way the data is stored in memory.
These are some of the fundamental data types in programming languages. Depending on the programming language, there may be additional built-in data types or the ability to define custom data types.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 2 from a Java fundamentals textbook. It covers several topics:
1) A payroll program example to demonstrate object-oriented design principles and programming concepts.
2) Java primitive data types, variables, literals, and constants. It describes how data is represented in memory.
3) Basic program features like comments, classes, importing packages, and using methods.
4) The Java Application Programming Interface (API) documentation and how to use it to find needed classes.
5) An example program that creates a graphical user interface (GUI) to greet a user by name.
This document discusses Java fundamentals including:
1. An example payroll program to demonstrate object-oriented design principles
2. Java primitive types like int and double, variables, literals, and constants
3. Basic program features such as comments, classes, importing packages, and using methods
This presentation discusses the basics of Variables and Arithmetic operations in Visual Basic, together with information on debugging resources within the program
The document provides an overview of elementary programming concepts in Java, including:
- Using variables to store and manipulate data like radius and area for a circle calculation program.
- Using the Scanner class to read user input from the console and store it in a variable.
- Explaining identifiers, naming conventions, and primitive data types like int and double.
- Demonstrating how to write the pseudocode algorithm for a circle area calculation program and translate it into a Java program using concepts like variables, input/output, and arithmetic operators.
This document provides an overview of C programming and data structures. It begins with an introduction to C language concepts like data types, variables, constants, I/O functions, operators, and control statements. It then discusses the history and evolution of C from earlier languages like ALGOL and BCPL. The document outlines characteristics of C and its applications. It also covers topics like keywords, identifiers, data type sizes, variable naming rules, and comment syntax. Library functions for input/output like scanf and printf are explained. The different types of constants in C like integer, real, character, and string constants are defined along with their syntax rules.
This document discusses variables and data types in Java. It covers:
- Different Java variable types like String, int, float, char, and boolean
- Identifiers for naming variables and rules for identifiers
- Declaring and assigning variables
- Concatenating strings
- Taking user input using the Scanner class
- Mathematical operators for performing calculations
This document discusses tokens in the C programming language. It defines tokens as the basic building blocks of a C program, including keywords, identifiers, constants, string literals, and symbols. It provides examples of different token types and explains their meanings. It also covers identifiers, keywords, variables, constants, strings, input/output functions, and writing a basic C program.
The document discusses Java's primitive data types including their ranges and literal constants. It covers char, boolean, byte, short, int, long, float, and double data types. It also discusses variables, symbolic constants, and arithmetic operators.
Form View Attributes in Odoo 18 - Odoo SlidesCeline George
Odoo is a versatile and powerful open-source business management software, allows users to customize their interfaces for an enhanced user experience. A key element of this customization is the utilization of Form View attributes.
How to Add Customer Note in Odoo 18 POS - Odoo SlidesCeline George
In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to add customer note in Odoo 18 POS module. Customer Notes in Odoo 18 POS allow you to add specific instructions or information related to individual order lines or the entire order.
APM webinar hosted by the South Wales and West of England Network on 1 May 2025.
Speaker: Carl Dalby, Group Head of AI/Digital, NDA
So, what does AI mean for you as a project professional, how can you take advantage of it to improve the success of your project? This webinar was held on 1 May 2025.
There is a lot of misinformation, myth, and misconception surrounding Artificial Intelligence in the press and on social media. Using real world examples and case studies around project and risk management, Carl Dalby looked at what AI is and is not, and how Project Professionals can use AI to help augment their decision making by gaining valuable insights into what their data is actually telling them.
Carl adapted his talk to reflect the very latest thinking in this very fast-moving sector
https://www.apm.org.uk/news/debunking-the-myths-behind-ai-what-it-really-means-for-you-as-a-project-professional/
CBSE - Grade 8 - Science - Chemistry - Metals and Non Metals - WorksheetSritoma Majumder
Introduction
All the materials around us are made up of elements. These elements can be broadly divided into two major groups:
Metals
Non-Metals
Each group has its own unique physical and chemical properties. Let's understand them one by one.
Physical Properties
1. Appearance
Metals: Shiny (lustrous). Example: gold, silver, copper.
