Wimmics Research Team Overview 2017

WEB OF DATA &
SEMANTIC WEB
LINKING DATA AND THEIR
SCHEMAS AROUND THE
WORLD.
Fabien GANDON, @fabien_gandon http://fabien.info
   

WIMMICS TEAM
 Inria
 CNRS
 University of Nice
Inria Lille - Nord Europe (2008)
Inria Saclay – Ile-de-France
(2008)
Inria Nancy – Grand Est
(1986)
Inria Grenoble – Rhône-
Alpes (1992)
Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée (1983)
Inria Bordeaux
Sud-Ouest (2008)
Inria Rennes
Bretagne
Atlantique
(1980)
Inria Paris-Rocquencourt
(1967)
Montpellier
Lyon
Nantes
Strasbourg
Center
Branch
Pau
I3S
Web-Instrumented Man-Machine Interactions,
Communities and Semantics

MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TEAM
 41 members 2016, 50 in 2015
 14 nationalities
 1 DR, 3 Professors
 3CR, 4 Assistant professors
 1 SRP
DR/Professors:
 Fabien GANDON, Inria, AI, KR, Semantic Web, Social Web
 Nhan LE THANH, UNS, Logics, KR, Emotions
 Peter SANDER, UNS, Web, Emotions
 Andrea TETTAMANZI, UNS, AI, Logics, Agents,
CR/Assistant Professors:
 Michel BUFFA, UNS, Web, Social Media
 Elena CABRIO, UNS, NLP, KR, Linguistics
 Olivier CORBY, Inria, KR, AI, Sem. Web, Programming, Graphs
 Catherine FARON-ZUCKER, UNS, KR, AI, Semantic Web, Graphs
 Alain GIBOIN, Inria, Interaction Design, KE, User & Task models
 Isabelle MIRBEL, UNS, Requirements, Communities
 Serena VILLATA, CNRS, AI, Argumentation, Licenses, Rights
Inria Starting Position: Alexandre MONNIN, Philosophy, Web

SCENARIO
epistemic
communities

CHALLENGE
to bridge social semantics and
formal semantics on the Web

WEB GRAPHS
(meta)data of
the relations
and the
resources of the
web
…sites …social …of data …of services
+ + + +…
web…
= +
…semantics
+ + + +…= +
typed
graphs
web
(graphs)
networks
(graphs)
linked data
(graphs)
workflows
(graphs)
schemas
(graphs)

CHALLENGES
typed graphs to analyze,
model, formalize and
implement social semantic
web applications for
epistemic communities
 multidisciplinary approach for analyzing and modeling
the many aspects of intertwined information systems
communities of users and their interactions
 formalizing and reasoning on these models using typed graphs
new analysis tools and indicators
new functionalities and better management

9
extending human memory
Vannevar Bush
Memex, Life Magazine,
10/09/1945

10
hypermedia structure
Vannevar Bush
10/09/1945
Ted Nelson
HyperText, ACM
1965

11
human-computer interaction
Vannevar Bush
10/09/1945
Douglas Engelbart
Augment, Mouse, HCI,
1968
Ted Nelson
HyperText, ACM
1965

12
inter-networking
Vannevar Bush
10/09/1945
Douglas Engelbart
1968
Ted Nelson
HyperText, ACM
1965
Vinton Cerf
TCP/IP, Internet
1974

13
identify and link across networks
Vannevar Bush
10/09/1945
Information Management:
A Proposal CERN, 1989
Tim Berners-LeeDouglas Engelbart
1968
Ted Nelson
HyperText, ACM
1965
Vinton Cerf
TCP/IP, Internet
1974

23
three components of the Web architecture
1. identification (URI) & address (URL)
ex. http://www.inria.fr
URL

24
2. communication / protocol (HTTP)
GET /centre/sophia HTTP/1.1
Host: www.inria.fr
HTTP
URL
address

25
2. communication / protocol (HTTP)
GET /centre/sophia HTTP/1.1
Host: www.inria.fr
3. representation language (HTML)
Fabien works at
<a href="http://inria.fr">Inria</a>
HTTP
URL
HTML
reference address
communication
WEB

identifying shadows on the Web

27
multiplying references to the Web
HTTP
URL
HTML
reference address
communication
WEB

identify what
exists on the
web
http://my-site.fr
identify,
on the web, what
exists
http://animals.org/this-zebra

