Women empowerment

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA
PRESENTED BY-
AKASHDEEP NAYEK
BATCH- 2014
ROLL- 01
RAMAKRISHNA MISSION
VIVEKANANDA
UNIVERSITY.
F/C- IRTDM, Morabadi,
Ranchi

- PANDIT JAWHARLAL NEHERU
“YOU CAN TELL THE CONDITION OF A NATION BY
LOOKING AT THE STATUS OF ITS WOMEN”

OUTLINES
 Empowerment means..
 What is women Empowerment?
 Main problems of women
 Why need of women empowerment..
 Component of women empowerment
 Ways to achieve it
o Educational empowerment
o Social empowerment
o Political empowerment
o Health empowerment
 Role of NGO & Government in women empowerment
 Legal empowerment
 Some global eye openers
 Conclusion

The empowerment of a person or group of people is the process
of giving them power and status in a particular situation (Collins
Dictionary).
Awareness/consciousness, choice/alternatives, resources, voice,
agency and participation (Charmes & Wieringa 2003).
 Power implies ability to make choices (Kabeer 2001:08)

WHAT IS WOMEN EMPOWERMENT?
Women empowerment or gender empowerment is the process, and
the outcome of the process, by which women challenge gender-based
discrimination against women/men in all the institutions and structures of
society.
“Women are worshipped as goddess in INDIA,
But not given her true position.”

MAIN PROBLEMS OF WOMEN..
 Lack of education,
 Financial constraint,
 Family responsibility,
 Low mobility,
 Low ability to bear risk,
 Low need for achievement,
 Absence of ambition for the achievement,
 Social status

Dr B R Ambedkar
I measure
the progress of
a
community
by the degree of progress
which women have
achieved

WHY NEED OF WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT?
The main problems faced by women in past and present are-
 Gender discrimination
 Women education
 Female infanticide
 Dowry
 Marriage in same caste and child marriage
 Atrocities on women: With their age, they have been raped, kicked,
killed & humiliated almost daily.

Cont..
WOMEN ARE DEPRIVED OF:
 Decision Making Power
 Freedom of Movement
 Access to Education
 Access to Employment
 Exposure to Media
 Domestic Violence

COMPONENTS OF WOMENS’
EMPOWERMENT..
According to the UN definition, women’s empowerment has five
components:
• Women's sense of self-worth;
• Right to have and to determine choices;
• Right to have access to opportunities and resources;
• Right to have the power to control their own lives, both within and
outside the home;
• Ability to influence the direction of social change to create more
social and economic order, nationally and internationally.

Women
Development
Economic
al
Education
al
Political
Social

WAYS TO ACHIVE..
 Self Help Groups
 Aangan Badis
 Govt Schemes
 Micro Finance
 Self Employment

EDUCIONAL EMPOWERMENT
• Swayamsidha scheme; 2001 :
 Self Help Groups based programme with emphasis on convergence
activities.
 Objective is to ensure that Self Help Groups members avail the benefit of
all schemes and services in an integrated and holistic manner.
 Involved in Income Generating Activities i.e. Food preservation, Vermi
Compost, Embroidery, Beautician, Dari making, Gur patti making,
Cutting & Tailoring etc.
 Implemented in 6 districts of Haryana State (Ambala, Panchkula, Rewari,
Hissar, Narnaul and Yamuna Nagar) under which 13 blocks have been
sanctioned

Cont..
• Haryana Women Development Corporation (HWDC); 1982
o Set up as Haryana Economically Weaker Sections Kalyan Nigam
Limited
o Later it was named as HWDC
o Micro Credit Scheme through HWDC: loans to SHGs and the
individual members.

Cont..
• Rashtriya Mahila Kosh Scheme
recognizes SMS as an eligible NGO for the purpose of promoting
micro-credit and undertaken the responsibility of training members of
SMS.
Skill Development training regarding Mushroom Cultivation,
Tailoring ,Beauty Culture Training and Integrated Training programme on
Diary productions have also been conducted respectively in District
Sonipat.

Cont..
• Support to Training and Employment Programme of Women (STEP)
scheme under Ministry of WCD
o with a view to help assetless and marginalised women become
economically self-reliant
• Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana - Development of Women &
Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA)
• Short stay home for Women and Girls (SSH)
• Schemes of department of animal husbandary, dairying, fisheries.
• Promotion and strengthening of agricultural mechanization through
training, testing and demonstration.
• Marketing assistance scheme

Cont..
• Scheme of fund for regeneration of traditional industries (SFURTI)
• National award scheme.
• Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (CLCSS)
• Performance and credit rating scheme for small industries
• Rajiv Gandhi Udyami Mitra Yojana
• Indira Awaas Yojana

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
5 6 7 10
16 18
28
35
44
52
65
74.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
190119111921193119411951196119711981199120012011
Total
Total

SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Sati practice abolished - 1829
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Widow Remarriage Act –
1856

SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT
• Political empowerment of women is only a part of the overall
mainstreaming of women.
• Education of women means greater awareness of their role in society.
• Awareness of their rights, better knowledge of housekeeping and better
performance of their roles as a housewife and mother.
• Education and training have opened up the avenues of employment and
self-employment in the organized sector. As never before women are
working in diverse fields as doctors, engineers, IAS officers, IPS
officers, bank officials and in a wide range of sectors in the unorganized
sector. In agriculture, most of the operations are run by women.