Non-metals: Dull appearance (except iodine, which is shiny).
2. Hardness
Metals: Generally hard. Example: iron.
Non-metals: Usually soft (except diamond, a form of carbon, which is very hard).
3. State
Metals: Mostly solids at room temperature (except mercury, which is a liquid).
Non-metals: Can be solids, liquids, or gases. Example: oxygen (gas), bromine (liquid), sulphur (solid).
4. Malleability
Metals: Can be hammered into thin sheets (malleable).
Non-metals: Not malleable. They break when hammered (brittle).
5. Ductility
Metals: Can be drawn into wires (ductile).
Non-metals: Not ductile.
6. Conductivity
Metals: Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-metals: Poor conductors (except graphite, which is a good conductor).
7. Sonorous Nature
Metals: Produce a ringing sound when struck.
Non-metals: Do not produce sound.
Chemical Properties
1. Reaction with Oxygen
Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.
These metal oxides are usually basic.
Non-metals react with oxygen to form non-metallic oxides.
These oxides are usually acidic.
2. Reaction with Water
Metals:
Some react vigorously (e.g., sodium).
Some react slowly (e.g., iron).
Some do not react at all (e.g., gold, silver).
Non-metals: Generally do not react with water.
3. Reaction with Acids
Metals react with acids to produce salt and hydrogen gas.
Non-metals: Do not react with acids.
4. Reaction with Bases
Some non-metals react with bases to form salts, but this is rare.
Metals generally do not react with bases directly (except amphoteric metals like aluminum and zinc).
Displacement Reaction
More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their salt solutions.
Uses of Metals
Iron: Making machines, tools, and buildings.
Aluminum: Used in aircraft, utensils.
Copper: Electrical wires.
Gold and Silver: Jewelry.
Zinc: Coating iron to prevent rusting (galvanization).
Uses of Non-Metals
Oxygen: Breathing.
Nitrogen: Fertilizers.
Chlorine: Water purification.
Carbon: Fuel (coal), steel-making (coke).
Iodine: Medicines.
Alloys
An alloy is a mixture of metals or a metal with a non-metal.
Alloys have improved properties like strength, resistance to rusting.
How to Set warnings for invoicing specific customers in odooCeline George
Odoo 16 offers a powerful platform for managing sales documents and invoicing efficiently. One of its standout features is the ability to set warnings and block messages for specific customers during the invoicing process.
How to Create A Todo List In Todo of Odoo 18Celine George
In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to create a Todo List In Todo of Odoo 18. Odoo 18’s Todo module provides a simple yet powerful way to create and manage your to-do lists, ensuring that no task is overlooked.
How to Configure Scheduled Actions in odoo 18Celine George
Scheduled actions in Odoo 18 automate tasks by running specific operations at set intervals. These background processes help streamline workflows, such as updating data, sending reminders, or performing routine tasks, ensuring smooth and efficient system operations.
Real GitHub Copilot Exam Dumps for SuccessMark Soia
Download updated GitHub Copilot exam dumps to boost your certification success. Get real exam questions and verified answers for guaranteed performance
How to Create Kanban View in Odoo 18 - Odoo SlidesCeline George
The Kanban view in Odoo is a visual interface that organizes records into cards across columns, representing different stages of a process. It is used to manage tasks, workflows, or any categorized data, allowing users to easily track progress by moving cards between stages.
All About the 990 Unlocking Its Mysteries and Its Power.pdfTechSoup
In this webinar, nonprofit CPA Gregg S. Bossen shares some of the mysteries of the 990, IRS requirements — which form to file (990N, 990EZ, 990PF, or 990), and what it says about your organization, and how to leverage it to make your organization shine.
How to Clean Your Contacts Using the Deduplication Menu in Odoo 18Celine George
In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to clean your contacts using the Deduplication Menu in Odoo 18. Maintaining a clean and organized contact database is essential for effective business operations.
Lecture 2 CLASSIFICATION OF PHYLUM ARTHROPODA UPTO CLASSES & POSITION OF_1.pptxArshad Shaikh
*Phylum Arthropoda* includes animals with jointed appendages, segmented bodies, and exoskeletons. It's divided into subphyla like Chelicerata (spiders), Crustacea (crabs), Hexapoda (insects), and Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes). This phylum is one of the most diverse groups of animals.