UR Identitye.g. http://ns.inria.fr/fabien.gandon#me

Car configurations as linked data
1025 car configurations but only 1020 coherent (1/100 000)
from [François-Paul Servant et al. ESWC 2012]

1 (partial) Configuration = 1 URI

every possible state on the Web

publish data and computations
CONSTRAINTS
[Servant et al. 2012]

34
W3C standards
HTTP
URI
HTML
reference address
communication
WEB
universal nodes and types
identification

36
Beyond Documentary Representations
HTTP
URI
reference address
communication
WEB
HTTP
URI
HTML
reference address
communication
WEB

37
pieces of a world-wide graph
HTTP
URI
reference address
communication
WEB
HTTP
URI
HTML
reference address
communication
WEB
RDF

38
a Web approach to data publication
???...« http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Paris »

39
HTTP URI
GET

40
HTTP URI
GET
HTML, …

41
HTTP URI
GET
HTML,RDF, XML,…

a recipe to link data on the Web

44
ratatouille.fr
or the recipe for linked data

45
ratatouille.fr

46
ratatouille.fr

47
ratatouille.fr

48
datatouille.fr

49
linked open data(sets) cloud on the Web
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
01/05/2007 08/10/2007 07/11/2007 10/11/2007 28/02/2008 31/03/2008 18/09/2008 05/03/2009 27/03/2009 14/07/2009 22/09/2010 19/09/2011 30/08/2014 26/01/2017
number of linked open datasets on the Web

LOD cloud
http://lod-cloud.net/

52
a Web graph data model
HTTP
URI
RDF
reference address
communication
Web of
data
universal
graph data
model

53
"Music"
RDFis a model for directed labeled multigraphs
http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html
http://ns.inria.fr/fabien.gandon#me
http://inria.fr/schema#author
http://inria.fr/schema#topic
http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html
http://inria.fr/schema#keyword

GLOBAL GIANT GRAPH
of linked (open) data on the Web

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 Crawling, collecting, indexing
 Scalability of storage, server, etc.
 Modularization
 Models and syntaxes (efficient, canonical, etc.)
 Version management, long term preservation
 Validation, transformation
 Linking, named entity recognition,
 Human-Data Interaction (visualize, browse,
search, access, create, contribute, update,
curate,)
 Social, collective, collaborative interaction

57
query data sources on the Web
URI
reference address
communication
WEB
RDFHTTP
URI
reference address
communication
WEB
RDF

58
a Web graph access
HTTP
URI
RDF
reference address
communication
Web of
data

59
Get Data, Not Documents
ex. DBpedia

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 Efficiency storage and querying
 Efficient network access means: HTTP gets,
Linked Data Fragments, Linked Data
Platform (REST), SPARQL services, protocol
and language
 Distribution, federation and hybridization
 Operations on flows
 Dedicated graph operators (e.g. paths)
 Reliable, persistent, trustworthy
 Access control, (homomorphic) encryption,
compression

ADDING SEMANTICS WITH VOCABULARIES

62
infer, reason, with semantics
URI
reference address
communication
WEB
RDF
URI
reference address
communication
WEB
RDF
RDFS
OWL

63
HTTP
URI
RDFS
OWL
reference address
communication
web of
data
Web ontology languages

64
RDFS to declare classes of resources,
properties, and organize their hierarchy
Document
Report
creator
author
Document Person

65
OWL in one…
algebraic properties
disjoint properties
qualified cardinality
1..1
!
individual prop. neg
chained prop.


enumeration
intersection
union
complement
 disjunction
restriction!
cardinality
1..1
equivalence
[>18]
disjoint union
value restriction
keys
…

SKOS
thesaurus, lexicon
skos:narrowerTransitive
skos:narrower
skos:broaderTransitive
skos:broader
#Algebra#Mathematics #LinearAlgebra
broader
narrower
broader
narrower
broaderTransitive broaderTransitive
narrowerTransitive narrowerTransitive
broaderTransitive
narrowerTransitive

