What's new, what's hot in PHP 5.3
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Johannes Schlüter's PHPNW08 slides: The current PHP version, PHP 5.3 introduced a multitude of new language features, most notably namespaces and late static binding, new extensions such as phar, as well as numerous other improvements. Even so, this power-packed release boasts better performance than older PHP releases. This talk will give you a good overview about PHP 5.3 and show some less known features in detail.
![Anonymous functions $callback = function( $a , $b ) { if ( $a [ 'sort' ] == $b [ 'sort' ]) { return 0 ; } return ( $a [ 'sort' ] < $b[ 'sort' ]) ? -1 : 1 ; } ; usort( $data , $callback );](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/php5-3-phpnw08-090310145743-phpapp02/85/What-s-new-what-s-hot-in-PHP-5-3-48-320.jpg)
![Main usage setting default values for request parameters $id = $_GET['id'] ?: 0; Problem: Might emit an E_STRICT error unlike the “traditional” way $id = isset($_GET['id']) ? $_GET['id'] : 0;](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/php5-3-phpnw08-090310145743-phpapp02/85/What-s-new-what-s-hot-in-PHP-5-3-55-320.jpg)
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What's new, what's hot in PHP 5.3
- 1. PHP 5.3 What's New, What's Hot Johannes Schlüter MySQL Engineering Connectors and Client Connectivity Sun Microsystems
- 2. PHP Roadmap
- 3. PHP 4 Photo: Patricia Hecht
- 4. PHP 5.2 Photo: Gabriele Kantel
- 5. PHP 5.3 Photo: Jamie Sanford
- 6. PHP 6 Photo: G4Glenno (flickr)
- 7. New language (syntax) features in 5.3 Namespaces
- 8. Closures
- 11. New operators ?:
- 12. goto
- 13. NOWDOC syntax, HEREDOC with quotes dynamic static calls
- 14. PHP 5.3 – New functionality Phar – PHP archives
- 15. New SQLite 3 Extension
- 16. mysqlnd – MySQL native driver
- 22. E_DEPRECATED error level
- 23. ...
- 24. Namespaces
- 25. Namespaces – The Reasons Class names have to be unique per running script
- 26. PHP runtime developers tend to add class with generic names “ Date ” Class names tend to be long MyFramework_Category_Helper_FooBar
- 27. Namespaces – Design Ideas PHP's namespace implementation is resolving names (mostly) at compile-time They should have no (measurable) impact on the runtime performance
- 28. new $string; won't know anything about namespaces neither do callbacks or anything else which takes class names as string When using namespaces the namespace declaration has to be in at the beginning of the file
- 29. There can be multiple namespaces per file
- 30. Namespace-able elements Namespaces can contain classes, functions and constants <?php namespace Foo ; const ANSWER = 42 ; class C { /* ... */ } function f () { } ?> <?php echo Foo \ ANSWER; new Foo \ C (); Foo \ f (); ?>
- 31. Namespace syntax You can use curly braces to define multiple namespaces: <?php namespace Foo { class C { /* ... */ } } namespace Bar { class C { /* ... */ } } ?>
- 32. Namespaces – an example foo.php <?php namepace MyFramework \ someModule ; class Foo { /* ... */ } ?> bar.php <?php class Bar extends MyFramework \ someModule \ Foo { /* ... */ } ?> The compile translates this to MyFramework\someModule\Foo We can use the full name from within another file
- 33. Namespaces – an example foo.php <?php namepace MyFramework \ someModule ; class Foo { /* ... */ } ?> bar.php <?php namepace MyFramework \ someModule ; class Bar extends Foo { /* ... */ } ?> This will be prefixed with the namespace As will this, so we are referring to our previously declared class
- 34. Accessing the same Namespace For usage in strings use the magic __NAMESPACE__ constant. call_user_func ( array( __NAMESPACE__ . '\some_class' , 'method' ), $param1 , $param2 , $param3 ); For accessing elements of the same namespace use “ namespace ” return new namespace\ some_class ();
- 35. Namespaces – Accesing Global <?php namepace MyFramework \ someModule ; echo strlen (); echo \ strlen (); echo some \ other \ space \ strlen (); ?>
- 36. Namespaces – Importing Using classes Often you want to use classes from other namespaces
- 37. “use” creates an alias which can be used in the given file
- 38. No use foo\*;
- 39. Use example use Foo\Bar; use Foo\Bar as Baz; use RecursiveIteratorIterator as RII; Use class Bar from Foo and make Bar the alias As above but make Baz the alias It's just an alias so we can create an alias to global classes, too
- 40. Use namespace namespace foo \ bar ; class class1 {} // foo\bar\class1 class class2 {} // foo\bar\class2
- 41. use foo \ bar ; new bar \ class1 (); new bar \ class2 ();
- 42. No “as” allowed!