"Basics of Heterocyclic Compounds and Their Naming Rules"rupalinirmalbpharm
This video is about heterocyclic compounds, which are chemical compounds with rings that include atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur along with carbon. It covers:
Introduction – What heterocyclic compounds are.
Prefix for heteroatom – How to name the different non-carbon atoms in the ring.
Suffix for heterocyclic compounds – How to finish the name depending on the ring size and type.
Nomenclature rules – Simple rules for naming these compounds the right way.
Common rings – Examples of popular heterocyclic compounds used in real life.
What is the Philosophy of Statistics? (and how I was drawn to it)jemille6
What is the Philosophy of Statistics? (and how I was drawn to it)
Deborah G Mayo
At Dept of Philosophy, Virginia Tech
April 30, 2025
ABSTRACT: I give an introductory discussion of two key philosophical controversies in statistics in relation to today’s "replication crisis" in science: the role of probability, and the nature of evidence, in error-prone inference. I begin with a simple principle: We don’t have evidence for a claim C if little, if anything, has been done that would have found C false (or specifically flawed), even if it is. Along the way, I’ll sprinkle in some autobiographical reflections.
How to Manage Upselling in Odoo 18 SalesCeline George
In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to manage upselling in Odoo 18 Sales module. Upselling in Odoo is a powerful sales technique that allows you to increase the average order value by suggesting additional or more premium products or services to your customers.
APM event hosted by the Midlands Network on 30 April 2025.
Speaker: Sacha Hind, Senior Programme Manager, Network Rail
With fierce competition in today’s job market, candidates need a lot more than a good CV and interview skills to stand out from the crowd.
Based on her own experience of progressing to a senior project role and leading a team of 35 project professionals, Sacha shared not just how to land that dream role, but how to be successful in it and most importantly, how to enjoy it!
Sacha included her top tips for aspiring leaders – the things you really need to know but people rarely tell you!
We also celebrated our Midlands Regional Network Awards 2025, and presenting the award for Midlands Student of the Year 2025.
This session provided the opportunity for personal reflection on areas attendees are currently focussing on in order to be successful versus what really makes a difference.
Sacha answered some common questions about what it takes to thrive at a senior level in a fast-paced project environment: Do I need a degree? How do I balance work with family and life outside of work? How do I get leadership experience before I become a line manager?
The session was full of practical takeaways and the audience also had the opportunity to get their questions answered on the evening with a live Q&A session.
Attendees hopefully came away feeling more confident, motivated and empowered to progress their careers
SCI BIZ TECH QUIZ (OPEN) PRELIMS XTASY 2025.pptxRonisha Das
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What is a Variable in C Language? | Variable Declaration and initialization.pptx
1. WHAT IS A VARIABLE?
In Mathematics, A variable is some letter which
hold some value, Like x=20. A variable’s value will
vary(change) accordingly. Variables are used in
expressions and equations.
2. WHAT IS A VARIABLE?
In Programming, A variable is a named memory
location which holds input data and its computational
results. E.g. marks = 97. It is same like a box that you
label and put some stuff into.
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF A VARIABLE?
Variables are created in RAM, So data stored in
Variables is temporary
VARIABLE DECLARATION
Writing variable name with its data type is called Variable
declaration. It tells the compiler the name of the variable
to be used in program and type of information to be stored
in it
Syntax:
Data Type Variable Name;
Example:
int marks;
float height;
char x;
int x,y,z,a,age;
C is a strongly typed language, so all variables must be
declared before being used. The compiler will report error if an
undeclared variable is used in a program.
4. VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
Assigning a value first time after Variable declaration is
called variable initialization
Syntax:
Data Type Variable Name = value;
Example:
int marks = 99;
float height;
height = 170;
5. RULES FOR FOR NAMING A VARIABLE
Variable name in C consists of letters, numbers, or
an underscore.
First character of a variable should be a letter or
underscore(_).
Keywords can not be used for variable names like
int, void etc.
Blank space between variable names is not allowed.
6. Constant
A constant is an identifier whose value cannot be changed
during program execution. E.g. PI