LOV.OKFN.ORG
Web directory of
vocabularies/schemas/
ontologies

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 Expressivity, complexity, decidability, completeness
 Schemas validation, verification
 Intelligent processing : classical, reasoning, deontic
reasoning, induction, machine learning, data
mining
 Hybrid approaches (e.g. reasoning and ML)
 Open world assumption (OWA)
 Scaling, approximating and distributing reasoning
 Heterogeneity
 Alignment of resources and vocabularies
 Uncertainty, data quality, data and processing
traceability
 Extraction, learning, mining, etc. of data and
vocabularies

70
PROV-O: vocabulary for provenance and traceability
describe entities and activities involved in providing a resource

METHODS AND TOOLS
1. user & interaction design


METHODS AND TOOLS
2. communities & social medias



METHODS AND TOOLS
3. linked data & semantic Web




METHODS AND TOOLS
4. reasoning & analyzing





G2 H2

G1 H1
<
Gn Hn

RESEARCH CHALLENGES
2. communities & social networks
How do we improve our interactions with a
semantic and social Web ?
• capture and model the users' characteristics?
• represent and reason with the users’ profiles?
• adapt the system behaviors as a result?
• design new interaction means?
• evaluate the quality of the interaction designed?


RESEARCH CHALLENGES
How can we manage the collective activity on social
media?
• analyze the social interaction practices and the
structures in which these practices take place?
• capture the social interactions and structures?
• formalize the models of these social constructs?
• analyze & reason on these models of social activity?


RESEARCH CHALLENGES
What are the needed schemas and extensions of
the semantic Web formalisms for our models?
• formalisms best suited for the models of the
challenges 1 & 2 ?
• limitations and extensions of existing formalisms?
• missing schemas, ontologies, vocabularies?
• links and combinations of existing formalisms?


RESEARCH CHALLENGES
What are the algorithms required to analyze and
reason on the heterogeneous graphs we obtained?
• analyze graphs of different types and their
interactions?
• support different graph life-cycles, calculations and
characteristics?
• assist different tasks of our users?
• design the Web architecture to deploy this?


METHODS AND TOOLS





G2 H2

G1 H1
<
Gn Hn

METHODS AND TOOLS
 • KB interaction (context, Q&A, exploration, …)
• user models, personas, emotion capture
• mockups, evaluation campaigns




G2 H2

G1 H1
<
Gn Hn

METHODS AND TOOLS


• KB interaction (context, Q&A, exploration, …)
• community detection, labelling
• collective personas, coordinative artifacts
• argumentation theory, sentiment analysis



G2 H2

G1 H1
<
Gn Hn

METHODS AND TOOLS



• ontology-based knowledge representation
• formalisms: typed graphs, uncertainty
• knowledge extraction, data translation


G2 H2

G1 H1
<
Gn Hn

METHODS AND TOOLS




• ontology-based knowledge representation
• formalisms: typed graphs, uncertainty
• knowledge extraction, data translation
• graph querying, reasoning, transforming
• induction, propagation, approximation
• explanation, tracing, control, licensing, trust

e.g. cultural data is a weapon of mass construction

PUBLISHING
 extract data (content, activity…)
 provide them as linked data
DBPEDIA.FR (extraction, end-point)
180 000 000 triples
models
Web architecture
[Cojan, Boyer et al.]

PUBLISHING
DBpedia.fr usage
number of queries per day
70 000 on average
2.5 millions max
185 377 686 RDF triples extracted and mapped
public dumps, endpoints, interfaces, APIs…

PUBLISHING
DBpedia.fr active since
2012

REUSE
 build and help build applications DBPEDIA.FR (extraction, end-point)
180 000 000 triples
Zone 47
BBC
HdA Lab
DiscoveryHub.co

Wimmics Research Team Overview 2017

James Bridle’s twelve-volume encyclopedia of all
changes to the Wikipedia article on the Iraq War
booktwo.org