- 43. Closures
- 44. Callbacks $data = array( array( 'sort ' => 2 , 'foo' => 'some value' ), array( 'sort' => 1 , 'foo' => 'other value' ), array( 'sort' => 3 , 'foo' => 'one more' ), /* … */ );
- 45. Task: Sort the array $data using the sort field of the array
- 46. Callbacks bool usort (array &$array, callback $cmp_function) This function will sort an array by its values using a user-supplied comparison function. Problem: Where to put the callback function?
- 47. eval is evil, so is create_function() create_function($a, $b) equals to eval(“function lambda($a) { $b }”); It is probably insecure, won't work nicely with OpCode caches, editing the code as string leads to mistakes (no proper highlighting in an editor), ...
- 48. Anonymous functions $callback = function( $a , $b ) { if ( $a [ 'sort' ] == $b [ 'sort' ]) { return 0 ; } return ( $a [ 'sort' ] < $b[ 'sort' ]) ? -1 : 1 ; } ; usort( $data , $callback );
- 49. A closer look var_dump ( $callback ); object(Closure)#1 (0) { } Anonymous Functions/Closures are implemented as Objects of the type “Closure”
- 50. Any object with an __invoke() method can be used as closure
- 51. Closures function fancy_count ( $arr ) { $count = 0 ; $callback = function( $dat ) use ( &$count ) { $count ++; }; array_walk ( $arr , $callback ); return $count ; } echo fancy_count (array( 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 )); // 5
- 52. Closures and $this class Example { public $search = 'hello' ; public function getReplacer ( $r ) { return function ( $text ) use ( $r ) { return str_replace ( $this -> search , $r , $text ); }; } } $e = new Example (); $r = $e -> getReplacer ( 'goodbye' ); echo $r ( 'hello world' ); // goodbye world $e -> search = 'world' ; echo $r ( 'hello world' ); // hello goodbye
- 53. ?: Operator Discussed for a long time under the name “issetor”
- 54. shortcut for $foo ? $foo : $bar;
- 55. Main usage setting default values for request parameters $id = $_GET['id'] ?: 0; Problem: Might emit an E_STRICT error unlike the “traditional” way $id = isset($_GET['id']) ? $_GET['id'] : 0;
- 56. Dynamic Static Calls As of PHP 5.3 the class name for calling a static class element can be a variable $name = 'Classname'; $name::method(); If an an object is passed it's class is used $o = new Class(); $o::method(); Use the fully qualified class name in Strings namespace Foo; $name = __NAMESPACE__.'\'.$name; $name::method();
- 57. New error level: E_DEPRECATED Used by PHP to mark functionality which might (or will) be removed with later releases
- 58. E_STRICT (should) only include errors related to “bad” coding practices
- 59. E_DEPRECATED is part of E_ALL Continue to develop using error_reporting = E_ALL!
- 60. Fix errors to ease migration to future releases
- 61. Improved date support Date arithmetics DateInterval represents the difference between to Dates
- 62. DateTime::add(), DateTime::sub() can be used to apply an interval to a date
- 63. Dateperiod represents a period of time and allows iteration
- 64. Dateperiod $begin = new DateTime ( '2007-12-31' ); $end = new DateTime ( '2009-12-31 23:59:59' ); $interval = DateInterval :: createFromDateString ( 'last thursday of next month' ); $dp = new DatePeriod ( $begin , $interval , $end , DatePeriod :: EXCLUDE_START_DATE ); foreach ( $dp as $dt ) { echo $dt -> format ( "l Y-m-d H:i:s\n" ); }
- 65. Improved SPL support SPL is the “Standard PHP Library”
- 66. Until 5.3 it mainly focused on iterators
- 67. PHP 5.3 introduces SplDoublyLinkedList
- 68. SplStack
- 71. SplFixedArray
- 72. PHAR – PHP Archive Similar to Java's JAR
- 73. Possibly the future default way for distributing applications
- 74. PHAR files can use a custom file format or be based on tar or zip archives
- 75. PHAR includes a flexible front controller system to do the mapping from request to a file inside the phar
- 76. Creating phar archives <?php try { $phar = new Phar ( 'myapp.phar' ); $phar [ 'index.php' ] = '<?php echo "Welcome to the index!"; ?>' ; $phar [ 'page2.php' ] = '<?php echo "This is page 2."; ?>' ; } catch ( Exception $e ) { echo $e ; } ?>
- 77. … or from command line $ phar.phar pack -f myapp.php index.php directory/
- 78. $ phar.phar list -f myapp.phar |-phar:///index.php |-phar:///directory/file.php |-phar:///directory/image.png
- 79. Stubs A “stub” is put on top of the file and executed when called
- 80. $phar -> setStub ( '<?php echo “Hello World!”; __HALT_COMPILER(); ?>' );
- 82. webPhar Phar has a front-controller for 1:1 mapping from URLs to files in the phar
- 83. $phar -> setStub ( '<?php Phar::webPhar(); __HALT_COMPILER(); ?>' );
- 88. Reference counting PHP's memory handling is based on reference counting. A PHP variable consists of a label ($label) and the variable container (zval structure)
- 89. PHP is counting the number of labels pointing to the same variable container <?php $a = new stdClass (); $b = $a ; unset( $a ); unset( $b ); ?> reference count = 1 reference count = 2 reference count = 1 reference count = 0
- 90. Cyclic references <?php $a = new stdClass (); $b = new stdClass (); $a -> b = $b ; $b -> a = $a ; unset( $a ); unset( $b );
- 91. Using reference counting PHP can't see that the objects aren't referenced from somewhere else Using refcount PHP can't free the memory till the end of the script run
- 92. New garbage collector Now PHP can search for cyclic references from time to time
- 93. To en-/disable GC use zend.enable_gc php.ini setting
- 94. gc_enable(), gc_disable() If enabled the GC is trigger automatically or by gc_collect_cycles() For complex applications this can reduce memory usage by the cost of CPU time Unit-Tests!
