X tombs
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Archaeological research is providing new insights into the tombs and catacombs along the ancient Via Labicana in Rome. Analysis of burials in the Mausoleum of Helena and the Church of Saints Peter and Marcellinus has revealed details about those interred. Isotope analysis indicates the individuals came from various backgrounds, with some migrants from North Africa. Personal items and burial styles, such as the use of plaster, suggest these were members of the Equites Singulari Augusti, the personal cavalry of Roman emperors. Ongoing study of the human remains, textiles, and artifacts is enhancing understanding of this non-homogenous group.
![CIL VI 3234 = ILS 2209
D(is) M(anibus).| Aurel(io) Victori, eq(uiti) | sing(ulari),
tur(ma) Costan|tini, nat(ione) Dacus,|5 allect(us) ex ala I
Illy|ricor(um), vix(it) an(nos) XXXIII,| mil(itavit) an(nis) XIII.
Vlpius | Macedo et Vlp(ius) Ma|ternus dupl(icarii),
hered(es), b(ene) m(erenti) f(ecerunt).
To the Spirits of the Departed. Aurelius Victor, [member of
the] Personal Cavalry, Constantinian Cohort, of the Dacian
nation. Selected after 5 years from the 1st Illyrian
squadron, lived 33 years, served 13 years. Ulpius Macedo
and Ulpius Maternus, heirs, together erected this
[memorial] to the Well-Deserving.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xtombs-180627000223/85/X-tombs-14-320.jpg)
![CIL VI 3288 = DKR 539 = IDRE I 59. EDR
152540
D(is) M(anibus).| Septim(io) Sacretio, eq(uiti) sing(ulari) | d(omini)
n(ostri), tur(ma) Neroniani, kastr(is) pri|orib(us), nat(ione) Dacus. Vix(it)
ann(os) XLV,|5 mil(itavit) ann(os) XXIIII. Valer(ius) Vale(n)s et | Aelia
Vrsula, coniunx eius, hered(es),| b(ene) m(erenti) f(ecerunt).
To the Spirits of the Departed. Septimus Sacretius, [member of the]
Personal Cavalry of our lord, Neronian Cohort, previously from Kastri,
of the Dacian nation. Lived 45 years, served 5 campaigns over 24 years.
Valerius Valens and Aelia Ursula, his wife, and his heir, erected this
[memorial] to the Well-Deserving.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xtombs-180627000223/85/X-tombs-15-320.jpg)
X tombs
- 1. X Tombs Mystery: Research Update
- 2. Forum Catacombs of Marcellinus & Peter San Callisto Santa Priscilla San Sebastiano Santa Domitilla Santa Agnese
- 3. Looking SW along Via Labicana from Porta Maggiore
- 4. Necropolis Mausoleum of Helena Villa della Piscina Villa ad Duas Lauros Villa Divia Sommariva Villa delle Terme Villa Divia Lizzani Via Labicana
- 7. Villa ad Duas Lauros
- 8. Necropolis Mausoleum of Helena Villa della Piscina Villa ad Duas Lauros Villa Divia Sommariva Villa delle Terme Villa Divia Lizzani Via Labicana
- 10. Cemetery of the Equites Singulari Augusti Catacombs of St Peter & Marcellinus Funerary Structures
- 11. Equites Singulari Augusti on Trajan’s Column
- 12. Equites Singulari Augusti on Arch of Constantine?
- 14. CIL VI 3234 = ILS 2209 D(is) M(anibus).| Aurel(io) Victori, eq(uiti) | sing(ulari), tur(ma) Costan|tini, nat(ione) Dacus,|5 allect(us) ex ala I Illy|ricor(um), vix(it) an(nos) XXXIII,| mil(itavit) an(nis) XIII. Vlpius | Macedo et Vlp(ius) Ma|ternus dupl(icarii), hered(es), b(ene) m(erenti) f(ecerunt). To the Spirits of the Departed. Aurelius Victor, [member of the] Personal Cavalry, Constantinian Cohort, of the Dacian nation. Selected after 5 years from the 1st Illyrian squadron, lived 33 years, served 13 years. Ulpius Macedo and Ulpius Maternus, heirs, together erected this [memorial] to the Well-Deserving.
- 15. CIL VI 3288 = DKR 539 = IDRE I 59. EDR 152540 D(is) M(anibus).| Septim(io) Sacretio, eq(uiti) sing(ulari) | d(omini) n(ostri), tur(ma) Neroniani, kastr(is) pri|orib(us), nat(ione) Dacus. Vix(it) ann(os) XLV,|5 mil(itavit) ann(os) XXIIII. Valer(ius) Vale(n)s et | Aelia Vrsula, coniunx eius, hered(es),| b(ene) m(erenti) f(ecerunt). To the Spirits of the Departed. Septimus Sacretius, [member of the] Personal Cavalry of our lord, Neronian Cohort, previously from Kastri, of the Dacian nation. Lived 45 years, served 5 campaigns over 24 years. Valerius Valens and Aelia Ursula, his wife, and his heir, erected this [memorial] to the Well-Deserving.
- 16. Statistics on Singulari from Stelae
- 18. Modern Church of SS Peter & Marcellinus
- 24. Pathologies • High levels of arthritis • High levels of carpal tunnel syn. • Suggests repetitive work
- 25. C14 Dating of Textiles & Bone Collages
- 27. • Mix of low and high quality fabric – shrouds? Clothing? • High quality is S weave (typical of NW Europe) • Low quality is Z weave (typical of N Africa) • Gold thread – perhaps ties? Unusual Burial - Fabrics
- 28. • Lime-based plaster covering many bodies • Attempt to preserve bodies? • Attempt to limit contagion? Unusual Burial - Plaster
- 29. Map of Plaster Burials
- 30. Isotope Analysis • Not very Roman: 23% migrants • Some from N. African • Non-homogenous group • Ate a similar diet of grains and seafood
- 31. Artefacts