HISTORIC
for each page & edition

EXTRACTED
entire edition history as
linked open data
1.9 billion triples describing the 107 million revisions since the first page was created
<http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo> a prov:Revision ;
dc:subject <http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Victor_Hugo> ;
swp:isVersion "3496"^^xsd:integer ;
dc:created "2002-06-06T08:48:32"^^xsd:dateTime ;
dc:modified "2015-10-15T14:17:02"^^xsd:dateTime ;
dbfr:uniqueContributorNb 1295 ;
(...)
dbfr:revPerYear [ dc:date "2015"^^xsd:gYear ; rdf:value
"79"^^xsd:integer ] ;
dbfr:revPerMonth [ dc:date "06/2002"^^xsd:gYearMonth ;
rdf:value "3"^^xsd:integer ] ;
(...)
dbfr:averageSizePerYear [ dc:date "2015"^^xsd:gYear ;
rdf:value "154110.18"^^xsd:float
] ;
dbfr:averageSizePerMonth [ dc:date
"06/2002"^^xsd:gYearMonth ;
rdf:value "2610.66"^^xsd:float ]
;
(...)
dbfr:size "159049"^^xsd:integer ;
dc:creator [ foaf:nick "Rinaldum" ] ;
sioc:note "wikification"^^xsd:string ;
prov:wasRevisionOf <http:// … 119074391> ;
prov:wasAttributedTo [ foaf:name "Rémih" ; a prov:Person,
foaf:Person ] .
<http:// … 119074391> a prov:Revision ;
dc:created "2015-09-29T19:35:34"^^xsd:dateTime ;
dbfr:size "159034"^^xsd:integer ;
dbfr:sizeNewDifference "-5"^^xsd:integer ;
sioc:note "/*Années théâtre*/ neutralisation"^^xsd:string ;
prov:wasAttributedTo [ foaf:name "Thouny" ; a prov:Person,
foaf:Person ] ;
prov:wasRevisionOf <http://... 118903583> .
(...)
<http:// … oldid=118201419> a prov:Revision ;
prov:wasAttributedTo [ foaf:name "OrlodrimBot" ; a
prov:SoftwareAgent ] ;
(...)
[Gandon, Boyer, Corby, Monnin 2016]

DEMO
Facetted history portals
Elections
in France

DEMO
Elections
in France
Death of
C. Lee

DEMO
Elections
in France
Death of
C. Lee
Events in
Ukraine

DBPEDIA & STTL
declarative transformation
language from RDF to text
formats (XML, JSON, HTML,
Latex, natural language, GML,
…) [Cojan, Corby, Faron-Zucker et al.]

more data, more usages, more users

ADAPTING TO USERS
e.g. e-learning & serious games
[Rodriguez-Rocha, Faron-Zucker et al.]

LUDO: ontological modeling of serious games
Learning
Game KB
Player’s profile &
context
Game design
[Rodriguez-Rocha, Faron-Zucker et al.]

DOCS & TOPICS
link topics, questions, docs,
[Dehors, Faron-Zucker et al.]

MONITORING
e.g. progress of learners
[Dehors, Faron-Zucker et al.]

EDUMICS
 Ontology EduProgression: OWL modeling of scholar program
 Ontology RefEduclever: new education referential for Educlever
 Migration and persistence in graph databases
 Reasoning, query, interactions, recommendation
[Fokou, Faron et al. 2017]

MOOC
[Gandon, Corby, Faron-Zucker]

WASABI
augmenting musical
experience with the Web
[Buffa, Jauva et al.]
NLP & LOD & Lyrics

ZOOMATHIA
Cultural transmission of
zoological knowledge
from Antiquity
to Middle Age
[Faron Zucker, et al.]

SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE
 TAXREF Vocabulary
 Data extraction and
publication
[Tounsi, Callou, Michel, Pajo, Faron Zucker et al.]

“
Smarter Cities – IBM Dublin
[Lécué, 2015]

“searching” comes in many flavors

SEARCHING
 exploratory search
 question-answering
180 000 000 triples

SEARCHING
180 000 000 triples
DISCOVERYHUB.CO
semantic spreading
activation
new evaluation protocol
[Marie, Giboin, Palagi et al.]

SEARCHING
180 000 000 triples
DISCOVERYHUB.CO
semantic spreading
activation
new evaluation protocol
[D:Work], played by [R:Person]
[D:Work] stars [R:Person]
[D:Work] film stars [R:Person]
starring(Work, Person)
linguistic relational
pattern extraction
named entity recognition
similarity based SPARQL
generation
select * where {
dbpr:Batman_Begins dbp:starring ?v .
OPTIONAL {?v rdfs:label ?l
filter(lang(?l)="en")} }
[Cabrio et al.]
[Marie, Giboin, Palagi et al.]
QAKiS.ORG

SEARCHING
e.g. QAKIS
question-answering

learning linguistic patterns of queries

MULTIMEDIA
answer visualization
through linked data

BROWSING
e.g. SMILK plugin
[Lopez, Cabrio, et al.]