Cont..
• Barriers to Female Education
o Poverty: one-third of India’s population : BPL
o Social values and parental preferences
o Inadequate school facilities
o Shortage of female teachers: 29 % (prim.) & 22% (univ.)
o Lack of transport facilities
o Lack of hostel facilities for girls
o Sexual harassment in school

Cont..
• SARVA SIKSHA ABHIYAAN (SSA - 2000) aims to bridge social, regional
and gender gaps, with the active participation of the community in the
management of schools.
Goals of SSA :
• Open new schools in areas which do not have them and to expand existing
school infrastructures and maintenance.
• Address inadequate teacher numbers, and provide training a development for
existing teachers
• Provide quality elementary education including life skills with a special focus
on the education of girls and children with special needs as well as computer
education

Cont..
• National Mission for Empowerment of Women: notified on 8th of
March, 2010. The Mission aims at implementing the women centric
programmes in a mission mode to achieve better coordination.
• The Mission has also been named Mission Poorna Shakti, implying a
vision for holistic empowerment of women.

POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT
• Participation of women
in elections increased
over the years
• Proportion of women
turnout for voting (2009)
– 58.2%

HEALTH EMPOWERMENT
There are some sort of health problems of women that effects adversely-
• Maternal mortality ratio
• Sex ratio
• Malnutrition
• Family planning
• Institutional delivery
• Domestic violence

PROGRAMMES RELATED TO WOMENS’
HEALTH EMPOWERMENT
• Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)
• Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
• Janani suraksha yojana
• Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana
• Rajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme
• Kishori Shakti Yojana
• Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana

SOME WAYS TO EMPOWER WOMEN..
• Changes in women's mobility and social interaction;
• Changes in women's labour patterns;
• Changes in women's access to and control over resources; and
• Changes in women's control over decision-making.

ROLE OF NGO’S IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
• Non-governmental organizations are playing a significant role in the
empowerment of disadvantages women. Just a few years after
Independence, the Government set up the Central Social Welfare
Board, an apex body of the voluntary sector that aids more than 10,000
NGOs across the country, helping women stand on their own through
such programme as socio-economic programme, vocational training and
other similar programmes.

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
• The Department of Women and Child Development has been
implementing special programmes for the holistic development and
empowerment of women with major focus to improve their socio-
economic status
• The year 2001 was declared as “Women’s Empowerment Year” to
bring greater focus on the programmes for women.
• A programme of Support to Training-cum-Employment for Women
(STEP) was launched in 1987 to strengthen and improve the skills for
employment opportunities for women below the poverty line.
• Swayamsidha launched in March 2001 and the Swa-Shakti Project
(earlier known as Rural Women’s Development and Empowerment
Project), launched in October 1998.

Cont..
• National Mission for Empowerment of Women-Ministry of Women
and Child Development.
Partner Ministries & Departments for programmes related to
empowerment of women facilitated by NMEW:
o Ministry of Human Resource Development
o Ministry of Finance
o Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation
o Ministry of Rural Development
o Ministry of Panchayati Raj
o Department of Agriculture and Cooperation

Cont..
o Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
o Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
o Ministry of Law & Justice
o Ministry of Environment & Forests
o Ministry of Labour & Employment
o Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment

LEGAL EMPOWERMENT..
• There are several laws specially for women & their constitutional safe
guards-
- The Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929
- The Factory Act 1948
- The Plantation Labor Act 1951
- The Mines Act 1951
- Hindu Marriage Act 1955
- Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 1956
- The Dowry Prohibition Act 1961
- The Maternity Benefit Act 1961
- MTP Act 1971
- The Equal Remuneration Act 1976

Cont..
o The Indecent Representation of Women [Prohibition] Act 1986
o Constitutional amendments for reservation of seats in the local
bodies of Panchayat and Municipalities 1993
o Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PNDT) act 1994
o Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005

CONCLUSION
• Women represent half the world’s population, and gender
inequality exists in every nation on the planet. Until women are
given the same opportunities that men are, entire societies will be
destined to perform below their true potentials .The greatest need
of the hour is change of social attitude to women.

Individual efforts are appreciable,
But not sufficient
Let’s take them out of the darkness of life
THANK YOU

Women empowerment

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