- 95. So much new stuff but still faster!? Yes!
- 96. New scanner (based on re2c instead of flex)
- 97. Improved internal stack usage
- 98. Improved access to internal data structures
- 99. VisualStudio 9 builds for Windows
- 100. Diagram: Sebastian Bergmann 4.3.11 4.4.7 5.0.5 5.1.6 5.2.5 5.3
- 101. Diagram: Sebastian Bergmann 5.1.6 5.2.5 5.3
- 102. Links Downloads: http://downlaods.php.net/johannes/ (Source) http://windows.php.net/ (Windows Binaries) http://snaps.php.net/ (Latest snapshots) Documentation: http://php.net/manual/ http://wiki.php.net/doc/scratchpad/upgrade/53
- 103. Johannes Schlüter [email_address] Thank you!
- 104. NOWDOC Similar to HEREDOC but does no expanding of variables
- 105. <?php echo <<< ' EOT ' This item costs $US 23.42 EOT; ?>
- 106. This item costs $US 23.42
- 107. HEREDOC with quotes For being consistent with NOWDOCs HEREDOCs allow passing the name escaped by quotes
- 108. <?php echo <<< ” EOT ” This item costs $US 23.42 EOT; ?>
- 109. Notice: Undefined variable: US in ... This item costs 23.42
- 110. Stream-Wrapper Support The include_path ini-Setting can include paths provided by stream wrappers include_path = http://example.com/files:/local:. Mainly thought for phar streams
- 111. mysqlnd PHP-specific replacement for the MySQL Client library (libmysql)
- 113. Deeply bound to PHP Using PHP memory management
- 114. Using PHP Streams
- 115. No external dependencies Not yet another MySQL extension but an internal library sitting below other extnesion Powers ext/mysql, mysqli and pdo_mysql
- 116. mysqlnd To compile PHP using mysqlnd use --with-mysql=mysqlnd
- 118. --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd Windows builds use mysqlnd by default
- 119. goto Yes, exactly what the name says
- 120. But there are few Limitations: You can only jump within the same code unit (the same function, global space from the same file, technically precise: the same OpArray)
- 121. You can jump out of blocks but not int o blocks <?php label : echo 1 ; goto label ; ?>
- 122. Late Static Binding
- 123. Active Record Pattern “ Active record is an approach to accessing data in a database. A database table or view is wrapped into a class, thus an object instance is tied to a single row in the table.” Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_record_pattern
- 124. Active Record <?php $user = User :: findByID ( 23 ); echo “Hello “ . $user -> getName (). ”!\n” ; $user -> setPassword ( “verysecret” ); $user -> save (); ?>
- 125. Late Static Binding <?php abstract class ActiveRecord { static function findById ( $id ) { $table = /* what's the name to use? */ $query = “SELECT * FROM “ . $table . ” WHERE id=” . $id ; /* .... */ } } class User extends ActiveRecord {} class Entry extends ActiveRecord {} $a = User :: findById ( 2 ); $b = Entry :: findById ( 4 ); $table = get_called_class();
- 126. Late Static Binding II class Base { public static function m() { self ::printName(); static ::printName(); } static function printName() { echo __CLASS__; } } } Base::m(); Base Base class Extended extends Base { static function printName() { echo __CLASS__; } } } Extended::m(); Base Extended
Editor's Notes
- #2: L