BROWSING
e.g. SMILK plugin
[Nooralahzadeh, Cabrio, et al.]

QUESTION ROUTING
 emails to the customer service (eg 350000/day “Crédit Mutuel”)
 detect topics in order to “understand” a question
 3 humans annotate 142 questions (Krippendorff’s Alpha 0,70)
 NLP and semantic processing for features extraction
 ML performance comparison for question classification
Naive Bayes, Sequential Minimal Optimisation (SMO),
Random Forest, RAndom k-labELsets (RAkEL)
[Gazzotti, et al. 2017]
NE
recognition
(L,T)
Removing
special
characters
Tokenization
(L,T)
Spell
Checking
(L,T)
Lemmatization
(L)
Vector
generation
BOW/N-gram
Replacement in documents
Consider as feature
Input
Document
ML
workflow
L: Language dependent - T: Text dependent
Unbalanced Topics
Metrics uni uni⨁bi uni+bi+tri uni⨁NE syn syn⨁hyper syn⨁NE
Hamming
Loss
0,0381 0,0370 0,0374 0,0373 0,0399 0,0412 0,0405

SEARCHING
e.g. DiscoveryHub
exploratory search

semantic spreading activation
SIMILARITY
FILTERING
discoveryhub.co

CONVERGING
answer visualization
through linked data

relevant
not known
known
not relevant
EVALUATING
user-centric studies

INTERACTION
design and evaluation
Favoris
Nouvelle recherche TEMPS
Debut test Free Jazz 24s
Free improvisation 33s
(fiche) Avant-garde 47s
John Coltrane (vidéo) 1min 28
Marc Ribot 2min11
(fiche) experimental music 2min18 2min23
Krautrock 2min31
(fiche) Progressive rock 2min37 2min39
Red (King Crimson album) 2m52 2min59
King
Crimson 3min05
(fiche) Jazz fusion 3min18
(fiche) Free Jazz 3min32 3min54
Sun Ra 4min18
(fiche) Hard bop 4min41 4min47
Charles
Mingus (vidéo) 5min29
(fiche) Third Stream (vidéo) 6min20
Bebop 7min19
Modal jazz 7min26
(fiche) Saxophone 7min51 7min55
Mel Collins
21st Century Schizoid Band
Crimson Jazz Trio
(fiche)
King
Crimson
(fiche)
Robert
Fripp
Miles Davis
Thelonious Monk
(fiche) Blue Note Record
McCoy Tyner
(fiche) Modal Jazz
(fiche) Jazz
Chick Corea
(fiche) Jazz Fusion
Return to Forever
Mahavishnu Orchestra
Shakti (band)
U.Srinivas
Bela Fleck
Flecktones
John McLaughlin (musician)
Dixie Dregs
FICHE Dixie Degs
T Lavitz
Jordan Rudess
Behold… The Arctopus
(fiche) Avant-garde metal
Unexpected
FICHE unexpected
Dream Theater
King
Crimson
(fiche) Jazz fusion
King
Crimson
Tony Levin
(fiche) Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe
(fiche) Rike Wakeman (vidéo)
Fin test
[Palagi, Marie, Giboin et al.]

(RE)DESIGN
interface evolutions
[Palagi, Marie, Giboin et al.]

