Wheat Seed Production Technology In Central India
- 1. Wheat Seed Production Technology Dr. Jang Bahadur Singh Senior Scientist (Plant Breeding) IARI – Regional Station, Indore (MP) Mobile : 9752159512 E.Mail : [email protected] IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute
- 2. Land Requirement Free from volunteer plants well drained field soil neither too acidic not too alkaline longer interval of crop rotation is desirable Previous Cropping • Well known history to avoid contamination from volunteer plants, noxious weeds and seed borne diseases • Never immediately follow wheat, unless the wheat crop in the previous season was of same variety • Two year rotation for flag smut and nematodes affected soils
- 3. Isolation Requirement • Self pollinated – Clistogamous • 1-4% cross pollination sometimes occur • 3 meter all around planted with non-cereal crops or left uncroped • Loose smut susceptible variety – 180 meter • 150 meter from other field of loose smut in excess of 0.1% in foundation seed and 0.5% in certified seed production
- 4. Cultural Practices Selection of Variety Time of Sowing • Long duration varieties - Ist Fortnight of November • Medium duration varieties – IInd fortnight of November • Short Duration – December • Optimum time Mean daily temperature - 23+ 3oC Good Tillering – 16 – 20oC Preparation of Land • Deep ploughing with soil turning plough then harrow – rotavator • Best Levelling for proper irrigation • Free from weeds
- 5. Source of Seed • Obtain nucleus/breeder/foundation seed from a source approved by the certification agency Seed Rate • As per grain weight of variety Spacing • Timely Sown : 20 – 23 cm • Late Sown : 18 cm Method of Sowing • Sown in rows with seed drill • Depth : 5 cm • Seed drill thoroughly cleaned and checked before use • Avoid the chances of mixture, if more than one variety is sown by same seed drill
- 7. Nucleus Seed plots of HI 8498 (Malavshakti)
- 8. Breeder seed plots IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute HI 8663 (Poshan) HI 1544 (Purna)
- 9. Field Inspection • The best time to access cultivar purity is after ear emergence when seed has started to fill • Latter inspection when glume and seed colour can be observed Interculture • Timely weeding and interculture are essential • By periodic hoeing and weeding • Chemical control
- 10. Roguing Two or three roguings • First Roguing Just ahead of flowering stage • Second roguing Just after flowering is completed • Third roguing After the ear heads turn colour and start to mature Plant Protection Measures • Use resistant varieties • Seed treatment
- 11. Harvesting and Threshing • Soon after maturity, harvest the crop to avoid shattering and avoid losses due to uncertain weather • Grain moisture content <15% • Mechanical harvesting • Most critical factors to be considered i) seed moisture content ii) mechanical damage iii) Cleanliness of equipments • Threshing floor must be clean Drying, storage, bagging and transport
- 12. Threshing of HD 2932 Kusmania