METHODS & CRITERIA
 design and evaluation criteria
 exploratory search process model
[Palagi, Giboin et al. 2017]
A. Define the search space
B. Query (re)formulation
C. Information gathering
D. Put some information aside
E. Pinpoint search
F. Change of goal(s)
G. Backward/forward steps
H. Browsing results
I. Results analysis
J. Stop the search session
Previous features Feature Next features
NA A B ; J
A ; F B G ; H ; I ; J
D ; E ; I C D ; E ; F ; G ; H ; J
E ; I D C ; F ; G ; J
G ; H ; I E C ; D ; F ; G ; J
C ; D ; E ; G ; H ; I F B ; H ; I ; J
B ; D ; E ; H ; I G E ; F ; H ; I ; J
B ; F ; G ; I H E ; F ; G ; ; I ; J
B ; F ; G ; H I C ; D ; E ; F ; G ; H ; J
all J NA

MODELING USERS
 individual context
 social structures
PRISSMA
prissma:Context
0 48.86034
-2.337599
200
geo:lat
geo:lon
prissma:radius
1
:museumGeo
prissma:Environment
2
{ 3, 1, 2, { pr i ssma: poi } }
{ 4, 0, 3, { pr i ssma: envi r onment } }
:atTheMuseum
error tolerant graph
edit distance
context
ontology
[Costabello et al.]

MODELING USERS
PRISSMA
prissma:Context
0 48.86034
-2.337599
200
geo:lat
geo:lon
prissma:radius
1
:museumGeo
prissma:Environment
2
{ 3, 1, 2, { pr i ssma: poi } }
:atTheMuseum
edit distance
context
ontology
OCKTOPUS
tag, topic, user
distribution
tag and folksonomy
restructuring with
prefix trees
[Costabello et al.]
[Meng et al.]

MODELING USERS
PRISSMA
prissma:Context
0 48.86034
-2.337599
200
geo:lat
geo:lon
prissma:radius
1
:museumGeo
prissma:Environment
2
{ 3, 1, 2, { pr i ssma: poi } }
:atTheMuseum
edit distance
context
ontology
OCKTOPUS
tag, topic, user
distribution
tag and folksonomy
restructuring with
prefix trees
EMOCA&SEEMPAD
emotion detection & annotation
[Villata, Cabrio et al.]
[Costabello et al.]
[Meng et al.]

DEBATES & EMOTIONS
#IRC argument rejection
attacks-disgust

OPINIONS
NLP, ML and arguments
[Villata, Cabrio, et al.]

“
« a Web-Augmented Interaction (WAI)
is a user’s interaction with a system
that is improved by allowing the
system to access Web resources »
[Gandon, Giboin, WebSci17]

ALOOF: Web and Perception
[Cabrio, Basile et al.]
Semantic Web-Mining and Deep Vision for Lifelong Object Discovery (ICRA 2017)
Making Sense of Indoor Spaces using Semantic Web Mining and Situated Robot Perception (AnSWeR 2017)

ALOOF: robots learning by reading on the Web
Annie cuts the bread in the kitchen with her knife dbp:Knife aloof:Location dbp:Kitchen

ALOOF: robots learning by reading on the Web
 First Object Relation Knowledge Base:
46212 co-mentions, 49 tools, 14 rooms,
101 “possible location” relations,
696 tuples <entity, relation, frame>
 Evaluation: 100 domestic implements,
20 rooms, 2000 crowdsourcing
judgements
 Object co-occurrence for coherence
building
Annie cuts the bread in the kitchen with her knife dbp:Knife aloof:Location dbp:Kitchen

ALOOF: RDF dataset about objects
 common sense knowledge about objects: classification, prototypical locations
and actions
 knowledge extracted from natural language parsing, crowdsourcing,
distributional semantics, keyword linking, ...

AZKAR
remotely visit and interact
with a museum through a
robot and via the Web
[Buffa et al.]

QUERY & INFER
 graph rules and queries
 deontic reasoning
 induction
CORESE
 &
G2 H2
 &
G1 H1
<
Gn Hn
abstract graph machine
STTL
[Corby, Faron-Zucker et al.]

QUERY & INFER
 induction
CORESE
 &
G2 H2
 &
G1 H1
<
Gn Hn
RATIO4TA
predict &
explain
STTL
[Hasan et al.]

QUERY & INFER
 induction
CORESE
INDUCTION
 &
G2 H2
 &
G1 H1
<
Gn Hn
RATIO4TA
predict &
explain
find missing
knowledge
STTL
[Hasan et al.]
[Tettamanzietal.]

QUERY & INFER
 induction
CORESE
LICENTIA
INDUCTION
 &
G2 H2
 &
G1 H1
<
Gn Hn
RATIO4TA
predict &
explain
find missing
knowledge
deontic reasoning, license
compatibility and composition
STTL
[Hasan et al.]
[Tettamanzietal.]
[Villata et al.]

QUERY & INFER
e.g. CORESE/KGRAM
[Corby et al.]

FO  R  GF  GR
mapping modulo an ontology
car
vehicle
car(x)vehicle(x)
GF
GR
vehicle
car
O
RIF-BLD SPARQL RIFSPARQL
?x ?x
C C
List(T1. . . Tn) (T1’. . . Tn’)
OpenList(T1. . . Tn T)
External(op((T1. . . Tn))) Filter(op’ (T1’. . . Tn’))
T1 = T2 Filter(T1’ =T2’)
X # C X’ rdf:type C’
T1 ## T2 T1’ rdfs:subClassOf T2’
C(A1 ->V1 . . .An ->Vn)
C(T1 . . . Tn)
AND(A1. . . An) A1’. . . An’
Or(A1. . . An) {A1’} …UNION {An’}
OPTIONAL{B}
Exists ?x1 . . . ?xn (A) A’
Forall ?x1 . . . ?xn (H)
Forall ?x1 . . . ?xn (H:- B) CONSTRUCT { H’}
WHERE{ B’}
restrictions
equivalence no equivalence
extensions

FO  R  GF  GR
mapping modulo an ontology
car
vehicle
car(x)vehicle(x)
GF
GR
vehicle
car
O
truck
car
   




121 ,, )(2121
2
21
2
1
),(let;),( ttttt tdepthHc ttlttHtt c
  ),(),(min),(let),( 21,21
2
21 21
ttlttlttdistHtt cc HHttttc  
vehicle
car
O
truck
t1(x)t2(x)  d(t1,t2)< threshold

LDSCRIPT
a Linked Data Script Language
FUNCTION us:status(?x) {
IF (EXISTS { ?x ex:hasSpouse ?y }||EXISTS { ?y ex:hasSpouse ?x },
ex:Married, ex:Single) }
[Corby, Faron Zucker, Gandon, ISWC 2017]

DISTRIBUTED
inductive index creation for a
triple store [Basse, Gandon, Mirbel]

DISTRIBUTED
Querying heterogeneous and
distributed data [Gaignard,Corby et al.]

rr:objectMap
1
1
0-1
0-1
1
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
1
1
rr:GraphMaprr:graphMap
0-1
xrr:logicalSource
xrr:LogicalSource
xrr:query
Query String
rml:iterator Iteration pattern
rr:IRI, rr:BlankNode, rr:Literal,
xrr:RdfList, xrr:RdfBag,
xrr:RdfSeq, xrr:RdfAlt
reference expr.
xrr:nestedTermMap
xrr:NestedTermMap
rr:inverseExrpression
xrr:reference
reference expr.
reference expr.
rr:ObjectMap
HETEROGENEITY
xR2RML mapping language
and SPARQL query rewriting
[Michel et al.]
<AbstractQuery> ::= <AtomicQuery> | <Query> |
<Query> FILTER <SPARQL filter> | <Query> LIMIT <integer>
<Query> ::= <AbstractQuery> INNER JOIN <AbstractQuery> ON {v1, … vn} |
<AtomicQuery> AS child INNER JOIN <AtomicQuery> AS parent
ON child/<Ref> = parent/<Ref> |
<AbstractQuery> LEFT OUTER JOIN <AbstractQuery> ON {v1, … vn} |
<AbstractQuery> UNION <AbstractQuery>
<AtomicQuery> ::= {From, Project, Where, Limit}
<Ref> ::= a valid xR2RML data element reference

QUERY & INFER
e.g. Gephi+CORESE/KGRAM

http://drunks-and-lampposts.com/2012/06/13/graphing-the-history-of-philosophy/
http://blog.ouseful.info/2012/07/03/mapping-how-programming-languages-influenced-each-other-according-to-wikipedia/
http://blog.ouseful.info/2012/07/04/mapping-related-musical-genres-on-wikipediadbpedia-with-gephi/
explore different domains

EXPLAIN
 justify results
 predict performances
[Hasan et al.]

INDUCTION
learning axioms from linked
data on the Web [Tettamanzi et al.]

DISCOVERING ASSOCIATION RULES
[Tran, Tettamanzi, 2017]
isParent(x, y) ⇐ isFather(x, y)
isParent(x, y) ⇐ isMother(x, y)
Rules induced by (Facts1 ∪ Facts2)
isMother(Maria, Anna)
isMother(Maria, Alli)
isFather(Carlos, Anna)
isFathe(Carlos, Alli)
isParent(Maria, Anna)
isParent(Maria, Alli)
isParent(Carlos, Anna)
isParent(Carlos, Alli)

DISCOVERING ASSOCIATION RULES
 Discovering Multi-Relational Association Rules in the
Semantic Web
 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP)
= Logic Programming ∩ Machine Learning
 Learning logic rules from examples and background knowledge
 Evolutionary approach (genetic algo)
[Tran, Tettamanzi, 2017]
H1 ∧ ... ∧ Hm ⇐ B1 ∧ B2 ∧ ... Bn

DISTRIBUTED AI
 Agent-based Simulation for a Multi-context
BDI Recommender
 Solitary agents vs social agents: social
agents have better performance than
solitary ones
 Trust/Distrust score to detect malicious
agents
 Possibility theory is an uncertainty theory
dedicated to handle incomplete information
[Ben Othmane, Tettamanzi, Serena Villata et al. 2017]

QUERY & INFER
e.g. Licencia
[Villata et al.]

DEONTICS
Legal Rules on the Semantic Web
OWL + Named Graphs + SPARQL Rules
Named Graph (state of affair) Subject Predicate Object
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs1 Tom http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#activity driving at 100km/h
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs1 Tom http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Tom
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs1 can't drive over 90km http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type violated requirement
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs1 can't drive over 90km has for violation http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs1
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs1 driving at 100km/h http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#speed 100
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs1 driving at 100km/h http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#Driving
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs1 driving at 100km/h http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label "driving at 100km/h"@en
Named Graph (state of affair) Subject Predicate Object
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs2 Jim http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#activity driving at 90km/h
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs2 Jim http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Jim
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs2 can't drive over 90km http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type compliant requirement
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs2 can't drive over 90km has for compliance http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs2
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs2 driving at 90km/h http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#speed 90
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs2 driving at 90km/h http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#Driving
http://ns.inria.fr/nrv-inst#StateOfAffairs2 driving at 90km/h http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label "driving at 90km/h"@en

171
cooperative company, spin-off wimmics
Xxxx
xxxx
Xxxx
xxxx
x
xxxx
xxxx
x
xxxx
Xxxx
xx
xxxx
x
Xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxxXxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
Xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
contribute
Xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
contributes
exhange
Xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
Xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
link, enrich
analyze, assist
integrate to IS, intelligence, enterprise social medias

“
«If you are not acquiring Knowledge,
you are losing it »
Yuval Shahar

177
price
convert?
person
other sellers?
Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 …

The Web Conference 2018 Call For Contributions
The 2018 edition of The Web Conference (27th edition of the
former WWW conference) will offer many opportunities to present
and discuss latest advances in academia and industry.
•Research tracks
•Posters
•Tutorials
•Workshops
Other tracks (in alphabetical order):
•Challenges track
•Demos track
•Developers’ track
•Hackathon/Hackateen
•Hyperspot – Exhibition
•International project track
•Journal paper track
•Journalism, Misinformation
•and Fact Checking
•Minute of madness
•PHD symposium
•The BIG Web
•W3C track
•Web For All
•(W4A co-located conference)
•Web programming
and more CfP coming soon…
“bridging natural and artificial intelligence worldwide”

WIMMICS
epistemic communitieslinked data
usages and introspection
contributions and traces

180
Toward a Web of Programs
“We have the potential for every HTML document to be a
computer — and for it to be programmable. Because the thing
about a Turing complete computer is that … anything you can
imagine doing, you should be able to program.”
(Tim Berners-Lee, 2015)

181
one Web … a unique space in every meanings:
data
persons documents
programs
metadata

WIMMICSWeb-instrumented man-machine interactions, communities and semantics
   
Fabien Gandon - @fabien_gandon - http://fabien.info
he who controls metadata, controls the web
and through the world-wide web many things in our world.
Technical details: http://bit.ly/wimmics-papers

Wimmics Research Team Overview 2017

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